Summary:- Mass, Weight, Density or Specific Gravity of water at various temperatures C and thermal coefficient of expansion of water
Properties of Water
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Density, sg of water at different temps
 
[density & sg of pure & tap water] [density/0.1°C] [coeff. expansion of water]
[seawater] [steam]

  • At 4°C pure water has a density (weight or mass) of about 1 g/cu.cm, 1 g/ml,
    1 kg/litre, 1000 kg/cu.m, 1 tonne/cu.m or 62.4 lb/cu.ft

  • At 4°C pure water has a specific gravity of 1. ( Some reference the s.g. base temperature as 60F.)

  • Water is essential for life. Most animals and plants contain more than 60 % water by volume.

  • More than 70 % of the Earth's surface is covered with about 1.36 billion cubic kilometers of water / ice

  • The density of pure water is a constant at a particular temperature, and does not depend on the size of the sample. That is, it is an intensive property. The density of water varies with temperature and impurities.

  • Water is the only substance on Earth that exists in all three physical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.

  • When water freezes it expands rapidly adding about 9 % by volume. Fresh water has a maximum density at around 4° Celsius. Water is the only substance where the maximum density does not occur when solidified. As ice is lighter than water, it floats.

  • Water has a very simple atomic structure. This structure consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom - H2O

  • Note; kg/m3 divided by 16.02 = lbs/cu.ft. kg/m3 divided by 1,000 = g/ml
    Convert g/cm3 = g/cc = g/ml = g/mL - they are all the same.

Table of Density of Pure & Tap* Water and Specific Gravity

Temp
 ( °C )
Density
 pure
water
( g/cm3 )
Density
pure water
( kg/m3 )
Density
tap
water
( g/cm3 )
Density
pure
water
lb/cu.ft
Specific Gravity
 4°C reference
Specific
Gravity
60°F
reference
0 (solid)
0.9150
915.0
-
-
0.915
-
0 (liquid)
0.9999
999.9
0.99987
62.42
0.999
1.002
4
1.0000
1000
0.99999
62.42
1.000
1.001
20
0.9982
998.2
0.99823
62.28
0.998
0.999
40
0.9922
992.2
0.99225
61.92
0.992
0.993
60
0.9832
983.2
0.98389
61.39
0.983
0.985
80
0.9718
971.8
0.97487
60.65
0.972
0.973
100 (gas)
0.0006
-
-

* This is for average, clean drinking water. It will vary from area to area.

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Other useful sections
 
To use the table below, run down the left column for whole degrees then move across for tenths of a degree.
For example, the row/column shaded in yellow shows the density of pure water at 17.7°C = 0.998650 grams/cm3

Density of Water (g/cm3) at Temperatures from 0°C (liquid state) to 30.9°C by 0.1°C inc.

