List of battles involving Georgia (country)
(Redirected from List of Georgian battles)
 | This article possibly contains original research. (October 2024) |
This is a list of the battles in the history of the country of Georgia.
The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of the battles following this legend:
- Georgian victory
- Georgian defeat
- Another result (*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive) - Ongoing conflict
Antiquity
[edit]| Date | Battle | Modern Location | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1112 BC | Battle of Tao[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey 
|
Assyrian–Georgian Wars | Diauehi, | Assyria | Defeat |
| 845 BC | Capture of Artvin[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey
|
Assyrian–Georgian Wars | Diauehi, | Assyria | Defeat |
| 790 BC | Capture of Shavsheti[1] | Şavşat, Artvin, Turkey
|
Urartu's invasions of Georgia | Diauehi, | Urartu | Defeat |
| 284 BC | Battle of Artaan[2] | Ardahan Province, Turkey
|
Alexander's invasion of Iberia |  Kingdom of Iberia,
|
Aryan Kartli, | Iberian Victory
|
| 65 BC | Battle of the Pelorus[3] | Aragvi River, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia 
|
Caucasian campaign of Pompey | Kingdom of Iberia |  Roman Republic
|
Defeat |
| 51 AD | Siege of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia 
|
Iberian–Armenian War | Kingdom of Iberia |  Kingdom of Armenia Roman Empire
|
Victory
|
Early medieval fragmentation
[edit]
Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)
[edit]
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Royal triarchy and principalities (1490–1801)
[edit]
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Russian Empire
[edit]
Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921)
[edit]
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Soviet Union (1922–1991)
[edit]
Republic of Georgia (1991–)
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Archaepolis
- ^ Principality of Iberia gains land from Klarjeti to Ksani
- ^ Tbilisi is burnt down and its emir Sahak is executed, while Kouropalates of Tao-Klarjeti Bagrat I briefly gains Kartli.[18]
- ^ Nasra is put to death at Aspindza and Adarnase crowns himself as the King of the Iberians
- ^ Despite victory, Constantine III of Abkhazia soon reclaims Shida Kartli
- ^ David III captures Malazgird and expels Muslims.
- ^ Seljuks take the fortress with heavy casualties, but halt their further advance into western Georgia due to a harsh winter
- ^ Georgian King Bagrat defeats Shaddadid Fadl ibn Shavur, to whom the Seljuks entrusted Tbilisi, captivates him and installs a loyal emire in the city.
- ^ Or 1075[38]
- ^ Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia in 1105
- ^ Ahlatshahs and Beylik of Dilmaç become vassal of the Kingdom of Georgia
- ^ Seljuk Empire fails to recapture the capital
- ^ End of the Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids (1209-1211)
- ^ Last battle between Eldiguzids and Kingdom of Georgia
- ^ Jahan Shah quietly left the battlefield at night and escaped to Tabriz
- ^ Bagrat VI of Georgia had to make peace with the invaders, abandoning Tbilisi to the enemy
- ^ Last battle of Turkoman invasions of Georgia (1407-1502)
- ^ Qvarqvare is reinstalled as the prince of Samtskhe-Saatabago
- ^ Gurian-supported Levan of Kakheti ascends to the throne
- ^ Principality of Samtskhe is annexed by Imereti
- ^ Georgians lost because of the betrayal[who?]
- ^ Death of both Shahverdi Sultan and Luarsab I of Kartli
- ^ Simon I of Kartli defeats Safavids in a battle, but is captured and imprisoned, while Daud Khan assumes nominal control of Kartli
- ^ Giorgi II of Guria overthrows Mingrelian prince George III Dadiani and installs Mamia IV Dadiani instead
- ^ Georgian-Kizilbash army fails to recapture Tbilisi[60]
- ^ Army of the Ottoman Empire fails to capture Kartli
- ^ Simon I recognizes Rostom as the King of Imereti
- ^ King Simon I of Kartli liberates city Gori from the Ottoman Empire
- ^ Simon who was taken captive, was brought to Istanbul and imprisoned in Yedikule.
