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Malaysia States and Territories
| States: Johore
- Kedah - Kelantan
- Malacca (Melaka) - Negeri Sembilan [Inas - Jelebu - Jempol
- Johol - Ulu Muar - Rembau - Gunung Pasir - Sungai Ujong - Teraci - Tampin]-
Pahang - Penang
- Perak - Perlis
- Sabah - Sarawak
- Selangor - Terengganu - Territories:
Kuala Lumpur - Labuan - Putrajaya
- |
Party abbreviations: BN
= Barisan Nasional (National Front, conservative, Islamic
democratic, electoral bloc, led by
UMNO, other members incl. Gerakan, LDP 1989-2018, MCA,
MIC, PAS 1973-77, PBB, PBDS 1983-2004, PBRS 1994-2018,
PBS 1986-90 & 2002-18, PPP, PRS from 2004, SAPP 1994-2008,
BERJAYA 1975-91, SPDP from 2002, SNAP 1976-2004,
UPKO 1994-2018, SUPP, est.1973);
BERJASA = Barisan Jemaah
Islamiah Se-Malaysia "BERJASA" (Pan-Malaysian Islamic
Front, "Berjasa", nationalist, Islamist,
Islamic democracy, right-wing, split
from PAS, est.1977); DAP
= Parti Tindakan Demokratik/Minzhu Xingdong Dang
(Democratic Action Party, social-democratic, secular, mainly
Chinese, est.1966); Gerakan
= Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Malaysian People's
Movement Party, "Gerakan", centrist,
liberal, est.1968); GPS = Gabungan Parti Sarawak
(Sarawak Parties Alliance, Sarawak-based alliance,
center-right, Sarawak nationalist, split from BN, est.12
Jun 2018); Ind = Independent; LDP
= Parti Liberal Demokratik (Liberal Democratic Party,
mainly Chinese, Sabah regionalist, est.1989); MCA
= Malaysian Chinese Association/Persatuan
Chna Malaysia (Chinese minority, social conservative,
Tridemism, est.1949); MIC
= Malaysian Indian Congress/Kongres India
Se-Malaysia (Indian minority, social conservative,
nationalist, est.1946); PAN = Parti
Amanah Negara "AMANAH" (National
Trust Party "Amanah", Islamic
democratic, split from PAS, est.16 Sep 2015); PAS
= Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party,
Islamist, Islamic democracy, est.1951);
PBB = Parti Pesaka Bumiputera
Bersatu (United Bumiputera Heritage Party, Sarawak
regionalist, conservative, nationalist,
est.30 Apr 1973); PBRS
= Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (United Sabah People's
Party, Sabah non-muslim indigenous, split from PBS,
est.1994); PBS = Parti
Bersatu Sabah (United Sabah Party, Sabah regionalist,
est.1985); PCS = Parti Cinta Sabah (Love Sabah
Party, Sabah regionalist, est.28 Aug 2013); PGRS =
Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah "GAGASAN" (Sabah People's
Ideas Party, social democratic, multi-racial, Sabah
regionalist est.28 Aug 2013); PH =
Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope, est.22 Sep 2015);
PKR = Parti Keadilan
Rakyat (People's Justice Party, center-left, reformist,
anti-corruption, multiracial, est.4 Apr 1999);
PN = Perikatan Nasional (National
Alliance, social conservative, Islamic democratic,
electoral alliance of PPBM, BN, PAS, GBS and PBS, est.23
Feb 2020); PPBM =
Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia "BERSATU"
(Malaysian United Indigenous Party, "Bersatu",
centrist, Malay nationalist, social conservative,
Islamic democratic, anti-corruption,
est.8 Sep 2016); PPP =
Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia (People's Progressive
Party Malaysia, centrist, nationalist,
est.1953); SAPP = Parti
Majuh Sabah (Sabah Progressive Party, multi-racial,
est.1994); PRS = Parti Rakyat
Sarawak (Sarawak Peoples' Party, centrist, former SNAP,
est.2004); PWS = Parti Warisan Sabah "WARISAN"
(Sabah Heritage Party "Warisan," Sabah regionalist,
multi-racial, formerly Parti Pembangunan Warisan Sabah
[Sabah Heritage Development Party], est.17 Oct 2016);
SPDP = Parti Demokratik Progresif
Sarawak (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party,
est.2002); SUPP = Parti Rakyat
Bersatu Sarawak (Sarawak United People's Party, Sarawak
regionalist, multi-racial, leftist-centrist,
nationalist, est.1959); UMNO
= Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (United Malays
National Organization, mainly ethnic Malay, nationalist,
Ketuanan Melayu, social conservative, est.11 May 1946);
UPKO = United Pasokmomogun
Kadazandusun Murut Organisation/Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun
Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu (Sabah indigenous
non-Muslim party, conservative,
est.1961, reformed 1994); Mil =
Military;
- Former parties: BERJAYA
= Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah (Sabah
People's United Front, "BERJAYA",
Sabah regionalist, 1975-1991); PBDS
= Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Sarawak Native
People's Party, Sarawak regionalist, Dayak minority,
split from SNAP, 1983-21 Oct 2004, renamed PWS); Pesaka
= Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (Sarawak Native People's
Party, Ibans of Batang Rajang, Sarawak
regionalist, Aug 1962-30 Apr 1973, merged into
PBB); PKM = Persatuan Melayu Kelantan
(Kelantan Malay Association, Kelantan
regionalist, Malay nationalist, 1939-1946,
merged into UMNO); PKN
= Parti Keadilan Nasional (National Justice Party, centrist,
1999-2003, merged
into PKR); PKP = Parti
Kebangsaan Perak (Perak National Party, Perak
regionalist, split from UMNO, est.1953, renamed
Parti Demokratik Kebangsaan Perak [Perak National
Democratic Party]); PP
= Parti Perikatan (Alliance Party, national
conservative, coalition of UMNO,
MCA and MIC, 1952-1973, succeeded by
BN); PR = Pakatan
Rakyat (People's Alliance, social-democratic,
anti-UMNO alliance of PKR, PAS and DAP, 1 Apr 2008-16
Jun 2015); SCA =
Sabah Chinese Association/Persatuan Cina Sabah (founded
as Borneo Utara National Party "BUNAP," then Sabah
National Party "SANAP," 1965 renamed SCA 1962-1976);
SNAP = Sarawak National Party
"SNAP"/Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak (Sarawak regionalist,
Dayak minority, 10 Apr 1961-17 Jan 2013);
USNO = Pertubuhan Kebangsaan
Sabah Bersatu (United Sabah National Organization, Sabah
regionalist, 1961-1991)
Johor (Johore)
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![[Sultanate of
Johore 1855-1865 (Malaysia)]](my-johor1.gif "[Sultanate of Johore 1855-1865
(Malaysia)]")
![[Sultanate of
Johore flag 1865-1871 (Malaysia)]](mal_jo2.gif "[Sultanate of Johore flag 1865-1871
(Malaysia)]")
![[Sultanate of
Johore (Malaysia)]](my-01.gif "[Sultanate of
Johore (Malaysia)]")
![[Johore
Ceremonial State Flag (Malaysia)]](my-01_cs.gif "[Johore Ceremonial State Flag
(Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Johor Bahru Royal capital: Muar (Riau Bintan 1699-1721, 1787-1819; Kuala Pahang 1721-1787; Johor Lama 1526-1699) Administrative Capital: Iskandar Puteri (from 19 April 2009) |
Hear
State Anthem "Lagu Bangsa Johor" (Johore State Anthem) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 1897 (Lyrics from 1914) |
Population:
4,009,670 (2020); 784,695 (1949) |
| Former Military Force:
904 (1935, Johore Military Force) |
Former Salute: 17 guns |
Local Holiday: 23 Mar Sultan of Johor�s Birthday |
Constitution (14 Apr 1895/17 Jul 1918/1948) |
1400
Sultanate of Melaka (Malacca).
10 Aug
1511
Melaka annexed by Portugal; last sultan moves to Kampar.
1528/1564
Successor establishes Sultanate of Johor-Riau.
6 Feb
1819
Johor and Riau separate; Negeri dan Jajahan Takluk
Johor Darul
Ta'zim ("State and Occupied Territories of Johor,
the Abode of
Dignity") established.
3 Aug
1824
Sultan of Johor
cedes Singapore Island to Britain.
11 Dec 1885 - 31 Aug 1957 British protectorate (an
unfederated Malay state)(spelled Johore);
with
a British adviser from 1910.
31 Jan 1942 - 7 Sep 1945 Occupied by
Japan.
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Sultans�
3 Sep 1699 - Nov 1721
Abdul Jalil IV Riayat
Shah (b.
16.. - d. 1721)
1719 -
1723
Raja Kechil (usurper)
1721 - 20 Aug
1760
Sulaiman Badr ul-Alam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil
Riayat
Shah
(b. 1699 - d. 1760)
20 Aug 1760 - 29 Jan 1761 Abdul Jalil V Mu'adzam
Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah (b. 1738 - d.
1761)
29 Jan 1761 - 1761
Ahmad ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul
Jalil
(b. 1752 - d. 1777)
1761 - 12 Jan
1811
Mahmud III Shah Alam ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Jalil
Shah
(b. 1756 - d. 1811)
1761 - 1770
Daeng Kemboja -Regent
(b. 1745 - d. 1770)
1770 - 7 Feb 1787
Regency Council
1811 - 6 Feb
1819
Abdul Rahman Mu'adzam Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (b.