thanks to Chuck Snelling

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 0.999841 0.999847 0.999854 0.999860 0.999866 0.999872 0.999878 0.999884 0.999889 0.999895
1 0.999900 0.999905 0.999909 0.999914 0.999918 0.999923 0.999927 0.999930 0.999934 0.999938
2 0.999941 0.999944 0.999947 0.999950 0.999953 0.999955 0.999958 0.999960 0.999962 0.999964
3 0.999965 0.999967 0.999968 0.999969 0.999970 0.999971 0.999972 0.999972 0.999973 0.999973
4 0.999973 0.999973 0.999973 0.999972 0.999972 0.999972 0.999970 0.999969 0.999968 0.999966
5 0.999965 0.999963 0.999961 0.999959 0.999957 0.999955 0.999952 0.999950 0.999947 0.999944
6 0.999941 0.999938 0.999935 0.999931 0.999927 0.999924 0.999920 0.999916 0.999911 0.999907
7 0.999902 0.999898 0.999893 0.999888 0.999883 0.999877 0.999872 0.999866 0.999861 0.999855
8 0.999849 0.999843 0.999837 0.999830 0.999824 0.999817 0.999810 0.999803 0.999796 0.999789
9 0.999781 0.999774 0.999766 0.999758 0.999751 0.999742 0.999734 0.999726 0.999717 0.999709
10 0.999700 0.999691 0.999682 0.999673 0.999664 0.999654 0.999645 0.999635 0.999625 0.999615
11 0.999605 0.999595 0.999585 0.999574 0.999564 0.999553 0.999542 0.999531 0.999520 0.999509
12 0.999498 0.999486 0.999475 0.999463 0.999451 0.999439 0.999427 0.999415 0.999402 0.999390
13 0.999377 0.999364 0.999352 0.999339 0.999326 0.999312 0.999299 0.999285 0.999272 0.999258
14 0.999244 0.999230 0.999216 0.999202 0.999188 0.999173 0.999159 0.999144 0.999129 0.999114
15 0.999099 0.999084 0.999069 0.999054 0.999038 0.999023 0.999007 0.998991 0.998975 0.998959
16 0.998943 0.998926 0.998910 0.998893 0.998877 0.998860 0.998843 0.998826 0.998809 0.998792
17 0.998774 0.998757 0.998739 0.998722 0.998704 0.998686 0.998668 0.998650 0.998632 0.998613
18 0.998595 0.998576 0.998558 0.998539 0.998520 0.998501 0.998482 0.998463 0.998444 0.998424
19 0.998405 0.998385 0.998365 0.998345 0.998325 0.998305 0.998285 0.998265 0.998244 0.998224
20 0.998203 0.998183 0.998162 0.998141 0.998120 0.998099 0.998078 0.998056 0.998035 0.998013
21 0.997992 0.997970 0.997948 0.997926 0.997904 0.997882 0.997860 0.997837 0.997815 0.997792
22 0.997770 0.997747 0.997724 0.997701 0.997678 0.997655 0.997632 0.997608 0.997585 0.997561
23 0.997538 0.997514 0.997490 0.997466 0.997442 0.997418 0.997394 0.997369 0.997345 0.997320
24 0.997296 0.997271 0.997246 0.997221 0.997196 0.997171 0.997146 0.997120 0.997095 0.997069
25 0.997044 0.997018 0.996992 0.996967 0.996941 0.996914 0.996888 0.996862 0.996836 0.996809
26 0.996783 0.996756 0.996729 0.996703 0.996676 0.996649 0.996621 0.996594 0.996567 0.996540
27 0.996512 0.996485 0.996457 0.996429 0.996401 0.996373 0.996345 0.996317 0.996289 0.996261
28 0.996232 0.996204 0.996175 0.996147 0.996118 0.996089 0.996060 0.996031 0.996002 0.995973
29 0.995944 0.995914 0.995885 0.995855 0.995826 0.995796 0.995766 0.995736 0.995706 0.995676
30 0.995646 0.995616 0.995586 0.995555 0.995525 0.995494 0.995464 0.995433 0.995402 0.995371
 
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9


The Expansion of Water at Various Temperatures

The following table shows the volume that 1 gram of water occupies as temperature varies. Data corrected for buoyancy and for the thermal expansion of the container.
Temperature (°C)
Volume (mL)
17.0
1.0022
18.0
1.0024
19.0
1.0026
20.0
1.0028
21.0
1.0030
22.0
1.0033
23.0
1.0035
24.0
1.0037
25.0
1.0040
26.0
1.0043

The thermal coefficient of expansion of water is 0.00021 per 1° Celsius at 20° Celsius.

The Specific Gravity of Seawater

The specific gravity of surface seawater ranges from about 1.020 to 1.029
At the bottom of the oceans the specific gravity increases up to about 1.070
The colder the seawater the more dense.
The saltier the seawater the more dense.
The salilinty changes the specific gravity far more than the temperature does.
Tropical fresh water, like in Gatun Lake on the Panama Canal, has a specific gravity of only 0.9954
The Red Sea, hot, landlocked and arid has a specific gravity of about 1.029



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last modified : 28 th. february 2015

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