Guinea-Bissau
 

to 24 Sep 1973   1967 (proposed colonial flag)   Adopted 24 Sep 1973   Map of Guinea-Bissau Hear National Anthem "Esta � a Nossa P�trai Bem Amada"  (This is Our Beloved Country) Text of National Anthem Adopted 24 Sep 1974 Constitution (16 May 1984) Capital: Bissau (Boe 1973-1974 [PAIGC]; Bolama 1879-1942) Currency: Communaut� Financi�re Africaine Franc (XOF); 1974-1997 Guinea-Bissau Peso (GWP); 1911-1974 Portuguese Guinea Escudo (GWE) National Holiday: 24 Sep (1973) Independence Day (Dia da Independ�ncia da Guin�-Bissau) Population: 1,833,247 (2018) GDP: $3.17 billion (2017) Exports: $328.1 million (2017) Imports: $283.5 million (2017)  Ethnic groups: Fulani 28.5%, Balanta 22.5%, Mandinga 14.7%,  Papel 9.1%, Manjaco 8.3%, Beafada 3.5%, Mancanha 3.1%, Bijago 2.1%, Felupe 1.7%, Mansoanca 1.4%, Balanta Mane 1%, other 1.8%, none 2.2% (2008) Total Active Armed Forces: 6,450 (2010) Merchant marine: 9 ships (2018) Religions: Muslim 45.1%, Christian 22.1%, animist 14.9%,  none 2%, unspecified 15.9% (2008) International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, AOSIS, APM, AU, BCEAO, BTWC, CCM, CD (observer), CEMAC,  CPLP, CTBT, CWC, ECOWAS, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, ICSID (signatory), IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA (signatory), ISA, ISESCO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OST, UN, UNCTAD, UNCLOS, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Guinea-Bissau Index Chronology 1446                       Portuguese explorer �lvaro Fernandes reaches Cabo                              Vermelho (Cabo Roxo) in modern Guinea-Bissau. 1456                       Sighted and claimed for Portugal by Alvise Cadamosto                              (Alvise da Ca' da Mosto)(b. c.1432 - d. 1488),                              later named Guinea Rivers of Cape Verde (R�os                              de Guin� do Cabo Verde). 1532                       Portugal claims the Bijag�s (Bissagos) Islands in                              modern Guinea-Bissau (not effected). 1588                       Manuel Lopes Cardoso from Cape Verde builds a                              Fort at Cacheu, fFrom 1590 the fort is named                              Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora do Vencimento. 1614                       Cacheu a Portuguese colony (subject to Cape Verde). 1644                       Captaincy of Cacheu (subject to Cape Verde). 1624 - 1630                Dutch occupation of Cacheu. 1675 - 1682                Company of Cacheu, Rivers and Commerce of Guinea                              (Companhia de Cacheu, Rios e Com�rcio da Guin�)                              founded to administer Cacheu. 1687                       Bissau settlement founded by the Portuguese;                              part of Cacheu to 1696.  3 Jan 1690 - 1703         Company of Cacheu and Cape Verde (Companhia de                              Cacheu e Cabo Verde) replaces the Company of                              Cacheu, Rivers and Commerce of Guinea. 15 Mar 1692                Captaincy of Bissau (subject to Cape Verde). Dec 1707 - Nov 1753        Bissau abandoned. Nov 1753                   Fortaleza de S�o Jos� Bissau built at Bissau. 1777 - 1786                Company for the Monopoly of Commerce in the Islands                              of Cape Verde, Bissau and Cacheu (Companhia para                              o Monop�lio do Com�rcio nas ilhas de Cabo Verde,                              Bissau e Cacheu). Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     British settlement at Bolama (Beaver's colony). 1834 - 1836                County of Guinea (Comarca de Guin�) of the                              Province of Cape Verde.  7 Dec 1836                District of Guinea (Distrito da Guin�)(composed of                              Bissau and Cacheu) of the Province of Cape Verde.  7 Dec 1852                United government at Bissau. 29 Apr 1878                Slavery abolished in Guinea (by 29 Apr 1858                              Portuguese royal decree). 18 Mar 1879                Bissau and Cacheu separated from Cabo Verde as                              Portuguese Guinea (Guin� Portuguesa). 25 Aug 1887                Convention between Portugal and France on the limits                              of Portuguese Guinea, signed in Paris 12 May 1886. 30 Dec 1926                Colony of Guinea (Col�nia da Guin�).              17 Apr 1931 -  6 May 1931  Loyal to the military junta in Madeira, which                               is sometimes styled as Rep�blica da Atl�ntida                              (see under Madeira). 11 Jun 1951                Portuguese Guinea overseas province of Portugal                              (Prov�ncia da Guin�). 23 Jan 1963 - 10 Sep 1974  Guinea-Bissau war of independence. 24 Sep 1973                Independence declared (State of Guinea-Bissau                              [Estado da Guin�-Bissau]). 10 Sep 1974                Independence recognized by Portugal 13 Mar 1977                Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Rep�blica da Guin�-                              Bissau). Guinea-Bissau (from 1879) Cacheu (1614-1879) Bissau (1696-1879) Bolama (1792-1793) Traditional State N'Gabu