1780 - d. 1832)
6 Feb 1819 - 5 Sep 1835 Husain
Mu'adzam Shah ibni al-Marhum(b. 1776 - d. 1835)
Sultan Mahmud Shah
5 Sep 1835 - 10 Mar 1855 Ali Iskandar Shah
ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Husain Mu'adzam
Shah (b. 1820 - d. 1877)
(not recognized; rules at Muar to 20 Jun 1877)
Rulers, with the title Datuk Temeggong Seri
Maharaja
5 Sep 1835 - 31 Jan 1862 Tun Daeng Ibrahim
bin Tun Abdul (b. 1811 - d. 1862)
Rahman
1 Feb 1862 -
1868 Tun
Abubakar Seri Maharaja bin Tun
Ibrahim (from 17 Sep 1866,
(b. 1833 - d. 1895)
Tun Sir Abubakar Seri Maharaja bin
Tun Ibrahim)
Maharaja
1868 - 13 Feb
1886 Sir
Abubakar bin Tun
Ibrahim (s.a.)
Sultans�
13 Feb 1886 - 4 Jun 1895 Tuanku Sir
Abubakar bin Tun Ibrahim(s.a.)
4 Jun 1895 - 8 May 1959 Tuanku
Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum
Sultan
Abubakar
(b. 1873 - d. 1959)
(from 22 Jun 1897, Tuanku Sir Ibrahim
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abubakar)
8 May 1959 - 10 May 1981 Tuanku Sir Ismail
ibni al-Marhum
Sultan
Ibrahim
(b. 1894 - d. 1981)
11 May 1981 - 22 Jan 2010 Tuanku Mahmud Iskandar
ibni
al-Marhum Sultan
Ismail
(b. 1932 - d. 2010)
26 Apr 1984 - 25 Apr 1989 Tunku Ibrahim
Ismail -Regent
(b. 1958)
22 Jan 2010
-
Tuanku Ibrahim Ismail ibni
al-Marhum Sultan
Iskandar
(s.a.)
(regent to 23 Jan 2010)
31 Jan 2024
-
Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan
Ibrahim -Regent
(b. 1984)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1886 - 3 Jul 1919
Datuk Ja'afar bin
Mohamed
(b. 1838 - d. 1919)
3 Jul 1919 - 16 Jul 1920 Vacant
16 Jul 1920 -
1922
Datuk Mohamed bin Mahbob
(b. 1852 - d. 1923)
1922 - Sep 1923
Vacant
Sep 1923 - 16 Sep 1928 Abdullah
bin Ja'afar
(b. 1875 - d. 1934)
16 Sep 1928 - 23 Nov 1931 Mustapha bin
Ja'afar
(b. 1862 - d. 1946)
23 Nov 1931 - 28 Dec 1934 Datuk Abdul Hamid bin
Yusof (b. 1876 - d. 1934)
28 Dec 1934 - Apr 1935 Vacant
Apr 1935 - 1 Jun 1947
Ungku Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid (b. 1887 - d.
1951)
1 Jun 1947 - 18 May 1950 Onn
Ja'afar
(b. 1895 - d. 1962) UMNO
18 May 1950 - 20 Feb 1952 Vacant
20 Feb 1952 - 5 Jun 1955 Datuk Syed Abdul
Kadir bin Mohamed (b. 1900 - d. 1960) UMNO + PP
1 Oct 1955 - 16 Jun 1959 Datuk Wan Idris
bin Ibrahim (b. 1888 - d.
1973) UMNO + PP
27 Jun 1959 - 31 Jan 1967 Tan Sri Hassan Yunos
(b.
1907 - d. 1968) UMNO + PP
Feb 1967 - Apr
1982 Dato'
(from 4 Jun 1975, Tan Sri) (b. 1927
- d. 2007)UMNO+PP;1973 BN
Othman Saat
29 Apr 1982 - 12 Aug 1986 Datuk Abdul Ajib bin
Ahmad
(b. 1947 - d. 2011) UMNO + BN
12 Aug 1986 - 3 May 1995 Muhyiddin bin
Yassin
(b.
1947)
UMNO + BN
(from 1988, Tan Sri Muhyiddin bin Yassin)
3 May 1995 - 14 May 2013 Abdul Ghani
Othman
(b. 1946)
UMNO + BN
(from 13 Apr 1996, Dato' Abdul Ghani Othman)
14 May 2013 - 12 May 2018 Datuk
Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin (b. 1958)
UMNO + BN
12 May 2018 - 14 Apr 2019 Datuk
Osman Sapian
(b. 1951 - d. 2021)
PPBM + PH
14 Apr 2019 - 28 Feb 2020
Sahruddin
Jamal
(b. 1975) PPBM
+ PH
(from 22 Apr 2019, Datuk Sahruddin Jamal)
28 Feb 2020 - 15 Mar 2022 Datuk Haji Hasni bin
Mohammad (b.
1959)
UMNO + PN
(from 23 Mar 2021, Dato' Haji Hasni bin Mohammad)
15 Mar 2022 -
Datuk Onn Hafiz bin Dato'
Ghazi (b. 1979)
UMNO + PN
British General Advisers
1910 - 1911
Douglas Graham Campbell (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
1911 � 1912
John Bowen Elcum (acting)
(b. 1860 - d. 1945)
1912 �
1914
Douglas Graham Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
1915 - 1916
Frederick Joseph Weld (acting)
(b. 1870 - d. 1926)
1916 - 25 Jun 1918
Douglas
Graham Campbell (3rd time) (s.a.)
1918 -
1919
Frederick James Hallifax (acting) (b. 1870 - d.
1933)
1919 - 1920
John Fortescue Owen (acting)
(b. 1869 - d. 1942)
1920 - 1924
Hayes Marriott (1st time)
(b.
1873 - d. 1929)
1924
George Arthur Hereford
(acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1950)
1924
George Hemmant (acting)
(b. 1880 - d.
1964)
1924 -
1926
Hayes Marriott (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1926 -
1928
Charles Walter Hamilton Cochrane (b. 1876 -
d. 1932)
1928 -
1931
George Ernest
Shaw
(b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1931 -
1935
Richard Olaf
Winstedt
(b. 1878 - d. 1966)
1935 -
1940
Walter Evelyn
Pepys
(b. 1885 - d. 1966)
1940 -
1941
William Douglas Barron
(b. 1887 - d. 1970)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
Feb 1942 - 1942
Kojima Yoshinori
7 Mar 1942 - 20 Apr 1943 Masakichi
Itami
(b. 1883 - d. 1964)
20 Apr 1943 -
1943 Tai
Sunagawa
(b. 1886 - d. 1976)
1943 -
1945
Kenji Doihara
(b. 1883 - d. 1948)
1945 - 7 Sep
1945
Seishirō
Itagaki
(b. 1885 - d. 1948)
British Resident Commissioners
1945 - 1946
Mortimer Cecil Hay
(b. 1891 - d. 1981)
(civil affairs officer)
1 Apr 1946 - 1946
Arthur Sleep
(1st time) (acting) (b. 1894 - d.
1959)
1946 - Feb 1948
Eric Ernest Falk
Pretty
(b. 1891 - d. 1967)
(from 1948, British
Adviser)
Jan 1947 - Aug 1947
Wilfred Charles Steuart Corry
(b. 1900 - d. 1974)
(acting for Pretty)
Feb 1948 - Feb 1949
Arthur Sleep (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
Mar 1949 - Jul 1952
John
Falconer
(b. 1898 - d. 1990)
Jul 1952 - 26 Feb 1954 John
Douglas Hodgkinson (acting) (b. 1907 - d. 1954)
Sep 1953 - Nov 1953
John Kelly Creer
(b. 1908
- d. 1997)
(acting for Hodgkinson)
Mar 1954
Arthur Glencross (acting)
(b. 1908 - d.
1993)
Mar 1954 - Jan 1957
David Alford Somerville
(b. 1908 - d.
1974)
Jan 1955 - Jul 1955
Richard Laing
Peel
(b. 1914 - d. 2001)
(acting for Somerville)
�Full style of the
ruler:
(a) to 1855: Duli Yang
Maha Mulia Paduka Sri Sultan ("Sultan of
Malacca [1819 Johor]");
(b) from 1885: "By the grace of God
Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of
the State and Territory of Johor Darul
Takzim."
Kedah
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![[Kedah flag 18th cent. -
c.1821 (Malaysia)]](om-old.gif "[Kedah flag 18th cent. - c.1821
(Malaysia)]")
![[Kedah flag
c.1821 - 1912 (Malaysia)]](my-kd2.png "[Kedah flag
c.1821 - 1912 (Malaysia)]")
![[Kedah
(Malaysia)]](my-kd.gif "[Kedah (Malaysia)]")
![[Kedah State
Ensign 1930-1963 (Malaysia)]](my-kd-s.gif "[Kedah
State Ensign 1930-1963 (Malaysia)]")
![[Kedah Civil
Ensign 1930-1963 (Malaysia)]](my-kd-c.gif "[Kedah
Civil Ensign 1930-1963 (Malaysia)]")
- Late antiquity Kedah state founded.
- 1136 Negeri Kedah Darul Aman established.
- Sep 1660 - 1767 Under Thai sovereignty.
- 1767 - 1769 Under Burmese suzerainty.
- 1769 - 9 Jul 1909 Under Thai sovereignty.
- 12 Sep 1821 - 1843 Annexed by Thailand (division into three polities
- under Thai sovereignty from 1839).
- 1897 - 1909 Part of Thai Monthon (circle) of Saiburi (composed of Kedah, Perlis,
- and Satun).
- 9 Jul 1909 - 31 Aug 1957 British protectorate (an unfederated Malay state)(early spelling
- Quedah); Setul (Satun) is awarded to Thailand.
- 13 Dec 1941 - 18 Oct 1943 Occupied by Japan.
