Shrinathji Temple
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| Shrinathji Temple | |
|---|---|
 Gate of the temple | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Rajsamand |
| Deity | Shrinathji (form of Krishna) |
| Festivals | Krishna Janmashtami, Holi |
| Location | |
| Location | Nathdwara |
| State | Rajasthan |
| Country | India |
 | |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Heveli architecture inspired by Mewar |
| Creator | Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar |
| Completed | 1672 |
| Website | |
| https://www.nathdwaratemple.org/ | |
The Shrinathji Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shrinathji (a form of Krishna) located in Nathdwara.[1] It is considered an important pilgrimage centre by Vaishnavas.[2]
Legend and history
[edit]
The svarupam, the divine form of Shrinathji, is said to be self-manifested.[3] According to legends, Krishna self-manifested from a stone and emerged from the Govardhan Hills. In 1466, a Braj resident went to Govardhan Mountain to search for his lost cow when he saw the raised left arm of Shri Govardhanathji. He called other Braj residents to show this to them.
Then, an old Braj resident said Lord Shri Krishna protected the Braj residents, the cows of Braj, and Braj itself from the wrath of Indra by carrying Giriraj Govardhan on the finger of his left Consequently, the people of Braj worshipped his left arm. He is standing in the Lord Kandara and now only his left arm is being shown. No one should try to extract the form of God by digging a mountain. His form will be visible only when he wishes.[incomprehensible] For the next 69 years, the people of Braj used to bathe this upper arm with milk and worship it. An annual fair started being held there on Naga Panchami.
In 1535, a supernatural incident happened in the afternoon of Vaishakh Krishna Ekadashi. Amongst thousands of cows belonging to Saddu Pandey of Anyor village, near Govardhan Mountain, one belonged to the cow dynasty of Nandarayji, called Dhoomar. Every day at 3:00 p.m. she[who?] reached where the left arm of Shri Govardhan Nathji had appeared. There was a hole in which the cow returned a stream of milk from its udder. Pandey suspected the cowherd milked the Dhoomar cow in the afternoon, as the cow did not give milk in the evening. One day, he followed the cow to observe the situation; he saw the cow stood at Govardhan Hill and milk started flowing from its udders. Pandey was surprised; when he went near him, he saw the Mukharvind of Shri Govardhan Nathji. On the same day, Shri Vallabhacharya appeared in Champaran, Chhattisgarh. Shri Govardhannathji said to Pandey - "My name is Devdaman, and my other names are Indradaman and Nagdaman." Pandey's wife, Bhavani, and daughter, Naron, used to go to Devdaman daily to get the milk of Dhoomar cow, for healing.
Historically, the image of Shrinathji was first worshipped at Govardhan hill, near Mathura. The image was moved from Mathura in 1672 CE along the river Yamuna and was retained at Agra for almost six months to safeguard it from the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb. Subsequently, the image was transferred further south via chariot to a safer place, to protect it from destruction by Aurangzeb. When the deity reached the spot at village Sihad, the wheels of the bullock cart in which the deity was being transported sank axle-deep in mud and could not be moved any further. The accompanying priests realised that this place was the Lord's chosen spot and thus, a temple was built there under the rule and protection of the then Maharana Raj Singh of Mewar.[4] Shrinathji Temple is also known as 'Haveli of Shrinathji' (mansion).[5] The temple was built by Goswami Damodar Das Bairagi in 1672.[6]
Holkar's attack and Shrinathji's rescue by Maharana
[edit]In 1802, Jaswant Rao Holkar moved to Mewar after being defeated by Daulat Rao Sindhia and advanced towards Nathdwara to plunder the town and the temple. News of Holkar's march was received in Nathdwara and Goswamiji asked Maharana Bhim Singh for help. An escort was sent of Thakurs of Delwara, Kunthwa, Argya, Mohi, Kothariya to escort the deity to Udaipur. Goswamiji reached Udaipur with the image of Shrinathji, Navin Priyaji, and Vitthal Nathji on 29 January 1802.[7] At Unawas, Thakur Vijay Singh of Kothariya and his men fought with Holkar's army and were killed in battle. Holkar's army soon reached Nathdwara. Holkar's men first plundered the town mercilessly and then demanded 10 Lakh rupees. With the mediation of Seth Balachand, the amount was brought down to 1 Lakh. Singhvi Motichand was sent to negotiate further, but Holkar arrested him, broke the locks of the temple, and looted the valuables. Holkar's army then plundered the entire district before marching to Banera.[8]
Later, Shrinathji temple at Ghasiyar was built, where the deity was shifted from Udaipur. After a few years, the deity was returned to Nathdwara. The temple of Shrinathji at Ghasiyar is still open.[9]
In 1934, an order was issued by the Udaipur King, Darbar, by which, among other things, declared that all property dedicated, presented, or otherwise coming to the deity Shrinathji was property of the shrine. The Tilkayat Maharaj and the manager and trustee of the property were merely custodians at the time; the Udaipur Darbar had absolute right to supervise that the 562 properties dedicated to the shrine were used for legitimate purposes.[10]
Legend
[edit]According to the hagiography of the Pushtimarg, Shrinathji travelled to Mewar to play chaupar (an antecedent to pachisi) with a princess called Ajab Kunvari. She was upset whenever Shrinathji would go back to Braj and asked him to stay with her in the palace. Shrinathji said that one day, when the time was right, he would re-locate to Rajasthan.