Cacheu

Administrators (Feitor) 
c.1588                     Manuel Lopes Cardoso
29 Dec 1614 - 1615         Jo�o Tavares de Sousa
Jul 1615 � Apr 1619        Baltasar Pereira de Castelo-Branco
Jul 1619 � Jul 1620        Ant�nio Proen�a
Jul 1620 � 1620            Francisco de Moura                  (d. 1666)
1620 � Sep 1623            Francisco de T�vora
Sep 1623 � c.1625          ....
c.1625 � c.1632            Francisco Sodr� Pereira
163. - 1634                Francisco Nunes de Andrade
1634                       Domingos L�bo Reym�o
c.1635 - 163.              Manuel Ferreira de Brito            (d. 163.)
163. - 1641                Lu�s de Magalh�es
1641 - 1644                Gon�alo Gamb�a de Ayala (1st time)  (d. 1690)
Captains-major (Capit�o-Mor de Cacheu)
1644                       Paulo Barradas da Silva (acting)    (d. 1647)
1644                       Manuel Mendes Arnaut
                             (did not take office)
1644 - 1649                Gon�alo Gamb�a de Ayala (2nd time)  (s.a.)
1648 � 1649                Belchior Teixeira Cabral
                             (acting for Ayala)
1649 - 1650                Gaspar Vogado (acting)
1650 - 1654                Jo�o Carreiro Fidalgo
1655                       Manuel Pa�os de Figueroa
1655 - 1657                Francisco Pereira da Cunha
1658 - 1662                Manuel Dias Cotrim (Quotrim)
1662 - 1664                Ant�nio da Fonseca de Ornelas
1664 - 1667?               Jo�o de Carvalho Moutinho            (b. 1615 - d. 1686)
1667 - 1670?               Manuel de Almeida
1670? - 167.               Ambr�sio Gomes (acting)              (b. 1621 - d. 1679)
c.1671                     Pacheco de Melo
c.1671 - c.1673            Manuel Moniz de Mendon�a
c.1674 - 1676              Sebasti�o Vidigal da Rosa
1676 - 1682                Ant�nio de Barros Bezerra
                             (1st time)
1682 - 1685                Gaspar da Fonseca Pacheco
1685 - 1686                Jo�o Gon�alves de Oliveira
1686 - 1688                Ant�nio de Barros Bezerra
                             (2nd time)
1688 - 1689                Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca
1689 - 1690                Jos� Pinheiro da C�mara
1690 - 1691                Domingos Monteiro de Carvalho        (d. 1691)
1691 �  7 Jan 1692         Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (d. 1707)    
                             (1st time)
 7 Jan 1692 - 15 Mar 1694  Jos� Pinheiro da C�mara
1694 - 1706                Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1706 - Jun 1708            Paulo Gomes de Abreu e Lima          (b. 1664 - d. 17..)
1708 - 1715                ....
1710/12                    Manuel Lopes Lobo
171. - 1714                Manuel Ferreira da Fonseca           (d. 1714)
1714 - 171.                Jo�o Baptista (interim)
1716 - 1717                In�cio Lopes Ferreira                (d. 1717)
1717 - 1719                Ant�nio de Barros Bezerra, Jr.       (d. 1737) 
                             (1st time)
c.1720                     Jo�o Baptista         
c.Jan 1721 - Jun? 1721     Ant�nio de Barros Bezerra, Jr.       (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
c.Jul 1721 - c.May 1727    Pedro de Barros
c.Jun 1727 - af.Jul 1732   Jo�o Perestrelo
1732 - af.Sep 1736         Jo�o Pereira de Carvalho
bf.Jan 1737 - c.1740       Dami�o de Bastos
end? 1740 - c.1744         Manuel Pires Correia (1st time)