- 18 Oct 1943 - 4 Sep 1945 Annexed by Thailand (renamed Syburi); Thailand appoints a general-
-
commissioner to administer the Sirat Malai (Four Malay
States),
-
resident in Alor Star.
- 1 Apr 1946 Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
| Capital:
Alor Setar (Alor Setar 1735-2003, Alor Star 21 Dec 2003 - 15 Jan 2009; Kota Sena 1655-1661) Royal town: Anak Bukit |
Hear
State Anthem "Allah Selamatkan Sultan Mahkota" (God Save the Crowned Sultan) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 22 Mar 1937 (Lyrics from 1958) |
Population:
2,171,900 (2020) 582,838 (1949) |
| Former Military
Force: 571 (1935, Kedah Volunteer Force) |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 3rd Sun. in June Sultan of Kedah's Birthday |
Constitution (1948/1963) |
17 Nov 1698 - 22 Sep 1706 Abdullah al-Mu'adzam Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ata Allah
Muhammad Shah (b. 16.. - d. 1706)
(regent from 1682)
22 Sep 1706 - 15 Feb 1710 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah
al-Mu'adzam Shah (d. 1710)
22 Sep 1706 - 15 Feb 1710 Dato Maharaja Sura Tunku Embong
Raja Muda -Regent
15 Feb 1710 - 23 Sep 1778 Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Azilin
Mu'adzam Shah II ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdullah al-Mu'adzam Shah (d. 1778)
23 Sep 1778 - 1 Sep 1797 Abdullah Mukarram Shah III ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
Zainal Azilin Mu'adzam Shah (b. c.1750 - d. 1797)
1 Sep 1797 - 19 Sep 1803 Ziyauddin Mukarram Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa
Zainal Azilin Mu'adzam Shah (b. 1754 - d. 1815)
19 Sep 1803 - 12 Nov 1821 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II
ibni al-Marhum Abdullah
al-Mukarram Shah (1st time) (b. c.1757 - d. 1845)
(in Penang then Malacca exile to Jun 1842)
1823 - 1825 Tunku Kudin (d. 1831)
(in rebellion against Thailand)
18.. - 1839 Tunku Anum
(in rebellion against Thailand)
1839 - 1841 Tunku Asan (in Kabangpasu)
1841 - 1843 Tunku Anum (in Kabangpasu)
1839 - 1843 Tunku Setusen (in Polit)
1839 - Jul 1843 Muhammad Akip (in Satun) (d. 1843)
1843 - 3 Jan 1845 Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II
ibni al-Marhum Abdullah
al-Mukarram Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 Jan 1845 - 13 Mar 1854 Tuanku Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam
Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah (b. 1803 - d. 1854)
22 Oct 1847 - 13 Mar 1854 Tunku Muhammad Saat bin Tunku
Abdullah -Regent
13 Mar 1854 - 22 Jun 1879 Tuanku Ahmad Tajuddin III Mukarram
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah (b. 1835 - d. 1879)
22 Jun 1879 - 22 Sep 1881 Tuanku Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam
Shah II ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (b. 1857 - d. 1881)
22 Jun 1879 - 22 Sep 1881 Tunku Yakub ibni al-Marhum Sultan (b. af.1836 - d. 1898)
Zain al-Rashid al-Muazzam
Shah -Regent
Oct 1881 - 21 Jan 1882 Abdul Jalil ibni al-Marhum Sultan (b. 1864 - d. 1908)
Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah
(in dissidence)
22 Sep 1881 - 13 May 1943 Tuanku Seri Abdul Hamid Halim Shah
II ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (b. 1864 - d. 1943)
(from 19 Jun 1911, Tuanku Seri Sir
Abdul Hamid Halim Shah II ibni al-Marhum
Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah)
- Regents for incapacitated Abdul Hamid -
1914 - 30 Apr 1934 Tunku Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum (b. 1885 - d. 1934)
1934 - 7 Mar 1935 Tunku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum (b. 1890 - d. 1935)
1935 - 5 Nov 1937 Tunku Mahmud ibni al-Marhum (b. 1876 - d. 1937)
5 Dec 1937 - 13 May 1943 Tunku Badli Shah (b. 1894 - d. 1958)
(from 12 Jun 1941, Tunku Sir Badli Shah)
Sultans�
14 May 1943 - 20 Aug 1943 Sultan Tengku Sir Badli Shah ibni (s.a.)
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah (1st time)
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed to Thailand
8 Sep 1945 - 13 Jul 1958 Sultan Tengku Sir Badli Shah ibni (s.a.)
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Hamid
Halim Shah (2nd time)
14 Jul 1958 - 11 Sep 2017 Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (b. 1927 - d. 2017)
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Badlishah
21 Sep 1970 - 20 Sep 1975 Tunku Abdul Malik -Regent (b. 1929 - d. 2015)
13 Dec 2011 - 21 May 2014 Tunku Annuar -Regent (b. 1939 - d. 2014)
(chairman Council of Regency)
4 Jun 2014 - 12 Dec 2016 Tunku Sallehuddin -Regent (b. 1942)
(chairman Council of Regency)
12 Sep 2017 - Tunku Sallehuddin ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Badlishah (s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - Jan 1954 Mohamad
Sheriff bin
Osman
(b. 1890 - d. 1962) UMNO
1949 -
1951
Tunku Ismail bin Tunku
Yahya (b. 1907 - d.
1969) UMNO
(acting for Sheriff)
Jan 1954 - 24 May 1959 Tunku
Ismail bin Tunku
Yahya
(s.a.)
UMNO+PP
24 May 1959 - 7 Dec 1967 Datuk Syed Omar
Shahabuddin
(b. 1902 - d. 1967) UMNO+PP
14 Dec 1967 - 13 Jul 1978 Syed Ahmad
Shahabuddin
(b. 1925 - d. 2008) UMNO+PP;1973 BN
(from 1975, Datuk Syed Ahmad Shahabuddin)
13 Jul 1978 - 28 Jan 1985 Syed Nahar
Shahabuddin
(b. 1934 - d. 1998) UMNO+BN
(from 1979, Dato' Seri Syed Nahar Shahabuddin)
28 Jan 1985 - 16 Jun 1996 Dato' Paduka (from 25
Jan 1987,
Dato' Seri; from 5 Jun 1991, Tan
Sri) Osman
Aroff
(b.
1940)
UMNO+BN
16 Jun 1996 - 11 Dec 1999 Datuk Seri (from 7 Jun
1997, Tan
Sri) Sanusi
Junid
(b. 1943 - d. 2018) UMNO+BN
11 Dec 1999 - 22 Dec 2005 Syed Razak Syed
Zain
(b.
1944)
UMNO+BN
(from 4 Jan 2000, Dato' Seri Syed
Razak Syed Zain; from 9 Oct 2004,
Datuk Seri Syed Razak Syed Zain)
17 Jul 2005 - 9 Mar 2008 Datuk (from 22
Jan 2006, Datuk (b.
1960)
UMNO+BN
Seri) Mahdzir Khalid
(acting [for Syed Razak to 22 Dec 2005] to 28 Dec 2005)
9 Mar 2008 - 6 May 2013 Azizan Abdul
Razak
(b. 1944 - d. 2013) PAS
(from 16 Jul 2008, Datuk Seri
Azizan
Abdul Razak)
6 May 2013 - 4 Feb 2016 Datuk (from 20
Jan 2014, Datuk (b.
1964)
UNMO+BN
Seri) Mukhriz Tun
Mahathir
(1st time)
4 Feb 2016 - 11 May 2018 Datuk Seri
Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah (b. 1950)
UMNO+BN
11 May 2018 - 17 May 2020 Datuk Seri Mukhriz Tun
Mahathir
(2nd
time)
(s.a.)
PPBM+PH
17 May 2020
-
Haji Muhammad Sanusi bin Md Nor (b.
1974)
PAS
(from 1 Nov 2021, Dato' Seri Haji
Muhammad Sanusi bin Md Nor)
Siamese High
Commissioner of Monthon Saiburi
1897 - 1909
Chao Pbraya Ritsongkhramramphakdi
(s.a.)
(= Tuanku Seri
Abdul Hamid Halim Shah)
Siamese Advisers
18 Sep 1905 -
1906
Walter James Franklin Williamson (b. 1867 -
d. 1954)
1906
Gordon Cecil Hart (1st time)
(b. 1877 - d. 1938)
(acting)
1906
Alexander Cavendish
(acting) (b. 1878 -
d. 1960)
Sep 1906 - Apr 1907
Albert Launcelot Hoops (acting) (b.
1876 - d. 1940)
Jul 1907 - Oct 1907
Albert Launcelot Hoops (acting) (s.a.)
1907 - 1909
Gordon Cecil Hart (2nd
time) (s.a.)
British Resident Consul
Jan 1906 - Jul 1909
Meadows Frost
(b. 1875 - d. 1954)
British Advisers
1909 - 1914
William George Maxwell
(b. 1871 - d. 1959)
1914 -
1916
Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan (b. 1866 -
d. 1957)
(acting)
1916 - 1919
Gilbert Amos Hall (acting)
(b. 1867 - d. 1953)
Jul 1919 - 1920
Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur (b. 1872 - d.
1934)
(1st time)
1920 - 1921
Frederick James Hallifax
(acting) (b. 1870 - d. 1933)
1921
Edward
Warren Nevile Wyatt (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1962)
1921 - Oct 1922
Malcolm Stewart Hannibal McArthur (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1922 - 1923
William Peel (1st time)
(b. 1875 - d. 1945)
1923
Henry
Charles Eckhardt (acting) (b. 1877 - d.
19..)