- ^ 80,000 Turkoman and Persian killed by Georgians
- ^ George IV of Guria is crowned as King of Imereti, but George VII of Imereti soon regains power
- ^ Erivan Khanate becomes vassal of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[113]
- ^ Erivan Khanate and Ganja Khanate again become vassals of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[114]
- ^ Lower Guria remains under Ottoman control
- ^ Ganja Khanate became vassal of Kartli-Kakheti
- ^ Khevsurs encircle Russians, but Russians manage to escape
- ^ Russian general Ivan Gudovich fails to capture Akhalkalaki and retreats while having lost a third of his forces.
- ^ Abkhazia joins Russian Empire as an autonomous principality
- ^ Prince Alexander is defeated after initial victory
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 20.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 23.
- ^ Appian, p. 103.
- ^ Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 36.
- ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 46.
- ^ Petersen 2013, p. 271.
- ^ David Braund (1994). Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562. Clarendon Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 9780198144731.
- ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 47.
- ^ "Battle of Tsakhar 556". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 11. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1987. p. 265.
- ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 143.
- ^ Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780791496831.
- ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 28. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253209153
- ^ a b Mikaberidze 2015, p. 424.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 259.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 159.
- ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 260.
- ^ Thomson 1996, pp. 260–261.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 66.
- ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 261.
- ^ Tavadze, Leri (2012). კურაპალატის ტიტული ტაო-კლარჯერთის ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო სახლში (ქართველთა სამეფოს პოლიტიკური ვითარება IX-X საუკუნეში) [Title of Kouropalates in the house of Bagrationis of Tao-Klarjeti (political circumstances of Kingdom of Georgians in the IX-X centuries)] (in Georgian). Tbilisi. p. 81.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66-67.
- ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66.
- ^ "Gurgen I". National Parliamentary Library of Georgia (in Georgian). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
- ^ Papaskiri, Zurab (2011). "The Byzantine Commonwealth and the International Status of the Georgian Political Units in the First Half of the 10th Century". The Caucasus & Globalization. 5 (3–4): 131.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 272.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 162.
- ^ Frye 1975, p. 237.
- ^ Frye 1975, pp. 237, 732.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 74.
- ^ Frye 1975, p. 241.
- ^ a b Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 309.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 43.
- ^ Allen 2023, p. 89.
- ^ Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 310.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 192.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 193.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 83.
- ^ Thomson 1996, p. 310.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 83–84.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 127.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 90.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 89.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 140.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rayfield 2012, p. 142.
- ^ Baumer 2021, p. 18.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 143.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 147.
- ^ Peacock 2006, p. 130.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 206.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 93.
- ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 96.
- ^ Bogveradze, A. (1984). "Niali Battle 1191". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 7. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 406.
- ^ Mariam Lortkipanidze (2006). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 151.
- ^ Pancaroğlu, Oya (2021). "Looking for Urban Agency in a City of Memorials: Tomb Towers of Late Thirteenth-Century Ahlat" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 14: 121. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no14_2021s117.
- ^ a b c d Mariam Lortkipanidze (2006). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 154.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 170.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 173.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 177.
- ^ Allen 2023, p. 116.
- ^ "Battle of Kvishkheti 1260". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 10. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1986. p. 523.
- ^ Constantin d'Ohsson (1852). Histoire des Mongols: depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu'à Timour Bey, ou Tamerlan (in French). Vol. IV. Les fères Van Cleef. p. 330.
- ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - 1re partie. St. Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 210.
- ^ Baumer 2021, p. 75.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rakhmanalieva 1992.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 149.
- ^ Javakhishvili 1949, p. 193.
- ^ a b c Minorsky, Vladimir, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1993), E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, p. 757. Brill, ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- ^ a b c d e Rayfield 2012, p. 152.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 220.
- ^ a b c d e Rayfield 2012, p. 221.
- ^ a b Javakhishvili 1949, p. 30–32.
- ^ Javakhishvili 1949, p. 34–35.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 224.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 225.
- ^ Valeri Silogava; Kakha Shengelia (2007). History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution". Caucasus University Publishing House. p. 272. ISBN 9789994086160.
- ^ a b c d e Rayfield 2012, p. 230.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 230-231.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 231.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 233.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 234.
- ^ Marie-Félicité Brosset; Simon Gogoberidze (1900). საქართველოს ისტორია : მეფეთა და მთავართა გენეალოგიით და ქრონოლოგიით. Vol. 2. Harvard University. p. 3.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 164.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 219.