c.Jan 1744 - 1747          Dionyzio Carvalho de Abreu
1748 - 1751                Jo�o de T�vora                       (b. 1703 - d. 1752)
1751 - 1756                Francisco Roque Souto-Maior
                             (1st time)
bf.May 1756 - af.Jul 1758  Manuel Pires Correia (2nd time)
1758 - 1759?               Francisco Roque Souto-Maior
                             (2nd time)
c.Oct 1759 - 1761          Duarte Jos� Rodrigues (acting)
1761 - af.Apr 1765         Filipe Jos� Souto Matos
c.1765 - 1766/69           Sebasti�o da Cunha Souto-Maior
1766/69 � 1770             Bernardo de Azevedo Coutinho  
1770 - 1774                Jos� Vicente Pereira
1774 - 1780                Ant�nio Vaz de Ara�jo (acting)
 2 Jun 1781 - Dec 1783     Pedro Correia de Seabra
17 Dec 1783 -  7 Apr 1784  Ant�nio Teles de Meneses             (d. 1784)
bf.10 Jan 1784 - Jan 1785  Jo�o Pereira Barreto (1st time)
                           + Ambr�sio da Costa Alvarenga
                           (acting)
Jan 1785 - Apr 1785        Ant�nio Teles de Meneses             (d. 1785)
1785 - May 1786            Jo�o Pereira Barreto (2nd time)
May 1786 - af.Oct 1788     Lu�s Pedro de Ara�jo e Silva
af.1788                    Lopo de Almeida Henriques
May 1793 - 1797            Francisco Joaquim de Almeida
                             Henriques 
Dec 1797 - Mar 1801        Manuel Pinto de Gouveia
1801 - Feb 1803            Jos� Joaquim de Sousa Torv�o
Feb 1803 - 1804            Manoel Gon�alves dos Santos (acting)
1804                       Jo�o Pereira Barreto J�nior (ating)
1804 - 1811                Jo�o Ant�nio Pinto
16 Feb 1812 - 22 Aug 1814  Joaquim Jos� Rebello de Figueiredo
                             e G�is
22 Aug 1814 - Apr 1815     Triumvirate (in rebellion)
                           - Jo�o Pereira Barreto
                           - Manuel Gomes d'Oliveira
                           - Ant�nio de Miranda Carvalho
Apr 1815 - 1818            Jo�o Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim 
                             (1st time)
Dec 1818 -  9 Jul 1819     Jo�o Teles de Meneses Drumont        (d. 1819)  
1819 - 1821                Jos� Correia de Barros (acting)
Apr 1821 - 1823            Jo�o de Ara�jo Gomes
Dec 1823 - 1826            Jo�o Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim
                             (2nd time)
1826 - 182.                Ant�nio Torres da Veiga Santos
1829 - 18..                Jos� Joaquim Lopes de Lima           (b. 1797 - d. 1852)
1830 - 183.                Jo�o Cabral da Cunha Goodolfim
                             (3rd time)
30 Mar 1834 - 1835         Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (1st time)   (b. 1813 - d. 1859)
Governors of the Place of Cacheu (pra�a de Cacheu)
(subordinated to Bissau)
c.1835 - 1837              Jos� Ant�nio Ferreira
Aug 1838 - 18..            Delfim Jos� dos Santos
Oct 1842 - 1844            Ant�nio dos Santos Chaves
Aug 1844 - 1846            Jos� Xavier do Crato (1st time)      (b. c.1810 - d. 1890)
1846 - 1848                Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1848 - c.1849              Jos� Xavier do Crato (2nd time)      (s.a.)
c.1849 - 1852              .....
1852 - c.1854              Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (3rd time)   (s.a.)
1864 - 1865                Joaquim Alberto Marques
c.1868 - c.1871            Jo�o Carlos Cordeiro L�bo de Almeida
                             Neto Fortes