1923 - 1924
Ernest Charteris Holford
Wolff (b. 1875 - d. 1946)
(acting)
1924 - 1925
William Peel (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1925 -
1926
John Lisseter
Humphreys
(b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1926 -
1931
Thomas Watts
Clayton
(b. 1877 - d. 1972)
1931
Alan
Custance Baker (acting) (b. 1885 -
d. 1969)
Jul 1931 - Dec
1941 Julian
Dudley
Hall
(b. 1887 - d. 1961)
(acting to Mar 1932)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
17 Dec 1941 - 7 Mar 1942
Ikuo Ōyama
7 Mar 1942 - 18 Oct 1943 Seiji
Sukegawa
(b.
1885 - d. 1974)
Thai Military Commissioner
Oct 1943 -
1945?
Pramote Chongcharoen
(b. 1908 - d. 1969)
Thai General-commissioners
(administering Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu)
20 Aug 1943 - Oct 1943 Kamol
Saraphaisariddhikan
Chotikasathien
Oct 1943 -
1945?
Chierlah Kamol Sribhaasairadhikavan
Josikasarthien
British Resident Commissioners
4 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946 P.H. Panton
(head of military administration)
Sep 1945 - Nov 1951
Edward Victor Grace
Day
(b. 1896 - d. 1968)
(civil affairs officer to 1 Apr 1946)
Dec 1946 - Nov
1947 Oswald
Eric
Venables
(b. 1891 - d. 1960)
(acting
for Day)
1948? - 1949?
Arthur Bawtree Cobden Ramsay
(b. 1903 - d. 1977)
(acting for Day)
Nov 1951 - Oct 1953 Arthur
Bawtree Cobden Ramsay (s.a.)
Oct 1953 - 1955
Edwin Cyril Geddes Barrett
(b. 1909 - d. 1986)
Mar 1954 - Nov 1954 George
Shirley
Rawlings
(b. 1904 - d. 1963)
(acting for
Barrett)
British Adviser
1955 - 31 Aug 1957
Edwin Cyril
Geddes Barrett
(s.a.)
1955
Frank Marshall Smith
(b.
1912 - d. 1987)
(acting for Barrett)
�Full style of the ruler: Duli
Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara
Kedah Darul Aman ("Sultan and Head of the State of
Kedah").
Kelantan
![[Kelantan flag to 1912
(Malaysia)]](fr-mr1.gif "[Kelantan flag to 1912
(Malaysia)]") |
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![[Kelantan State and War Ensign 1924-1958
(Malaysia)]](my-kese.gif "[Kelantan State and War Ensign
1924-1958 (Malaysia)]") 1924 - 1958 State Flag |
|
![[Kelantan
1912-1923 (Malaysia)]](my-kel.gif "[Kelantan
1912-1923 (Malaysia)]")
![[Kelantan
(Malaysia)]](my-kelan.gif "[Kelantan (Malaysia)]")
![[Kelantan Civil
Ensign 1924-1963 (Malaysia)]](my-keme.gif "[Kelantan
Civil Ensign 1924-1963 (Malaysia)]")
|
Royal seat: Kubang Kerian |
"Selamat Sultan" (Save the Sultan) |
Adopted 5 Jul 1927 |
459,684 (1949) |
| Former Military Force:
136 (1935, Kelantan Volunteer Force) |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 29 Sep Sultan of Kelantan's Birthday |
Constitution (1948/1963) |
c.1411
Kelantan established.
1499 -
1511
Conquered by Malacca.
1764
Independence restored.
1795 - 1812
Under Trengganu rule.
1812 - 9 Jul
1909
Kelantan under Thai sovereignty.
1895 - 1909
Part of Thai monthon
(region) of Phuket along with Terengganu
and
Perlis.
9 Jul 1909 - 31 Aug 1957 British
protectorate (an unfederated Malay state);
with a British resident from 1903.
Jul
1916
Negeri Kelantan Darul Naim
("State of Kelantan, the Pleasant
Abode")
established.
8/22 Dec 1941-18 Oct 1943
Occupied by Japan.
18 Oct 1943 - 8 Sep 1945
Annexed by Thailand (renamed Kalantan).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Rajas�
1675 - Oct
1721
Sultan Omar ibni al-Mahrum Raja
(d. 1721)
Sakti
Oct 1721 - May
1734 Sultan
Long Bahar ibni al-Marhum (d. 1734)
Wam Daim
May 1734 -
1739
Raja Long Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum (d. 1798)
Sultan Long Bahar (1st time)
1739 -
1746
Interregnum?
1746 -
1756
Raja Long Sulaiman ibni al-Marhum (s.a.)
Sultan Long Bahar (2nd time)
1756 - 4 Sep
1758
Raja Long Pandak ibni al-Marhum
(d. 1758)
Tuan
Sulong
Sep 1758 - Jul
1763 Raja Long
Muhammad ibni al-Marhum (d. 1763)
Tuan
Sulong
Jul 1763 - 15 Jul 1795 Sultan
Long Yunus ibni al-Marhum (d. 1795)
Raja Long Sulaiman
1795 - 1800
Tengku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Mansur
1800 - 26 Jan
1835
Sultan Muhammad I ibni al-Marhum (b.
1741 - d. 1835)
Long Yunus
26 Jan 1835 - 30 Oct 1886 Sultan Muhammad II
ibni al-Marhum (b. c.1794 - d. 1886)
Temenggong Tengku Long Lan
1835 - 1836
Long Jinal -Regent
30 Oct 1886 - 27 Feb 1890 Sultan Ahmad ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (b. bf.1831 - d. 1890)
Muhammad
27 Feb 1890 - 11 May 1891 Sultan Muhammad III
ibni al-Marhum (b. 1845 - d. 1891)
Sultan Ahmad
23 Sep 1890 - 11 May 1891 Long Mansur ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (b. 1870 - d. 1900)
Ahmad -Regent
11 May 1891 - 26 Jul 1898 Sultan Mansur ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (s.a.)
Ahmad
Sultan�
26 Jul 1898 - 9 Feb 1900 Mansur ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad (s.a.)
Raja�
9 Feb 1900 - 22 Jun 1911 Sultan Muhammad
IV ibni al-Marhum (b. 1870 - d. 1920)
Sultan Muhammad
Sultans�
22 Jun 1911 - 20 Dec 1920 Muhammad IV ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (s.a.)
Muhammad (from 1 Jan 1913, Sir Muhammad
IV ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad)
20 Dec 1920 - 20 Aug 1943 Ismail ibni al-Marhum
Sultan (b.
1880 - d. 1944)
Muhammad (from 2 Jan 1922, Sir Ismail
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad)
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed to
Thailand
8 Sep 1945 - 9 Jul 1960
Ibrahim ibni al-Marhum Sultan
(b. 1897 - d. 1960)
Muhammad (from 10 Jun 1948, Sir Ibrahim
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad)
9 Jul 1960 - 29 Mar 1979 Yahya Petra ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (b. 1917 - d. 1979)
Ibrahim
21 Sep 1975 - 29 Mar 1979 Tengku Ismail Petra -Regent
(b. 1949 - d. 2019)
29 Mar 1979 - 13 Sep 2010 Ismail Petra ibni
al-Marhum Sultan (s.a.)
Yahya Petra
24 May 2009 - 13 Sep 2010 Tengku Muhammad Faris
Petra -Regent (b. 1969)
13 Sep 2010 -
Tuanku Muhammad V Faris
ibni Sultan (s.a.)
Ismail
Petra
(= Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra)
13 Dec 2016 - 6 Jan 2019 Tengku Muhammad
Faiz Petra -Regent (b. 1974)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1775 -
1794
Engku Sri Maharaja Perdana Mentri (b. 1749 - d.
1813)
Long
Abdul Ghafar
1794 -
1800
Vacant
1800 - 1835
Wan Mahmud bin Wan Ibrahim
1835 - 1839
Sultan Phaya Long Muhammad ibni
(d. 1856)
Tengku Raja Muda Ismail
(= Raja Kampong Laut Tuan Besar Long Ismail Ibni Raja
Long Yunus)
1839 - 1851
Engku Sri bin Long Abdul
Ghafar (d. 1851)
1851 - 1885
Nik Abdul Majid bin Nik Yusoff
1886 -
1890
Nik Seri Paduka Nik Yusof bin Nik
Abdul Majid (1st time)
1890 -
1894
Dato'
Maha Menteri Saad bin Ngah
1894 -
1900
Nik
Seri Paduka Nik Yusof bin Nik
Abdul Majid (2nd time)
1900 -
1920
Dato' Menteri Hassan bin Mohd
Salleh
1920 - 1921
Vacant
30 Apr 1921 - 27 Dec 1944 Dato' Perdana Menteri
Paduka Raja (b. 1882 - d. 1964)
Nik Mahmud bin Nik Ismail
27 Dec 1944 -
1953
Dato' Seri Setia Raja Nik Ahmad (b. 1909 -
d. 1977) PMK;1946 UMNO
Kamil bin Nik
Mahmud
1953 -
1959
Tengku
Sri Maharaja Tengku Mohd
Hamzah bin Raja Dewa Long Zainal (b. 1902 - d.
1961) UMNO+PP
Abidin
1959 -
1964
Datuk Ishak Lotfi (1st time) (b.
1917 - d. 1992) PAS
1964 - 1973
Datuk Mohd Asri
Muda
(b. 1923 - d. 1992) PAS
1973 - 1974
Datuk Ishak Lotfi (2nd time)
(s.a.)
PAS+BN
1974 - Nov 1977
Datuk Mohamad
Nasir
(b. 1916 - d. 1997) PAS+BN
Nov 1977 - 23 Mar 1978 Hashim
Aman
(b. 1929 - d. 2018) Non-party
(federal administrator)
23 Mar 1978 - 22 Oct 1990 Datuk (from 1982, Datuk
Amar; from
1988, Tan Sri) Mohamed bin Yaacob(b. 1926 - d.
