F:Flammable;
75-29-6Relevant articles and documents
Reaction of chloride ion with isopropyl bromide at atmospheric pressure by ion mobility spectrometry
Sahlstrom,Knighton,Grimsrud
, p. 1501 - 1508 (1997)
The SN2 nucleophilic displacement reaction of chloride ion with isopropyl bromide (i-PrBr) has been studied in nitrogen buffer gas at a pressure of 640 Torr over the temperature range 20-175°C by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). It is concluded that, under these conditions of relatively high buffer gas pressure, this nucleophilic displacement reaction occurs primarily by the distinctly two-step mechanism Cl- + i-PrBr ? Cl-(i-PrBr) → Br- + i-PrCl in which a thermal energy ion complex, Cl-(i-PrBr), is maintained in a state of chemical equilibrium with the reactants. An SN2 displacement reaction then occurs within the thermal energy cluster ion by its unimolecular conversion to products. Equilibrium constants, K1, and rate constants, k1, for Cl- + i-PrBr ? Cl-(i-PrBr) and Cl-(i-PrBr) → Br- + i-PrCl, respectively, are determined from the IMS spectra as a function of temperature. In addition, second-order clustering to form the ion complex Cl-(i-PrBr)2 is also observed, and equilibrium constants, K2, for this process are also obtained from IMS spectra. By these measurements, the major features of the potential energy surface for this reaction are characterized and place its SN2 transition state at 1.6 kcal mol-1 above the energy of the reactants.
Reactive and organosoluble anatase nanoparticles by a surfactant-free nonhydrolytic synthesis
Aboulaich,Boury,Mutin
, p. 4519 - 4521 (2010)
Unaggregated anatase nanoparticles with controlled sizes are obtained by non hydrolytic reaction of titanium(IV) chloride with a stoichiometric amount of diisopropyl ether, in the absence of surfactant or coordinating solvent. The nanoparticles can be modified by a phosphonic acid or can form monolayers by reaction with an hydroxylated substrate.
Reactive and organosoluble SnO2 nanoparticles by a surfactant-free non-hydrolytic sol-gel route
Aboulaich, Abdelhay,Boury, Bruno,Mutin, P. Hubert
, p. 3644 - 3649 (2011)
Reactive SnO2 nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a simple non-hydrolytic sol-gel synthesis in CH2Cl2 t 110 °C by using SnCl4 as a precursor and diisopropyl ether iPr 2O) as an oxygen donor. The SnO2 nanocrystals, with a iameter of about 4 nm, formed stable sols in organic aprotic olvents in the absence of any surfactant or coordinating gent. The lack of aggregation has been attributed to the resence of Cl and OiPr surface groups instead of OH roups. These surface groups render the nanoparticles reactive towards hydroxylated surfaces, as shown by their reaction with an oxidized silicon wafer; the nanoparticles bind niformly across the wafer to form a monolayer.
METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF 2-CHLOROPROPANE
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Paragraph 0043; 0044; 0045; 0046; 0047; 0055, (2019/02/09)
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for the synthesis of 2-chloropropane that can prevent the deterioration of propylene conversion rates for a long time. SOLUTION: A method for the synthesis of 2-chloropropane includes synthesizing 2-chloropropane by reacting a source gas containing propylene and hydrochloric acid in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst. In the method, a moisture content of the source gas is adjusted to 400 ppm-1500 ppm for the reaction. SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1 COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPOandINPIT
METHODS AND SYSTEMS TO FORM PROPYLENE CHLOROHYDRIN AND PROPYLENE OXIDE
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Paragraph 164, (2019/01/05)
There are provided methods and systems to form propylene chlorohydrin by hydrolysis of 1,2-dichloropropane and to further form propylene oxide from propylene chlorohydrin.
Preparation method of ametryn
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Paragraph 0038; 0039, (2018/09/21)
The invention provides a method for preparing ametryn through a green salt-free technology. The method comprises the following step: under the action of a catalyst, enabling atrazine and methanethiolto react in isopropyl alcohol to prepare the ametryn. According to the method provided by the invention, the production and utilization of sodium thiomethoxide with an offensive odor are avoided; meanwhile, a catalyst with the offensive odor, i.e., trimethylamine hydrochloride, is not used, and the environment-friendly catalyst is used, so that the odor can be avoided radically and the quality ofa product and the environment of a production site are extremely improved; meanwhile, industrial salt is not generated; the method is environmentally friendly and the environment protection cost is greatly reduced.