Bissau

Captains-major (Capit�o-Mor de Bissau)
15 Mar 1692 - 1694         Jos� Pinheiro da C�mara (1st time)
1694 - 1696                Santos de Vidigal Castanho           (d. 1707)
1696 - 1699                Jos� Pinheiro da C�mara (2nd time)
1699 - 1707                Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca 
Dec 1707 � Nov 1753        abandoned 
Nov 1753 - 1757            Nicolau de Pina de Ara�jo            (d. 1757)
1757 - c.1758              Bento Jos� Nogueira (acting) 
c.1758 - 1759              Manuel Pires Correia
1759 - 17..                Duarte Jos� R�is
1761 - 176.                Crist�v�o Fernandes Lopes Godinho
                             Sanches
c.1763 - 17..              Filipe Jos� de Souto-Maior
1766 - 1775                Sebasti�o da Cunha Souto-Maior
1775 - 1790                In�cio Xavier Bai�o
                             (acting to 8 Apr 1775)
1790 - 1792?               Alexandre Manuel
1792 -  4 May 1793         Domingos de Veiga Esc�rcio (1st time)
                             (acting)
 4 May 1793 - Jun 1793     Jos� Ant�nio Pinto (1st time)
Jun 1793 - Nov 1793        Domingos de Veiga Esc�rcio (2nd time)
                             (acting)
Nov 1793 - 1799            Jos� Ant�nio Pinto (2nd time)
1799 - 1800                Jo�o das Neves Le�o
Jun 1800 - 1802            Jos� Calazans Pereira de Sousa Pinto
Feb 1803 - Jul 1804        Ant�nio Cardoso de Faria             (d. 1804)
Jul 1804 - Feb 1805        Ant�nio Cardoso de Figueiredo e Melo
                             (1st time)
18 Feb 1805 - Jul 1811     Manuel Pinto de Gouveia
Jul 1811 - 181.            Ant�nio Cardoso de Figueiredo e Melo
                             (2nd time)
Dec 1815 - Jan 1823        Jo�o Higino Curvo Semedo
Apr 1823 - 1825            Joaquim Ant�nio de Matos (1st time)  (b. 1788 - d. 1843)
Dec 1825 - May 1826        Domingos Alves de Abreu Picaluga
1826 - 1827                Joaquim Ant�nio de Matos (2nd time)  (s.a.)
18 Jan 1827 - 1829         Francisco Jos� Muacho
c.1829 � Jul 1830          Caetano Jos� Nozolini (1st time)     (b. 1800 - d. 1850)
Jul 1830 - 1834            Joaquim Ant�nio de Matos (3rd time)  (s.a.)
1834 � 1835                Caetano Jos� Nozolini (2nd time)     (s.a.)
                             (sub-prefect of Bissau)
1835                       Jo�o Jos� Ant�nio Frederico          (b. 1799 - d. 1846)
                             (sub-prefect of Bissau)
Governors of Bissau
1835 - 1836                Joaquim Ant�nio de Matos (4th time)  (s.a.)
                             (acting from Dec 1835)
1836 -  8 Jan 1837         Jo�o Eleut�rio da Rocha Vieira       (d. 1837)
Jan 1837 - Mar? 1837       Jos� Ant�nio Ferreira de Martins
13 Mar 1837 � 27 Jul 1839  Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (1st time)   (b. 1813 - d. 1859)
                             (interim)
Jul 1839 - 1840            Jos� Gon�alves Barbosa (1st time)
1840 - 1841                Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (2nd time)   (s.a.)
1841 - 1842                Jos� Paulo Machado
1842                       Alois da Rola Dziezaski (1st time)  
1842 - 1843                Ant�nio Tavares da Veiga Santos
1843                       Antonio Jos� Torres
1843 - 1844                Jos� Maria Coelho
1844 - 1845                Alois da R�la Dziezaski (2nd time)
1845 - 1847                Joaquim de Azevedo Alpoim
1847 - 1848                Carlos Maximiliano de Sousa          (b. 1811 - d. 1867)
1848 - 1850                Caetano Jos� Nozolini (3rd time)     (s.a.)
1850 - 1851?               Nicolau Monteiro de Macedo (acting)  (b. 1816 - d. 18..)
1851 - 1852?               Alois da R�la Dziezaski (2nd time)
1852                       Lib�nio Evangelista dos Santos       (b. c.1815 - d. 18..)
1852 - 1853                Jos� Maria L�bo de �vila             (b. 1817 - d. 1889)
1853                       Francisco Alberto de Azevedo (acting)
1853                       Diogo Maria Morais
1853                       Jos� Maria Correia da Silva
1853 � 1854                Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (3rd time)   (s.a.)    
1854                       Pedro Henriques Rom�o Ferreira
1855 - 1858                Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (4th time)   (s.a.)
19 Apr 1858 - 1858         Ant�nio Pereira Mousinho de          (b. 1829 - d. 1858)
                             Albuquerque Cota Falc�o
1858                       Jo�o Jos� Corsino Peres (1st time)
                             (acting)
1858 - 16 Apr 1859         Hon�rio Pereira Barreto (5th time)   (s.a.)
16 Apr 1859 - 25 Feb 1860  Jo�o Jos� Corsino Peres (2nd time)
                             (acting)
25 Feb 1860 - 25 Feb 1862  Ant�nio C�ndido Zagallo              (b. c.1820 - d. 1862)
Feb 1862 - 28 Mar 1863     Ant�nio Maria Maurity (acting)       (b. 1817 - d. 1868)
1863 - 1868                Joaquim Alberto Marqu�s (1st time)
1864 - 1865                Jos� Xavier de Crato                 (b. c.1810 - d. 1890)
                             (acting for Marques)
1868                       Bernardo Jos� Moreira
1868 - 1869                Manuel Fortunato Meira
1869 � 24 Jan 1871         �lvaro Teles de Menezes Caldeira     (d. 1871)
                             Castelo-Branco e Vasconcelos
Jan 1871 - Jun 1871        Jos� Xavier do Crato (acting)        (s.a.)
30 Jun 1871 - 187.         Joaquim Alberto Marqu�s (2nd time)
187. - 1877                Joaquim Jos� Lobato de Faria         (b. 1828 - d. 1877)
c.1877 - 1879              Ant�nio Jos� Cabral Vieira           (b. 18.. - d. 1910)

Bolama

Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     British settlement on Bolama Island (Beaver's colony).
1814 - 1816                British found a factory, but are driven off by a Bijango raid.
1860                       U.K. declares Bolama (Bolola) River annexed to Sierra Leone.
21 Apr 1870                Arbitration by President U.S. Grant awards Bolama to Portugal.
 1 Oct 1870                Restored to Portugal.