2009) UMNO+BN
22 Oct 1990 - 6 May 2013 Nik Abdul Aziz
Nik
Mat
(b. 1931 - d. 2015) PAS+2008 PR
(from 28 Mar 1995, Dato' Nik Abdul
Aziz Nik Mat)
6 May 2013 - 15 Aug 2023 Dato' Ahmad bin
Yakob
(b.
1950)
PAS+PN
(from 12 Nov
2016, Datuk Bentara
Kanan Ustaz Dato' Ahmad bin Yakob)
15 Aug 2023
-
Dato' Mohd Nassuruddin
Daud (b. 1965)
PAS+PN
Siamese Advisor
1903 -
1909
Walter Armstrong
Graham
(b. 1868 - d. 1949)
British Advisers
1910 - Oct 1911
James Scott Mason
(b. 1853 - d. 1912)
Oct 1911 - 1913
James E. Bishop
(acting)
(b. 1875 - d. 19..)
1913
Thomas Watts
Clayton (acting) (b. 1877 - d.
1972)
1913 - 1914
William
Langham-Carter
(b. 1869 - d. 1940)
1915 -
1919
Roland John Farrer
(acting) (b.
1873 - d. 1956)
1919
John
Whitehouse Ward
Hughes (b.
1883 - d. 1946)
1919 -
1923
Henry Wagstaffe
Thomson
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
1920
Arthur Furley
Worthington
(b. 1874 - d. 1964)
(acting for Thomson)
1923 -
1926
Arthur Furley
Worthington
(s.a.)
1924 -
1925
Henry Charles
Eckhardt
(b. 1877 - d. 19..)
(acting for Worthington)
1926 -
1928
George Ernest
Shaw
(b. 1877 - d. 1958)
1928 -
1930
Reginald John Byard
Clayton (b.
1875 - d. 1962)
1930 -
1933
Alwyn Sidney
Haynes
(b. 1878 - d. 1963)
1931 -
1932
Thomas
Perowne Coe
(b. 1887 - d. 19..)
(acting for Haynes)
Feb 1934 - Jul 1934 William
Douglas Barron (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1970)
Jul 1934 -
1940
Alan Custance
Baker
(b. 1885 - d. 1969)
1940 - Dec
1941
Eric Tredgear
Williams
(b. 1890 � d. 1971)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
20 Dec 1941 - 7 Mar 1942 Hideo Niizuma
7 Mar 1942 - 20 Apr 1943 Tai Sunagawa
(b. 1886 - d. 1976)
20 Apr 1943 - 18 Oct 1943 Kikura Fujisawa
Thai Military Commissioners
Oct 1943 -
1944
Charn Charnchaichak
1944 - 14 Sep
1945
Tharin Rawang Phu
British Resident Commissioners
Sep 1945 - 1946
Anker
Rentse
(b. 1895 - d. 1950)
(civil affairs officer)
1 Apr 1946 - 1946
William Alexander Gordon-Hall
(b. 1894 - d. 1964)
(acting)
1946 - 1952
William Foster Norton
Churchill (b. 1898 - d. 1963)
May 1948? -
1948
Richard John Froude
Curtis
(b. 1897 - d. 1987)
(acting
for Churchill)
Sep 1950 - Apr
1951 Mervyn
Cecil
Sheppard
(b. 1905 - d. 1994)
(acting
for Churchill)
Oct 1952 - Jun 1953
Alexander Noel Ross
(b. 1905 - d. 1972)
Jun 1953 - Mar 1955 Sir Derek
Headly
(b. 1908 - d. 1998)
British Adviser
Mar 1955 - 1957
George Shirley Rawlings
(b. 1904 - d. 1963)
(acting to 195.)
�Full style of the ruler:
(a) to 1898, 1900-1911: Raja and Yang di-Pertuan
Muda of Kelantan;
(b) 1898-1900 and from 1911: Ke Bawah Duli Yang
Maha Mulia al-Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Bagi Negara
Kelantan Darul Naim ("Sultan and Head of the
State of Kelantan").
Kuala Lumpur
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![[Kuala Lumpur
(Malaysia)]](my-kl.gif "[Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)]")
![[Federal
Territory flag (Malaysia)]](my-fed.gif "[Federal
Territory flag (Malaysia)]")
|
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Federal
Territory Anthem "Maju dan Sejahtera" (Progress and Prosper) |
Federal
Territory Anthem Adopted 28 Jan 2011 |
|
1 Feb
1972
Kuala Lumpur becomes a city and the office
of Lord Mayor (Datuk Bandar) is established.
1 Feb
1974
Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (Wilayah
Persekutuan
Kuala Lumpur)(split from part of Selangor).
Lord Mayors (title Datuk Bandar
Kuala Lumpur)
1 Feb 1972 - 15 May 1972
Datuk Lokman bin
Yusof
(b. 1910 - d. 1972) Non-party
16 May 1972 - 31 Oct 1981 Tan Sri Yaacob
bin Abdul Latiff (b. 1918 - d.
1985) Non-party
(acting to 1 Jul 1972)
1 Nov 1981 - 17 Nov 1992
Tan Sri Datuk Elyas bin
Omar (b. 1936 - d.
2018) Non-party
(acting to 1 Feb 1983)
17 Nov 1992 - 12 Dec 1995 Datuk Mazlan bin
Ahmad
(b. 1943 - d. 2018) Non-party
13 Dec 1995 - 13 Dec 2001 Tan Sri Datuk
Kamaruzzaman Shariff (b. 1941)
Non-party
14 Dec 2001 - 13 Dec 2004 Datuk Mohmad
Shaid Mohd Taufek (b. 1947)
Non-party
14 Dec 2004 - 13 Dec 2006 Datuk Ruslin
Hasan
(b. 1950)
Non-party
14 Dec 2006 - 13 Dec 2008 Datuk Abdul
Hakim Borhan (b.
1951)
Non-party
14 Dec 2008 - 18 Jul 2012
Datuk (from 1 Feb 2010, Datuk
Seri; from 4 Jun 2011, Tan Sri)
Ahmad Fuad
Ismail
(b.
1953)
Non-party
18 Jul 2012 - 17 Jul 2015 Datuk (from 1
Feb 2013, Datuk
Seri; from 6 Jun 2015, Tan Sri)
Ahmad Phesal
Talib
(b. 1954)
Non-party
18 Jul 2015 - 30 Sep 2018 Datuk (from 1 Feb
2016, Datuk
Seri; from 9 Sep 2017, Tan Sri)
Mohd Amin Nordin Abdul
Aziz (b.
1955)
Non-party
2 Oct 2018 - 30 Sep 2020
Datuk Nor Hisham Ahmad
Dahlan (b.
1956)
Non-party
1 Oct 2020 - 31 Mar 2023 Datuk (from 1 Feb
2021, Datuk
Seri) Mahadi Che
Ngah
(b. 1959)
Non-party
17 Apr 2023 - 14 Oct 2024 Datuk Kamarulzaman Mat
Salleh (b. 1964)
Non-party
15 Oct 2024
-
Dato Seri Maimunah Mohd Sharif (f) (b.
1961)
Non-party
Labuan
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![[Flag of the United Kingdom]](gb.gif "[Flag of the United
Kingdom]")
![[British Colony
of Labuan c.1889 - c.1930]](my-la-gb.gif "[British
Colony of Labuan c.1889 - c.1930]")
![[British Straits
Settlements, 1904-1925]](my_strs.gif "[British
Straits Settlements, 1904-1925]")
![[British
Straits Settlements, 1925-1942, 1945-1946]](my-ssbe1925.gif "[British Straits Settlements,
1925-1942, 1945-1946]")
![[Japan]](jp.gif "[Japan]")
![[North Borneo
Colonial Blue ensign (Sabah, Malaysia)]](my_nbb.gif "[North Borneo Colonial Blue ensign
(Sabah, Malaysia)]")
![[Labuan
(Malaysia)]](my-la.gif "[Labuan (Malaysia)]")
![[Labuan
Corporation Flag (Malaysia)]](my-lalc.gif "[Labuan
Corporation Flag (Malaysia)]")
|
(sometimes Bandar Labuan) (Victoria 1847-1949) |
"Maju dan Sejahtera" (Progress and Prosper) Adopted 28 Jan 2011) |
9,253 (1946) |
18 Dec
1846
Labuan Island ceded to Britain by Sultan of Brunei by
treaty.
24 Dec
1846
Captain G.R. Mundy on H.M.S. Iris takes
possession of Labuan for U.K.
1 Aug
1848
British colony inaugurated (Labuan
and it dependencies).
1 Apr 1867 - 31 Dec 1906
Crown colony
1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1905
Administered by British North Borneo Company (see Sabah).
1 Jan
1906
Labuan returns to British colonial administration.
1 Jan 1906 - 1 Apr 1946
Administered by the Straits Settlements (see Singapore)
(Settlement of
Labuan).
1 Jan 1907
Labuan annexed to the Straits Settlements (see Singapore),
no
longer a
separate colony.
1 Dec
1912
Labuan made a separate settlement of the Straits
Settlements.
3 Jan 1942 - 10 Jun 1945
Occupied by Japan (from 9 Dec 1942 renamed
Pulau Maida [Maeda-shima],
[Maida Island]) part of Northern Borneo
(see Sabah).
10 Jun 1945 - 15 Jul 1946
British (Australian) Military Administration (see under
Sabah).
15 Jul
1946
Part of British North Borneo (by Labuan [cession]
order-in-council
of 10 Jul 1946) as the Residency of Labuan and Interior.