- ^ Nodar Asatiani; Otar Janelidze (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. p. 127. ISBN 9789941906367.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 245.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 245-246.
- ^ a b Bagrationi 1976, p. 133-135.
- ^ a b c d e Rayfield 2012, p. 247.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 250.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 172.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 259.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 324.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 175.
- ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 136.
- ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 179.
- ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 261.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 328.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 199.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 213.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 218.
- ^ a b c Rayfield 2012, p. 226.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 235.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 617.
- ^ David Marshall Lang. Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889: a documentary record Columbia University Press, 1957 (digitalised March 2009, originally from the University of Michigan), p. 142.
- ^ Valeri Silogava, Kakha Shengelia. "History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution" Caucasus University Publishing House, 2007 ISBN 978-9994086160 pp. 158, 278.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 120.
- ^ Bournoutian 1997, p. 91.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 2.
- ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 316.
- ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 318.
- ^ Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 3.
- ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 240.
- ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 243.
- ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 586.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 263.
- ^ Khatuna Kokrashvili (2020). Anti-Russian Demonstrations in Georgia in the First Half of the XIX Century (PDF). Rondeli Foundation. p. 6.
- ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 273.
- ^ Guria Uprising of 1841 // The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, Volume 13. — Academic International Press, 1976. — P. 201. — ISBN 0-87569-064-5
- ^ Gürbüz, Musa (2009). "Turkish Military Activities in the Caucasus Following the 1917 Russian Revolution: The Battle of Sardarabad and its Political Consequences". Review of Armenian Studies. 19–20: 112.
- ^ Chachkhiani, Archil (2014). Russia-Georgia Military-Political Relations and the Military Actions in Abkhazia and Black Sea Region (1918-1920) (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: The Academy of the Georgian National Defense Academy of David the Builder. pp. 144–149.
- ^ Political History of Russia. Vol. 5. Nova Science Publishers. 1995. p. 89.
- ^ Kenez, Peter (1970). "The Relations between the Volunteer Army and Georgia, 1918-1920: A Case Study in Disunity". The Slavonic and East European Review. 48 (112). Modern Humanities Research Association: 407. JSTOR 4206242.
- ^ "Taman Army March of 1918". The Free Dictionary.
- ^ "Exactly 95 years ago, Georgian army left Sochi". Voice of America (in Georgian). 7 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ "Georgia troops seize Gagra, Ardagan". Civil Georgia. 1 May 1919. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ USA House of Representatives Select Committee on Communist Aggression (1955). Communist Takeover and Occupation of Georgia (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
- ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 392.
- ^ "Battle of Tamishi - Facing unexpected landing". Radio Freedom (in Georgian). 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
Bibliography
[edit]- Appian. The Mithridatic Wars.
- Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1976). Nakashidze, N.T. (ed.). История Царства Грузинского [History of the Kingdom of Georgia] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 133–135.
- Bournoutian, George A. (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation". In Hovannisian, Richard (ed.). The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Macmillan. pp. 81–107. ISBN 0-333-61974-9.
- Javakhishvili, Ivane (1949). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
- Javakhishvili, Ivane. ქართველი ერის ისტორია, წიგნი IV [History of the Georgian nation, book IV] (PDF) (in Georgian). pp. 30–32.
- Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81459-6.
- Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004254466.
- Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1780230702.
- Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) - Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I [History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
- Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780230306.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442241466.
- Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. ISBN 9789941906367.
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2010). Geschichte Georgiens (in German). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004184503.
- Allen, William (2023). A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000855302.
- Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
- Rakhmanalieva (1992). Тамерлан. Эпоха. Личность. Деяния. Москва: Гураш.
- Thomson, Robert W. (1996). Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
- Narimanishvili, Goderdzi; Shanshashvili, Nino (2018). Trialeti: Cultural and Historical Heritage, Ancient Sources and Prospects of Research. Georgian National Museum. ISBN 9789941279652.
- Frye, R. N. (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
- Baumer, Christoph (2021). History of the Caucasus. Volume one, At the crossroads of empires. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78831-007-9. OCLC 1259549144.
- Peacock, Andrew (2006). "Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries". Anatolian Studies. 56: 127–146. doi:10.1017/S0066154600000806. ISSN 0066-1546. JSTOR 20065551. S2CID 155798755.