Commander of Bolama
Jun 1792 - 29 Nov 1792     Philip Beaver                        (b. 1766 - d. 1813)
Factor of Bolama Factory
1814 - 1816                Joseph Scott
Administrators of Bolama River
Jan 1859 - 186.            David James Lawrence (acting)
bf.1866                    Brownlow Layard   
c.1867                     J.A. Smith
c.1868 -  1 Oct 1870       James Craig Loggie

Secretaries-general of the African Independence Party of Guinea-Bissau

(and to 1980, Cape Verde)(PAIGC)

22 Jul 1973 - 20 Nov 1977  Aristides Maria Pereira              (b. 1923 - d. 2011) 

                            (arrived in Bissau 19 Oct 1974)

20 Nov 1977 - 14 Nov 1980  Lu�s Severino de Almeida Cabral      (b. 1931 - d. 2009)

14 Nov 1980 -  7 May 1999  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira                 (b. 1939 - d. 2009)

                         ("leading role" of the party abolished May 1991)

 

Governors

12 Jul 1879 - 20 Oct 1879  Augusto Frutuoso Figueiredo de Barros(b. 1851 - d. 1921)

20 Oct 1879 � 16 Dec 1881  Agostinho Coelho                     (b. 1828 - d. 1888)
17 Dec 1881 � 17 Mar 1885  Pedro In�cio de Gouveia (1st time)   (b. 1840 - d. 1897)
17 Mar 1885 � 24 Sep 1886  Francisco de Paula Gomes Barbosa     (b. 1849 - d. 1902)
24 Sep 1886 � Nov 1886     Jos� Eduardo de Brito                (b. 1839 - d. 1903)
Nov 1886 � Apr 1887        Augusto C�sar de Moura Cabral        (b. 1848 - d. ....)

                             (1st time) (acting)
 5 Apr 1887 � 30 May 1888  Eus�bio Castelo do Vale (acting)
30 May 1888 -  4 Sep 1888  Francisco Teixeira da Silva          (b. 1826 - d. 1894)
 4 Sep 1888 � 22 Feb 1890  Joaquim da Gra�a Correia e Lan�a     (b. 1856 - d. 1900)
22 Feb 1890 � 26 Jun 1891  Augusto Rog�rio Gon�alves dos Santos (b. 1842 - d. ....)

                             (interim)
26 Jun 1891 - 1895         Lu�s Augusto de Vasconcelos e S�     (b. 1842 - d. 1926)
24 Apr 1893 � 23 Oct 1893  C�sar Gomes Barbosa (acting for S�)  (b. 1829 - d. ....)
1895 �  4 Apr 1895         Augusto C�sar de Moura Cabral        (s.a.)

                             (2nd time) (acting)     
 4 Apr 1895 - 24 Jan 1896  Eduardo Jo�o da Costa Oliveira       (b. 1847 - d. ....)
24 Jan 1896 � 25 Aug 1897  Pedro In�cio de Gouveia (2nd time)   (s.a.)
25 Aug 1897 � 22 Dec 1897  Augusto C�sar de Moura Cabral        (s.a.)

                             (3rd time) (acting)
22 Dec 1897 � 14 Mar 1900  �lvaro Herculano da Cunha            (b. 1864 - d. 1915)
                             (acting)
Oct 1898 � 17 Jan 1899     Albano Mendes de Magalh�es Ramalho   (b. 1869 - d. 1938)

                             (acting for Cunha)
 2 Nov 1899 �  7 Feb 1900  Fernando Augusto Liso de Santana 

                             (acting for Cunha)
14 Mar 1900 � 12 Jul 1900  Joaquim Jos� Duarte Guimar�es 

                             (acting)
12 Jul 1900 � 20 May 1903  Joaquim Pedro Vieira J�dice Biker    (b. 1867 - d. 1926)
 5 May 1901 � 1901         Ant�nio Alves de Oliveira 

                             (acting for Biker)
1901                       Joaquim C�rte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Biker)
1901 -  6 Dec 1901         Amadeu Gon�alves Guimar�es 

                             (acting for Biker)
20 May 1903 � 23 Jul 1903  Jos� Mateus Lapa Valente (1st time)  (b. 1851 - d. 19..)

                             (acting)
23 Jul 1903 �  9 Aug 1904  Alfredo Cardoso de Soveral Martins   (b. 1869 - d. 1938)
23 Apr 1904 � 1904         Joaquim C�rte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Martins)
1904                       Ant�nio Maria Marques Perdig�o 

                             (1st time)(acting for Martins)  
 9 Aug 1904 �  2 Feb 1905  Jos� Mateus Lapa Valente (2nd time)  (s.a.)

                             (acting)
 2 Feb 1905 � 13 Aug 1906  Carlos de Almeida Pessanha           (b. 1862 - d. 1907)
Jun 1905 � 13 Feb 1906     Jos� Mateus Lapa Valente             (s.a.)