1 Jan
1955
Labuan Town Board established.
16 Sep
1963
British North Borneo joins Malaysia as Sabah (with
Labuan Island
as a district of Sabah).
1 Jan 1982
Labuan Municipal Council replaces the Town Board.
16 Apr
1984
Federal Territory of Labuan Island (Wilayah
Persekutuan Pulau
Labuan).
1 Jul
2001
Labuan Corporation (Perbadanan Labuan)
established as a merger of
the Labuan Development Authority and the Labuan
Municipal Council.
Governor, Commander-in-chief, and Vice-Admiral of
Labuan and it dependencies
27 Nov 1847 - 6 Nov 1852 James
Brooke
(b. 1803 - d. 1868)
(from 27 Apr 1848, Sir James Brooke)
Lieutenant-Governors of Labuan
(administering the government)
1848 -
1850
William Napier
(b. 1804 - d. 1879)
1849 - Mar
1856
John Scott (acting to 14 Nov 1850) (b. 1814
- d. 1898)
Governors of Labuan
13 Feb 1856 - Jul 1861 George
Warren Edwardes
(b. 1802 - d. 1879)
27 May 1861 - Nov 1866
Jeremiah Thomas
Fitzgerald
(b. 1827 - d. 1881)
Callaghan (acting to 10 Apr 1862)
10 Feb 1863 - 23 Dec 1863 Hugh Low (1st
time)(acting)
(b. 1824 - d. 1905)
4 Oct 1865 - 13 Dec 1865 Hugh Low
(2nd
time)(acting)
(s.a.)
30 Nov 1866 - 20 Dec 1867 Hugh Low (3rd
time)(acting) (s.a.)
16 Sep 1867 - 2 May 1871 John Pope
Hennessy
(b. 1834 - d. 1891)
22 Jun 1871 - 29 Dec 1874 Henry Ernest
Gascoyne Bulwer (b.
1836 - d. 1914)
(from 23 Jul 1874, Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne
Bulwer)
31 Dec 1874 - 21 Apr 1876 Hugh Low (4th time)
(acting) (s.a.)
21 Apr 1876 -
1879
Herbert Taylor
Ussher
(b. 1836 - d. 1880)
29 Sep 1879 -
1881
Charles Cameron
Lees
(b. 1837 - d. 1898)
3 Sep 1881 -
1888
Peter Leys (acting)
(b. 1851 - d. 1922)
1888 -
1890
Arthur Shirley Hamilton (acting) (b. 1848 - d.
1925)
1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1905 the
governors of North Borneo
1 Jan 1906 - 3 Jan 1942 the
governors of the Straits
Settlements
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946 the
governors of the Straits Settlements
1 Apr 1946 - 10 Jul 1946 the
governors of Singapore
Deputy governors
1906 - 22 Dec 1941
the British Residents in Brunei
British Residents, Labuan
May 1890 - 1891?
Thomas Groves (1st time)(acting) (b. 1864
- d. ....)
1891? -
1893
....
1893 - 1894?
Thomas Groves (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1894? - 1898
....
c.1897
Francis Richard Ord
Maxwell (b.
1849 - d. 1897)
(acting)
Feb 1898 - 1902
Robert McEwen
Little
(b. 1860 - d. 1905)
1901 - 31 Dec 1905 W.H.
Hastings
(acting
for Little to 1902)
1 Jan 1906 - 1 Jan 1915 the
British Residents in Brunei
1 Jan 1915 - Feb
1915 Francis William Douglas
(acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1953)
1915? - 1917
Malcolm Stewart Hannibal
McArthur (s.a.)
(3rd time)
Jul 1916 -
1917
R.B. Osborne (acting for McArthur)
May 1917 - 1919
Geoffrey Edmund Cator
(b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1919 - 1921
Edmund Roberts
(b.
1866? - d. 1948)
1921 - Sep 1923
Harmer Joseph Eley (acting)
1923 - 19 Aug 1925 James
Calder
(b. 1898 - d. 1968)
20 Aug 1925 - Dec 1927 Richard
William Grant
(b. 1897 - d. 19..)
28 Dec 1927 - 1928 John
Richard Neave
(b. 1893 - d. 1942)
1928 - 1929
Andrew Gilmour
(b. 1898 - d.
1988)
1929 -
1931
Richard John Froude
Curtis
(b. 1897 - d. 1987)
1930
John Graham Black (acting?)
(b. 1896 - d. 1988)
1931 - 1932
C.P. Smith
May 1932 -
1933
Cuthbert H. Whitton (acting) (b.
1869 - d. 1951)
Jun 1933 - 1934
George Shirley Rawlings
(b. 1904 - d. 1963)
1934 - 1936
Arthur Desmond York
(b. 1907 - d. af.1962)
1936 - 1940
Richard Wallace
Jakeman
(b. 1908 - d. 1986)
Dec 1940 - 3 Jan 1942 Arthur Hugh
Peters Humphrey (b. 1911 - d.
2001)
(Japanese prisoner 3 Jan 1942 - 11 Sep 1945)
Japanese military commanders
3 Jan 1942 - Mar 1945 the
military governors of Sabah
Mar 1945 - 10 Jun 1945 Hichiro
Okuyama
(371st Ind. Infantry Battalion of 56th Ind. Mixed
Brigade)
Allied Military
Governors
10 Jun 1945 - 15 Jul
1946 the Military
Governors of North Borneo (see Sabah)
British Military Civil Affairs Officers of
British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit
10 Jun 1945 - 22
Jul 1945 Kenneth Carlyle
McMullen
(b. 1904 - d. ....)
(Australia)
22 Jul 1945 - Sep 1945 Charles Frederick Cunningham
(b. 1889 - d. 1969)
Macaskie (U.K.)
Sep 1945 - 1946
John Russell Black (Australia)
(b. 1908 - d. 1988)
British Residents, Labuan and Interior
1946 - 1947
....
1947 - 1948
Derek
Headly
(b. 1908 - d. 1998)
c.1949
Donald Keane Ingle
(acting) (b.
1904 - d. ....)
12 Feb 1950 - 26 Feb 1952 Robert George Patrick
Nicholson (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
"Nick"
Combe
1952 - 1956
John Ebenezer Longfield
(b. 1908 - d. 1992)
(acting to 1953?)
Residents (and Chairmen of the Labuan Town Board)
8 Oct 1956 - 1 Dec 1959 John Frederick
Gordon Dingle (b.
1912 - d. 1968)
(acting to 1 Jan 1959)
1959? -
1962
William Stephen
Holley
(b. 1920 - d. 2005)
1962 -
1963
E.J.K. Wicksteed
(b. 1916 - d. ....)
District Officers and Chairmen of the Labuan Town
Board
1963 - c.1964
....
c.1963
Robert Henry Windham de la Poer (b. 1922 -
d. 2009)
Beresford-Peirse
c.Feb 1964 - c.1971 Inche
Abdullah bin Anson
c.1971 - 31 Dec
1978 ....
Commissioners of the
Labuan Town Board
1 Jan 1979 - 1 Jan 1982
....
c.1979
Mohamed Arif bin Haji
Ibrahim (b. 1940)
Presidents of the Labuan Municipal Council
c.1982 - 198.
Wan Ali bin Tuanku Ibrahim
c.1987 - 16 Jan 1988 Kamarudin
Idris
16 Jan 1988 - 19..
Encik
Zainuddin Awang Ngah
c.1990 - 1992
Encik Abdul Rahman bin Haji Ali
(b. 1960?)
Chairmen of the Labuan Development Authority
1 Aug 1992 - 30 Jun 2000 Tun Daim
Zainuddin
(b.
1938)
UMNO+BN
1 Jul 2000 - 2001
Datuk Mustapa
Mohamed
(b. 1950)
Chief Administrators, Labuan
Corporation
1994? - Feb 1997
Datuk Nawawi
Kamaruddin
(b. 1943?)
Feb 1997 - Feb
1999 Dato'
Baseri
Lamsah
(b. 1948)
Feb 1999 - Feb
2000 Datuk
Muhammad Mohd Noor
Apr 2000 - 30 Jun 2001
Datuk Mohd Noor
Moktar
(b. 1948?)
Chairmen of Labuan Corporation
1 Jul 2001 -
2003
Dato' Othman Mohd
Rezal
(b.
1945)
UMNO+BN
Apr 2003 - 31 May 2009 Dato'
Suhaili Abdul
Rahman
(b.
1961)
UMNO+BN
1 Jun 2009 - 30 Jun 2009 Datuk Yussof Mahal
(1st time) (b.
1957)
UMNO+BN
(acting)
1 Jul 2009 - 31 May 2011 Datuk Ahmad
Phesal Talib (b.
1954) Non-party
1 Jun 2011 - 30 Jun 2013 Datuk Yussof Mahal
(2nd time)
(s.a.)
UMNO+BN
1 Jul 2013 - Jun 2018 Rozman
Datuk Isli (from 1 Feb (b.
1963)
UMNO+BN
2014, Datuk Rozman Isli)
24 Oct 2018 - 30 Jun 2022 Datuk Seri Haji Amir
Hussien (b. 1971?)
PAN
1 Jul 2022 - 19 Jun 2023 Datuk Bashir Haji
Alias
(b.
1966?)
UMNO+BN
19 Jun 2023
-
Tan Sri Anifah
Aman
(b.