Ethers as Oxygen Donor and Carbon Source in Non-hydrolytic Sol–Gel: One-Pot, Atom-Economic Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO2–Carbon Nanocomposites
Escamilla-Pérez, Angel Manuel,Louvain, Nicolas,Boury, Bruno,Brun, Nicolas,Mutin, P. Hubert
supporting information, p. 4982 - 4990 (2018/03/06)
Mesoporous TiO2–carbon nanocomposites were synthesized using an original non-hydrolytic sol–gel (NHSG) route, based on the reaction of simple ethers (diisopropyl ether or tetrahydrofuran) with titanium tetrachloride. In this atom-economic, solvent-free process, the ether acts not only as an oxygen donor but also as the sole carbon source. Increasing the reaction temperature to 180 °C leads to the decomposition of the alkyl chloride by-product and to the formation of hydrocarbon polymers, which are converted to carbon by pyrolysis under argon. The carbon–TiO2 nanocomposites and their TiO2 counterparts (obtained by calcination) were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, XRD, solid state 13C NMR and Raman spectroscopies, SEM, and TEM. The nanocomposites are mesoporous with surface areas of up to 75 m2 g?1 and pore sizes around 10 nm. They are composed of aggregated anatase nanocrystals coated by an amorphous carbon film. Playing on the nature of the ether and on the reaction temperature allows control over the carbon content in the nanocomposites. The nature of the ether also influences the size of the TiO2 crystallites and the morphology of the nanocomposite. To further characterize the carbon coating, the behavior of the carbon-TiO2 nanocomposites and bare TiO2 samples toward lithium insertion–deinsertion was investigated in half-cells. This simple NHSG approach should provide a general method for the synthesis of a wide range of carbon–metal oxide nanocomposites.
Allowing the direct interaction of: N -aryl α-diimines with a high valent metal chloride: One-pot WCl6-promoted formation of quinoxalinium salts
Bartalucci, Niccolò,Bortoluzzi, Marco,Funaioli, Tiziana,Marchetti, Fabio,Pampaloni, Guido,Zacchini, Stefano
supporting information, p. 12780 - 12784 (2017/10/13)
The full potential of a high valent metal chloride as both a chlorinating and an oxidative agent was explored by allowing WCl6 to react with N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) α-diimines, in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. These α-diimines underwent unprecedented conversion to quinoxalinium cations via intramolecular C-N coupling.
Continuous-Flow Multistep Synthesis of Cinnarizine, Cyclizine, and a Buclizine Derivative from Bulk Alcohols
Borukhova, Svetlana,Nol, Timothy,Hessel, Volker
, p. 67 - 74 (2016/01/16)
Cinnarizine, cyclizine, buclizine, and meclizine belong to a family of antihistamines that resemble each other in terms of a 1-diphenylmethylpiperazine moiety. We present the development of a four-step continuous process to generate the final antihistamines from bulk alcohols as the starting compounds. HCl is used to synthesize the intermediate chlorides in a short reaction time and excellent yields. This methodology offers an excellent way to synthesize intermediates to be used in drug synthesis. Inline separation allows the collection of pure products and their immediate consumption in the following steps. Overall isolated yields for cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative are 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1. The incredible bulk: Bulk alcohols are converted continuously into chlorides using HCl in a microflow. A reaction network that consists of four steps and two inline separations leads to the continuous preparation of cinnarizine, cyclizine, and a buclizine derivative with yields of 82, 94, and 87 %, respectively. The total residence time for the four steps is 90 min with a productivity of 2 mmol h-1.
Hydrogen Chloride Gas in Solvent-Free Continuous Conversion of Alcohols to Chlorides in Microflow
Borukhova, Svetlana,No?l, Timothy,Hessel, Volker
supporting information, p. 568 - 573 (2016/03/04)
Chlorides represent a class of valuable intermediates that are utilized in the preparation of bulk and fine chemicals. An earlier milestone to convert bulk alcohols to corresponding chlorides was reached when hydrochloric acid was used instead of toxic and wasteful chlorinating agents. This paper presents the development of an intensified solvent-free continuous process by using hydrogen chloride gas only. The handling of corrosive hydrogen chloride became effortless when the operating platform was split into dry and wet zones. The dry zone is used to deliver gas and prevent corrosion, while the wet zone is used to carry out the chemical transformation. The use of gas instead of hydrochloric acid allowed a decrease in hydrogen chloride equivalents from 3 to 1.2. In 20 min residence time, full conversion of benzyl alcohol yielded 96 wt % of benzyl chloride in the product stream. According to green chemistry and engineering principles, the developed process is of an exemplary type due to its truly continuous nature, no use of solvent and formation of water as a sole byproduct.