                             (3rd time)(acting for Pessanha)
13 Aug 1906 � 29 Jun 1909  Jo�o Augusto de Oliveira Muzanty     (b. 1872 - d. 1937)
29 Jul 1907 � 18 Nov 1907  Joaquim C�rte Real Pires 

                             (acting for Muzanty)
15 Jul 1908 -  1 Dec 1908  Joaquim Jos� Duarte Guimar�es 

                             (acting for Muzanty)
29 Jun 1909 � 16 Aug 1910  Francelino Pimentel                  (b. 1867 - d. 19..)
12 Oct 1909 � 1910         Ant�nio Maria Marques Perdig�o 

                             (2nd time)(acting for Pimentel)   
23 Oct 1910 � 16 Aug 1913  Carlos de Almeida Pereira            (b. 1874 - d. 1948)
17 Mar 1912 � 23 Oct 1912  Sebasti�o Jos� Pereira

                             (acting for Almeida Pereira)
16 Aug 1913 � 22 Nov 1913  Sebasti�o Jos� Pereira (2nd time)

                             (acting)  
22 Nov 1913 � Apr 1914     Jos� Ant�nio de Andrade Sequeira     (b. 1876 - d. 1952)
                             (1st time)
14 Apr 1914 �  7 May 1915  Sebasti�o Jos� Barbosa (3rd time)

                             (acting)    
 7 May 1915 � 24 Aug 1915  Jos� de Oliveira Duque (1st time)    (b. c.1868 - d. c.1933)
24 Aug 1915 � 25 Aug 1915  Sebasti�o Jos� Pereira (4th time)

                             (acting)   
25 Aug 1915 � Jun 1916     Jos� Ant�nio de Andrade Sequeira     (s.a.) 
                             (2nd time)
Jun 1916 � 10 Jan 1917     Sebasti�o Jos� Pereira (5th time)

                             (acting)   
10 Jan 1917 � 13 Jul 1917  Manuel Maria Coelho                  (b. 1857 - d. 1943)
13 Jul 1917 �  9 Aug 1918  Carlos Ivo de S� Ferreira            (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
 9 Aug 1918 � 21 Apr 1919  Jos� de Oliveira Duque (2nd time)    (s.a.)
21 Apr 1919 � 31 May 1919  Jos� Lu�s Teixeira Marinho           (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
31 May 1919 � 16 Jun 1920  Henrique Alberto de Sousa Guerra     (d. 1959)
16 Jun 1920 � 21 Jun 1921  Sebasti�o Jos� Pereira (6th time)

                             (acting)   
21 Jun 1921 � 20 Dec 1926  Jorge Frederico V�lez Caro�o         (b. 1870 - d. 1966)
 1 Jun 1923 �  5 Apr 1924  Alfredo Vieira (acting for Caro�o)
20 Dec 1926 � 10 Apr 1927  Ant�nio Jos� Pereira Saldanha 

                             (acting)    
10 Apr 1927 - 17 Apr 1931  Ant�nio Leite de Magalh�es           (b. 1879 � d. 1944)

 1 Sep 1928 � Dec 1928     Jos� Manuel de Oliveira de Castro 

                             (acting for Magalh�es)
Oct 1929 � Dec 1929        Jos� Alves Ferreira                  (b. 1891 - d. 19..)

                             (acting for Magalh�es)
17 Apr 1931 -  8 May 1931  Jos� Alves Ferreira (interim)        (s.a.)
 8 May 1931 � 30 May 1932  Jo�o Jos� Soares Zilh�o              (b. 1887 - d. 1979)

30 May 1932 � 22 Mar 1933  Jos� de Ascen��o Valdez (acting)     (b. 1883 - d. 1947) 

22 Mar 1933 - 1940         Lu�s Ant�nio de Carvalho Viegas      (b. 1887 - d. 1965)

10 May 1933 � Sep 1933     Jos� Peixoto Ponces de Carvalho      (b. 1888 - d. 1954)

                             (acting for Viegas)
Aug 1936 � 1936            Jos� Salva��o Barreto 

                             (acting for Viegas)
1938 � 1938                Augusto Pereira Brand�o 

                             (acting for Viegas)    
1940 - 1941                Armando Augusto Gon�alves de Morais  (b. 1887 - d. 19..)  

                             e Castro (acting)                

 8 May 1941 - 25 Apr 1945  Ricardo Vaz Monteiro                 (b. 1891 - d. 1975)

25 Apr 1945 - 20 Jan 1949  Manuel Maria Sarmento Rodrigues      (b. 1899 - d. 1979)

1948                       M�rio Ribeiro da Costa Zanatti       (b. 1896 - d. 1969) 

                             (acting for Rodrigues)
1948 � 1949                Pedro Joaquim da Cunha e Meneses     (b. 1898 - d. 1978)

                             Pinto Cardoso (acting for Rodrigues)  
21 Jun 1949 - 13 Jun 1953  Raimundo Ant�nio Rodrigues Serr�o    (b. 1897 - d. 1988)

13 Jun 1953 �  3 Dec 1954  Fernando Pimentel (acting)
 3 Dec 1953 - 1956         Diogo Ant�nio Jos� Leite Pereira     (b. 1904 - d. 1973) 