1953)
PCS
Malacca (Melaka)
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![[National flag of the
Netherlands]](nl.gif "[National flag of the
Netherlands]")
![[British
Straits Settlements, c.1868-c.1879]](my-ss1868be.gif "[British Straits Settlements,
c.1868-c.1879]")
![[British Straits
Settlements, c.1879-1904]](my_ss79.gif "[British
Straits Settlements, c.1879-1904]")
![[British Settlement of Malacca
1951-1957 (Malaya)]](my-ma-gb.gif "[British Settlement of Malacca
1951-1957 (Malaya)]")
![[Melaka
(Malaysia)]](my-melak.gif "[Melaka (Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Melaka (Malacca) |
Hear
State Anthem "Melaka Maju Jaya" (Malacca, On-wards Come!) Adopted 1957 |
Local Holiday:
24 Aug. Birthday of Yang di-Pertua Negeri Melaka |
Constitution (1957/1963) |
Population:
1,027,500 (2023) |
24 Aug
1511
Malacca a Portuguese colony, Fortaleza de Malaca,
(subordinated to Goa)(Portuguese
Malacca [Malaca Portuguesa]).
15 Jul 1580 - 1 Dec 1640 Malacca
along with Portugal a Spanish possession.
17 May 1606 - 19 Aug 1606 First Dutch seige of
Malacca.
2 Aug 1640 - 14 Jan 1641 Second
Dutch seige of Malacca.
14 Jan
1641
Malacca a Dutch colony (Governorate of Malacca [Gouvernement
Malacca])
17 Aug 1795 - 21 Sep 1818
British occupation.
25 Mar
1802
Restored to Dutch by terms of Treaty of Amines, but
British
continue administration.
13 Aug
1814
By U.K.-Dutch convention Dutch colonial holdings
as of 1 Jan 1803 to be restored.
20 Sep
1818
Restored to the Dutch (Governorate of Malacca [Gouvernement
Malacca]).
9 Apr 1825 - 31 Aug 1957 British
colony (to 14 Aug 1826, part of Prince of Wales Island
[see Penang]).
14 Aug 1826 - 1 Apr 1946 Part of Straits
Settlements (see Singapore)(Settlement
of Malacca).
1 Apr
1867
Crown colony (Colony of Malacca).
15 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945
Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
12 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946
British military administration.
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963,
Malaysia)(Settlement of
Malacca).
31 Aug
1957
State of Malacca (Negeri Melaka).
Commander
25 Aug 1511 - Nov 1511 Afonso
de
Albuquerque
(b. 1453 - d. 1515)
Captains-major (capit�o-m�r de
Malaca)
Nov 1511 -
1514
Rui de Brito Patalim
1514 - 1515
Jorge de Albuquerque (1st time) (b. c.1470
- d. 15..)
1515 -
1517
Jorge de Brito
(d. 1517)
1517 -
1518
Nuno Vaz Pereira
1518
Aleixo de Meneses
1518 -
1519
Afonso Lopes da Costa
(d. 1519)
1519 - 1520
Garcia de S� (1st time)
1521 -
1525
Jorge de Albuquerque (2nd time) (s.a.)
1525 -
1526
Pedro de Mascarenhas
(b. 1470 - d. 1555)
1526 -
1528
Jorge
Cabral
(b. c.1500 - d. 15..)
20 Jul 1528 -
1529
Pedro de Faria (1st time)
1529 -
1533
Garcia de S� (2nd time)
1533 -
1534
Paulo da Gama
(d. 1534)
1534 - 1539
Est�v�o da
Gama
(b. 1510 - d. 1575)
1539 -
1542
Pedro de Faria (2nd time)
1542 -
1544
Rui Vaz Pereira Marramaque
(d. 1544)
1544 -
1545
Sim�o Botelho de Andrade
1545
Garcia de S� (3rd time)
1545 -
1548
Sim�o de Melo de Magalh�es
(b. c.1480 - d. 15..)
1548 -
1552
Pedro da Silva da Gama
1552
Francisco �lvares
1552 -
1554
�lvaro de Ata�de da Gama
1554 -
1556
Ant�nio de
Noronha
(b. c.1510 - d. 1574)
1556 -
1557
Jo�o Pereira
1557 - 1560
Jo�o de Mendon�a
(b.
c.1530 - d. 1578)
1561 -
1564
Francisco de E�a
1564 -
1567
Diogo de Meneses
1567 -
1570
Leonis Pereira
1570 - 1573
Francisco da
Costa
(b. 1533 - d. 1591)
1573 - 1574
Francisco Henriques de Meneses (d. 1574)
Nov 1574 -
1575
Trist�o Vaz da Veiga
1575
Miguel de Castro
(d. c.1575)
1576 -
1579
Aires de
Saldanha
(b. 1542 - d. 1605)
1579? - 1580
Jo�o da Gama (1st time)
(b. c.1540 - d. ....)
1580 �
1581
Matias de Albuquerque
1581 �
1582
Jo�o da Gama (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1582 - 1585
Roque de Melo
1585 - May
1587
Jo�o da Silva Pereira (1st time)
May 1587 - Feb
1588 Jo�o
Ribeiro Gaio, bispo de Malaca
(acting)
Feb 1588 - Sep 1588 Jo�o da
Silva Pereira (2nd time)
1588 - 1590
Diogo Lobo
1591 - 1593?
P�ro Lopes de Sousa
1594? - 1597
Francisco da
Silva de Meneses
1597 - 1600
Martim Afonso de Melo
1600 -
1603
Fern�o de Albuquerque
(b. 1540 - d. 1623)
1603 -
1606
Andr� Furtado de Mendon�a
1606 -
1607
Ant�nio de Meneses
1607 - 1609
Sebasti�o de T�vora
1609 -
1613
Francisco Miranda Henriques
1613 -
1615
Gaspar Afonso de Melo
1615 - 1616
Jo�o Caiado de Gamb�a
1616
Ant�nio Pinto da Fonseca
1616
Jo�o da Silva
1616 - 1618
Jo�o da Silveira
1618 - 1620
Fradique Lopes de Sousa
1620?
Filipe de Sousa
1620 - 1624
....
1624 - 1626
Francisco Coutinho
1626 - 1629
Luis de Mello de Sampaio
(d. 1629)
1629 - 1630
Gaspar de Mello de Sampaio
(1st
time)
1630 - 1633
Diego de Mello e Castro
1633 -
1634
Gaspar de Mello de Sampaio
(2nd
time)
1634 - 1635
�lvaro de Castro
1635 - 1636
Francisco de Sousa de Castro
1636 - 2 Jun 1636
Francisco Coutinho
Do�em
(d. 1636)
1638 - 14 Jan
1641
Manuel de Sousa Coutinho
(b. c.1540 - d. 1641)
Captains-general
1616 - 1635
Ant�nio Pinto da
Fonseca
(d. 1635)
1636 - 1639
Diogo
Coutinho Do�em
(d. 1647)
1639 �
1640
Manuel de Sousa
Coutinho
(s.a.)
1640 - 14 Jan 1641
Lu�s Martins de Sousa Chichorro
(d. 1658)
Presidents and Directors (of the Dutch
East India Company)
14 Jan 1641 - 1 Feb 1641
Minne Williemson Kaartokoe
(Mime Willemssoon
Kaartekoe)
(Dutch commander of land and naval forces)
1 Feb 1641 � 15 Dec 1642 Johan
"Jan" van Twist
(d. 1643)
+ Justus Schouten (commissary)
(d. 1644)
(to 24 Sep 1641)
15 Dec 1642 � 6 Nov 1645 Jeremias van Vliet
(b. c.1602 - d. 1663)
6 Nov 1645 � 24 Nov 1646 Arnold de
Vlaming van Oudshoorn (b. c.1618
- d. 1662)
(acting)
24 Nov 1646 � 1 Nov 1662 Jan Thijszoon
Payaart (Paijart) (b. 1606 - d. 1678)
1 Nov 1662 � 16 Oct 1665 Jan
Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck (b. 1619 -
d. 1677)
(commander and president)
16 Oct 1665 � 6 Aug 1668
Balthasar
Bort
(b. 1626 - d. 1684)
Governors and Directors
6 Aug 1668 - 10 Oct 1679 Balthasar
Bort
(s.a.)
10 Oct 1679 � 23 Dec 1680 Jacob Joriszoon Pits
23 Dec 1680 � 1 Dec 1684 Cornelis
van Quaalberg
(b. 1623 - d. 1687)
1 Dec 1684 - 5 Jan 1686
Nicolaas Schaghen (Schagen)
(d. 1696)
27 Oct 1685 - 5 Jan 1686 Fran�ois
Tack
(b. c.1650 - d. 1686)
(appointed, but did not arrive)
5 Jan 1686 - 26 Nov 1686
Dirk Coomans (1st time)(acting) (b. 1648 -
d. 1708)
26 Nov 1686 � 18 Oct 1691 Thomas Slicher
(b. 1647 - d. 1691)
18 Oct 1691 � 1 Oct 1692 Dirk
Coomans (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
1 Oct 1692 � 1 Jan 1697 Gelmer
Vosburgh
(d. 1697)
1 Jan 1697 - 24 Nov 1700 Govert van
Hoorn
(b. 1658 - d. 1702)
24 Nov 1700 - 18 Jan 1704 Bernhard
Phoonsen
18 Jan 1704 - 22 May 1704 Johan
Grootenhuys (Grotenhuys)
(acting)
22 May 1704 - 7 Mar 1707 Karel
Bolner
7 Mar 1707 - 16 Dec 1709 Pieter
Rooselaar
(b. 1660 - d. 1716)
16 Dec 1709 - 21 May 1711 Willem Six
(Sicx)
(b. 1670 - d. 1718)
21 May 1711 - 11 May 1717 Willem Moerman
(b. 165. - d. 1717)
1717 - 1727
Hermanus van Suchtelen
(Sugtelen) (b. 1677 - d. 1742)
1727
P. du Quesne (acting)
1 Aug 1727 - 13 Oct 1730 Johan
Frederik Gobius
(b. 1679 - d. 1730)
1731 - 1736
Pieter Rochus Pasques de Chavonnes (b. 1697 - d. 1747)
6 Jul 1736 - 23 Aug 1743 Rogier de
Laver
(b. 1701 - d. 1755)
23 Aug 1743 - 17 Oct 1749 Willem
Bernard
Albinus
(b. 1705 - d. 1751)
17 Oct 1749 - 10 Aug 1753 Pieter
van Heemskerk
(b. 1713 - d. 1753)
19 Sep 1753 - 26 Sep 1758 Willem
Dekker
(b. 1709 - d. 1780)
26 Sep 1758 - 11 May 1764 David
Boelen
(d. 1775)
11 May 1764 - 11 Jul 1772 Thomas
Schippers
(b. 1720? - d. 1780)
11 Jul 1772 - 12 Apr 1776 Jan
Crans
12 Apr 1776 - 20 Apr 1776 Pierre
Jean Louis de Filliettaz (b. 1739 - d.