Presently, Shrinathji's worship is performed by direct male descendants of Vallabha in a haveli (lit. palatial home) in Nathdwara, Rajasthan.
Economy and livelihoods in Nathdwara town revolve around the haveli, the term used for the temple as it was situated in a fortified mansion, or haveli, once a royal palace of the Sesodia Rajput rulers of Mewar.
Shrinathji was popular with other medieval devotees as there were preachers who founded Shrinathji temples in present-day Pakistan (Dera Ghazi Khan). This was done by Shri Lal Maharaj Ji and his deity of Shri Gopi Nath Ji and Shri Dau Ji of Dera Ghazi Khan, earlier a part of undivided India and not far from here. Shrinathji was even worshiped as far away as Volga, Russia, and other places on the Central Asian trade routes.[citation needed]
Structure and design
[edit]The temple is designed in the lines of Nanda (Krishna's foster-father) temple, in Vrindavan. Therefore, it is also known as Nanda Bhavan or Nandalaya (the House of Nanda).
Structurally, a kalasha on the shikhara marks the top of the temple, on which seven flags are flown along with the Sudarshana Chakra. The seven flags represent the seven 'houses' of Pushtimarg or Vallabha Sampradaya. The temple is popularly called Shrinathji ki Haveli (House of Shrinathji). With the mood of worship in Pushti Marg, Shrinathji is not seen as an impersonal God so worship is not done in a temple. Shrinathji is seen as Thakorji, or lord of the House, or Haveli and seva (service) is offered, rather than worship. Like a regular household, it has a chariot for movement, a storeroom for milk (Doodhghar), a storeroom for betel (Paanghar), a storeroom for sugar and sweetmeats (Mishrighar and Pedaghar), a storeroom for flowers (Phoolghar), a functional kitchen (Rasoighar), a jewellery chamber (Gahnaghar), a treasury (Kharcha bhandaar), a stable for horses of chariot (Ashvashala), a drawing room (Baithak), and a gold and silver grinding wheel (Chakki). The chariot is the same one in which Shrinathji was brought to Singhar.
The Nathdwara temple has subsidiary temples dedicated to the deity Madan Mohanji and Navneet Priyaji, located in the main complex.
Image of Shrinathji
[edit]Shrinathji symbolises a form of Krishna, when he lifted the Govardhan hill, with one arm raised.[11] The image is made of black marble,[1] where the image is revealed with his left hand raised and the right hand forming a fist at the waist, with a large diamond placed beneath the lips. The deity is carved in bas-relief out of a monolithic black marble stone, with images of two cows, one lion, one snake, two peacocks, and one parrot engraved on it, with three sages placed near it.[12]
The iconography at the temple has given birth to Nathdwara Paintings.[2]
Festivals and rituals
[edit]Devotees fill the shrine during occasions like Janmashtami, Holi, and Diwali. The deity is treated like a living image, and is attended with daily functions, like bathing, dressing, meals called "bhog", and resting in regular intervals. Since the deity is believed to be the infant, special care is taken. The priests in all Havelis are Brahmins under Gurus who are the kula (descendants) of Vallabha, the founder of this deity's image at Govardhan hill, near Mathura.
The main attractions are the Aartis and the Shringar, i.e. the dressing and beautifying of the deity of Shrinathji, which is changed seven times daily and treated as a living person. It is adorned with the clothes appropriate for the time of day or night. The intricately woven shaneels and silk cloth have original zari and embroidery work on them, with large quantities of precious jewellery. The formal prayers are offered with diya, incense sticks, flowers, fruit, and other offerings, with local instruments and devotional songs of the Shrinathji, according to the demand of the time and occasion.[13] The view of the deity after the parda (curtain) is removed is called jhakhi.[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Temple of Doodh". The Economic Times. 15 August 2002. Archived from the original on 3 August 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ a b Jain, Kajri (2007). Gods in the bazaar: the economies of Indian calendar art. Duke University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0822339267.
- ^ Kapoor, Subodh (2002). The Indian Encyclopaedia: Meya-National Congress (Volume 16). Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 5140. ISBN 8177552732.
- ^ Roma Bradnock, Robert Bradnock (2001). Rajasthan & Gujarat handbook: the travel guide. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 203. ISBN 190094992X.
- ^ "VISUAL ARTS: Textiles for the delight and delectation of the faithful". Tribune. 5 March 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Celebrating Nathdwara paintings". The Times of India. 30 November 2008. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "History:: Attack on Nathdwara & Arrival of Lord at Udaipur-Ghasiyar | Shrinathji Temple, Nathdwara".
- ^ Prof. K. S Gupta, Mewar and Maratha relations, Book Treasure. Jodhpur, p150
- ^ "History :: Attack on Nathdwara & Arrival of Lord at Udaipur-Ghasiyar | Shrinathji Temple, Nathdwara".
- ^ "Tilkayat Shri Govindlalji ... vs The State Of Rajasthan And Others on 21 January, 1963". indiankanoon.org. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
- ^ "Krishna conscious". The Financial Express. 26 June 2005. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
- ^ "Nathdwar, Temple, Krishna, Rajasthan". Blessingsonthenet.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
- ^ "Shrinathji Temple Rituals & Timings". jüSTa. 28 September 2022.
- ^ "The quest to reach God". Daily News and Analysis. 6 March 2008. Retrieved 2 April 2012.