                             de Melo e Alvim

1956 - 1957                �lvaro Rodrigues da Silva Tavares    (b. 1915 - d. 2011)

1957 � 1958                Abel de Castro Roque (acting)

1958 - 1962                Ant�nio Augusto Peixoto Correia      (b. 1913 - d. 1988)

1962 - 1964                Vasco Ant�nio Martins Rodrigues      (b. 1917 - d. 1983)

20 May 1964 - 1968         Arnaldo Schulz                       (b. 1910 - d. 1993)

20 May 1968 -  6 Aug 1973  Ant�nio Sebasti�o Ribeiro de Sp�nola (b. 1910 - d. 1996)

30 Aug 1973 - 27 Apr 1974  Jos� Manuel Bettencourt Rodrigues    (b. 1918 - d. 2011)

27 Apr 1974 -  2 May 1974  Ant�nio Eduardo Domingos Mateus da   (b. 1933 - d. 2021)  MFA

                             Silva (government officer)(acting)

 2 May 1974 -  7 May 1974  S� Gouveia (acting)

 7 May 1974 - 10 Sep 1974  Carlos Alberto Id�es Soares Fabi�o   (b. 1930 - d. 2006)

                             (government delegate of Junta of National Salvation)

President of the Council of State

24 Sep 1973 - 14 Nov 1980  Lu�s Severino de Almeida Cabral      (s.a.)               PAIGC

                             (arrived in Bissau 19 Oct 1974)

Presidents of the Council of the Revolution

14 Nov 1980 - 14 May 1984  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira (1st time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

14 May 1984 - 16 May 1984  Carmen Pereira (f) (acting)          (b. 1937 - d. 2016)  PAIGC

                             (president of the National People's Assembly)

President of the Council of State

16 May 1984 - 29 Sep 1994  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira (2nd time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

President

27 Sep 1994 -  7 May 1999  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira                 (s.a.)               PAIGC

Supreme Commander of the Military Junta

 7 May 1999 - 14 May 1999  Ansumane Man�                        (b. 1945 - d. 2000)  Mil

Presidents

14 May 1999 - 17 Feb 2000  Malam Bacai Sanh� (1st time)(interim)(b. 1947 - d. 2012)  PAIGC

17 Feb 2000 - 14 Sep 2003  Kumba Ial�                           (b. 1953 - d. 2014)  PRS

14 Sep 2003 - 28 Sep 2003  Ver�ssimo Correia Seabra (interim)   (b. 1947 - d. 2004)  Mil

28 Sep 2003 -  1 Oct 2005  Henrique Pereira Rosa (interim)      (b. 1946 - d. 2013)  Non-party

 1 Oct 2005 -  2 Mar 2009  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira (3rd time)      (s.a.)               PAIGC

 3 Mar 2009 -  8 Sep 2009  Raimundo Perreira (1st time)(interim)(b. 1956)            PAIGC

 8 Sep 2009 -  9 Jan 2012  Malam Bacai Sanh� (2nd time)         (s.a.)               PAIGC

 9 Jan 2012 - 12 Apr 2012  Raimundo Perreira (2nd time)(interim)(s.a.)               PAIGC

12 Apr 2012 - 10 May 2012  Mamadu Ture Kuruma                   (b. 1947)            Mil
                             (chairman of the Military Command)

10 May 2012 - 23 Jun 2014  Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo               (b. 1958 - d. 2020)  PAIGC
                             (transitional)

23 Jun 2014 - 27 Feb 2020  Jos� M�rio Vaz                       (b. 1957)     PAIGC;2015 None

27 Jun 2019 - 29 Jun 2019  Cipriano Cassam� (1st time)          (b. 1959)            PAIGC

                             (interim, in opposition)

27 Feb 2020 -              Umaro Sissoco Embal�                 (b. 1972)            Madem

28 Feb 2020 -  1 Mar 2020  Cipriano Cassam� (2nd time)          (s.a.)               PAIGC
                             (interim, in opposition)

Prime ministers

24 Sep 1973 -  7 Jul 1978  Francisco Mend�s                     (b. 1939 - d. 1978)  PAIGC

 7 Jul 1978 - 28 Sep 1978  Constantino Teixeira "Tchutcho Akson"(b. 19.. - d. 1988)  PAIGC 

28 Sep 1978 - 14 Nov 1980  Jo�o Bernardo Vieira                 (s.a.)               PAIGC

14 May 1982 - 10 Mar 1984  Victor Sa�de Maria                   (b. 1939 - d. 1999)  PAIGC

10 Mar 1984 - 27 Dec 1991  Post abolished

27 Dec 1991 - 26 Oct 1994  Carlos Correia (1st time)            (b. 1933 - d. 2021)  PAIGC

26 Oct 1994 -  6 Jun 1997  Manuel Saturnino da Costa            (b. 1942 - d. 2021)  PAIGC

 6 Jun 1997  - 3 Dec 1998  Carlos Correia (2nd time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC

 3 Dec 1998 - 19 Feb 2000  Francisco Jos� Fadul                 (b. 1953)            Non-party

19 Feb 2000 - 19 Mar 2001  Caetano N'Tchama                     (b. 1955 - d. 2007)  PRS

21 Mar 2001 -  9 Dec 2001  Faustino Fudut Imbali (1st time)     (b. 1956)            Non-party

 9 Dec 2001 - 17 Nov 2002  Alamara Ntchina Nhass�               (b. 1957)            PRS

17 Nov 2002 - 14 Sep 2003  M�rio Pires                          (b. 1949)            PRS

14 Sep 2003 - 28 Sep 2003  Vacant

28 Sep 2003 - 10 May 2004  Ant�nio Artur Sanh�                  (b. 1965)            PRS

10 May 2004 -  2 Nov 2005  Carlos Gomes J�nior (1st time)       (b. 1949)            PAIGC

 2 Nov 2005 - 13 Apr 2007  Aristides Gomes (1st time)           (b. 1954)            PAIGC

13 Apr 2007 -  6 Aug 2008  Martinho Ndafa Kabi                  (b. 1957)            PAIGC

 6 Aug 2008 -  2 Jan 2009  Carlos Correia (3rd time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC

 2 Jan 2009 - 10 Feb 2012  Carlos Gomes J�nior (2nd time)       (s.a.)               PAIGC

10 Feb 2012 - 12 Apr 2012  Maria Adiato Djal� Nandigna (f)      (b. 1958)            PAIGC

                             (acting)

12 Apr 2012 - 17 May 2012  Vacant

17 May 2012 -  4 Jul 2014  Rui Duarte de Barros (1st time)      (b. 1960)            Non-party

                             (transitional)
 4 Jul 2014 - 20 Aug 2015  Domingos Sim�es Pereira              (b. 1963)            PAIGC
20 Aug 2015 - 17 Sep 2015  Baciro Dj� (1st time)                (b. 1973)            PAIGC
17 Sep 2015 - 27 May 2016  Carlos Correia (4th time)            (s.a.)               PAIGC
27 May 2016 - 18 Nov 2016  Baciro Dj� (2nd time)                (s.a.)               PAIGC
18 Nov 2016 - 31 Jan 2018  Umaro Sissoco Embal�                 (s.a.)               PAIGC
31 Jan 2018 - 16 Apr 2018  Augusto Ant�nio Artur da Silva       (b. 1956?)           PAIGC
16 Apr 2018 - 29 Feb 2020  Aristides Gomes (2nd time)           (s.a.)               PRID
                             (in opposition 31 Oct - 8 Nov 2019,
                             and 28 Feb - 1 Mar 2020)
31 Oct 2019 -  8 Nov 2019  Faustino Fudut Imbali (2nd time)     (s.a.)               PMP
29 Feb 2020 -  8 Aug 2023  Nuno Gomes Nabiam                    (b. 1966)            APU-PDGB
 8 Aug 2023 - 20 Dec 2023  Geraldo Martins                      (b. 1964?)           PAIGC
20 Dec 2023 -              Rui Duarte de Barros (2nd time)      (s.a.)               Non-party

Territorial Disputes: a longstanding low-grade conflict continues in parts of Casamance, in Senegal across the border; some rebels use Guinea-Bissau as a safe haven. 

Party abbreviations: APU-PDGB = Assembleia do Povo Unido - Partido Democr�tico da Guin�-Bissau  (Assembly of the People United�Democratic Party of Guinea-Bissau, est.Nov 2014); Madem = Movimento para Altern�ncia Democr�tica (Movement for Democratic Alternation, democratic socialist, split from PAIGC, est.2018); PAIGC = Partido Africano da Independ�ncia da Guin� e Cabo Verde (AfricanIndependence Party of Guinea and Cape Verde, democratic socialist, formerly Marxist-Leninist communist and state party 1974-1991, to 1980 pro-union with Cape Verde, est.19 Sep 1956); PMP = Partido do Manifesto do Povo (Manifest Party of the People, est.2003); PRID = Partido Republicano para a Independ�ncia e Desenvolvimento (Republican Party for Independence and Development, split from PAIGC, est.Mar 2008); PRS = Partido da Renova�ao Social (Party for Social Renewal, social-democratic, est.12 Jan 1992); Mil = Military;

- Former parties: MFA = Movimento das For�as Armadas (Movement of Armed Forces, organization of lower-ranked left-leaning military officers, 1973-1976)

c.1250 - ...               Part of Mali.
13..                       Malinke (Mandinka) begin to rule at N'Gabu (or Gab�).
1546                       Autonomy from Mali.
1867                       Fulani rulers replace the Malinke.
1903?                      Suppressed by Portugal.

Rulers
c.1850                     Siibo
18.. - 1867                Mansa Janke Waali
1867 - 1881                Alfa Molo (Molo Egue)
1881 - 1883                Bakari Demba
1883 - 1903?               Alfa Musa Molo