1776)
23 Apr 1776 - 22 Apr 1788 Pieter Gerardus
de Bruijn (Bruyn) (b. 1732? - d. 1790)
22 Apr 1788 - 17 Aug 1795
Abraham Couperus
(b. 1752 - d. 1813)
Residents
17 Aug 1795 - Dec 1795
Archibald
Brown
(b. 17.. - d. 1825)
Dec 1795 -
1796
Thomas
Parr
(b. 1768 - d. 1807)
1796 -
1797
Richard
Tolson
(b. 1746 - d. 1815)
1797 -
1798
David
Campbell
(b. 1747 - d. 1828)
1798 - 12 Jul
1803
Aldwell William
Taylor
(b. 1759 - d. 1817)
1802
Willem Jacob Cranssen
(b. 1762 - d. 1821)
(Dutch governor; did not take office)
12 Jul 1803 - 20 Sep 1818
William
Farquhar
(b. 1770 - d. 1839)
1814 -
181.
John Macalister
(b. 1785 - d. 1824)
(acting for Farquhar)
Governors
21 Sep 1818 - 14 Jan 1823 Jan
Samuel Timmerman Thijssen (b.
1782 - d. 1823)
14 Jan 1823 - 1823
Adriaan Joostsz. Koek
(acting) (b. 1759 - d. 1825)
1823 - 9 Apr 1825
Hendrik Stephanus van Son
(b. 1796 - d. 1853)
Resident Councillors
9 Apr 1825 - 1825
Walter Sewell
Cracroft (acting) (b. 1795 - d. 1868)
1825
John
James Erskine (acting)
(b. 1777 - d. 1833)
1825 -
1826
Thomas Dolman Lloyd-Davies (acting)(b. 1790 - d. 1828)
1826
Edward Presgrave (acting)
(b. 1795 - d. 1830)
1826
Robert
Ibbetson
(b. 1789 - d. 1860)
1826
William Gordon
Mackenzie
(b. 1785 - d. 1842)
1 Aug 1826 - 31 Jul 1841 Samuel
Garling
(b. c.1793 - d. 1857)
1829 -
1830
Edward Presgrave
(s.a.)
(acting for Garling)
183. - 183.
Kenneth Murchison
(b. 1794 - d. 1854)
(acting for Garling)
6 Dec 1838 - 1841
William Thomas Lewis
(b. 1791 - d. 1875)
(acting for Garling)
31 Jul 1841 - Nov 1846 James
William Salmond
(b. 1807 - d. 1848)
184. - 184.
Thomas Church
(acting for Salmond) (b. c.1789 - d. 1860)
1843 -
1844
William Thomas Lewis
(s.a.)
(acting for Salmond)
1845 -
1846
Charles Hugh Lushington
(b. 1813 - d. 1874)
(acting for Salmond)
25 Nov 1846 - 1848
William
Thomas Lewis (acting)
(s.a.)
30 May 1848 -
1849
Edmund Augustus Blundell
(b. 1804 - d. 1868)
1849 - 24 Jul 1854
Ilay
Ferrier
(b. 1809 - d. 1854)
1854
Charles
William Francis Whish (b.
1819 - d. 1892)
(acting)
1854 -
1855
William Thomas Lewis (3rd time) (s.a.)
1855 -
1857
Henry Stuart
Man
(b. 1815 - d. 1898)
1856 - 185.
William Willans Willans
(b. 1822 - d. 1903)
(acting for Man)
1858 - 1860
Ronald
MacPherson
(b. 1817 - d. 1869)
1858 -
1859
James Jackson
(b. 1810 - d. 1879)
(acting for MacPherson)
18 Mar 1859 - 13 Jul 1859 Frederick Lyon
Playfair (1st time) (b. 1830 - d. 1907)
(acting for MacPherson)
8 Oct 1860 - May 1863
James Burn (1st time)
(b. 1820 - d. 1893)
5 Aug 1863 -
1864
Frederick Lyon Playfair (2nd time) (s.a.)
Dec 1864 - 1867
James Burn (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1867 - 8 Mar 1869
Frederick
Lyon Playfair (3rd time) (s.a.)
Lieutenant-Governors
2 Sep 1867 -
1869
William Wellington
Cairns
(b. 1828 - d. 1888)
8 Mar 1869 - 24 May 1879
Edward Wingfield
Shaw
(b. 1827 - d. 1879)
1874 -
1875
Robert Theodore
Farringdon
(b. 1830 - d. 1886)
Stammers (acting for Shaw)
1875 -
1876
Charles Bushe
Plunket
(b. 1830 - d. 1880)
(acting for Shaw)
1879 - May 1880
Charles Edward Squirl (acting) (b.
1835 - d. 1910)
Resident Councillors
1880 - 9 Feb 1881
Charles John
Irving
(b. 1831 - d. 1917)
9 Feb 1881 -
1895
Dudley Francis Amelius
Hervey (b. 1849 - d. 1911)
(acting to 19 Aug 1882)
26 Apr 1886 - 1 Nov 1887 Edwin Empson
Isemonger (b.
1836 - d. 1903)
(acting for Hervey)
18 May 1891 - 5 May
1892 Edwin Empson
Isemonger
(s.a.)
(acting for Hervey)
21 Sep 1893 - 20 Nov 1893 Edward Marsh
Merewether
(b. 1858 - d. 1938)
(acting for Hervey)
7 Dec 1893 - 1 Jan 1895 Charles
Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (b. 1849 - d.
1904)
(acting for Hervey to 1 Jan 1895)
1 Jan 1895 - 10 Mar 1899
Charles Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (s.a.)
17 Apr 1895 - 6 Feb 1896 Edward
Charles Hepworth Hill (b. 1854 - d.
1930)
(acting for Sneyd-Kynnersley)
1897 - 1898
Edward Marsh Merewether
(s.a.)
(acting for Sneyd-Kynnersley)
30 Mar 1898 - 25 Nov 1898 Sir
Walter Egerton
(b. 1858 - d. 1947)
(acting for Sneyd-Kynnersley)
10 Mar 1899 - 11 Apr 1900 Sir Walter
Egerton
(acting)
(s.a.)
22 Apr 1900 - 10 Sep 1900 Robert
Norman Bland (1st time) (b.
1859 - d. 1948)
(acting)
12 Sep 1900 -
1901
Edward Marsh Merewether (acting) (s.a.)
1901 - 1904
James Kortright Birch
(b. 1850 - d. 1927)
26 Nov 1901 - 13 Jun 1903 Robert Norman
Bland
(s.a.)
(acting for Birch)
15 Oct 1903 - 1 Jan 1905 Robert
Norman
Bland
(s.a.)
(acting for Birch, then Penny)
1904 -
1905
Frederick Gordon
Penney
(b. 1856? - d. 1928)
1 Jan 1905 - 13 Mar 1906 Robert
Norman Bland (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Mar 1906 - 8 Feb 1910
William Evans
(b. 1860 - d. 1936)
(acting to 17 Feb 1907)
14 Mar 1908 - 8 May 1908
Harold William Firmstone
(b. 1868 - d. 1932)
(acting for Evans)
29 May 1908 - 3 Jul 1908 Harold
William Firmstone
(s.a.)
(acting for Evans)
14 Feb 1909 - 25 Jul 1910 Ralph Scott
(b. 1874 - d. 1962)
(acting for Evans to 8 Feb 1910)
Residents
25 Jul 1910 -
5 Jan 1921 Littleton
Edward Pipe-Wolferstan (b. 1866 - d. 1957)
24 May 1911 - 22 Jan 1912 Hayes
Marriott
(b. 1873 - d. 1929)
(acting for Pipe-Wolferstan)
15 Jun 1914 - 24 Dec 1915 Walter
Cecil Michell
(b. 1864 - d. 1939)
(acting for Pipe-Wolferstan)
26 Jul 1918 - 27 Aug 1918
Bernard Nunn (1st time)
(b. 1876 - d. 1949)
(acting for Pipe-Wolferstan)
5 Mar 1919 - 21 Jun 1919
Bernard Nunn (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting for Pipe-Wolferstan)
15 Mar 1920 - 5 Jan 1921
Ralph Scott
(s.a.)
(acting for Pipe-Wolferstan)
Resident Councillors
5 Jan 1921 -
1922
Littleton Edward Pipe-Wolferstan (s.a.)
15 Mar 1922 - 9 Apr 1925
William
Langham-Carter
(b. 1869 - d. 1940)
(acting to 26 May 1922)
Dec 1923
John Vivian Gottlieb Mills
(b. 1887 - d. 1987)
(acting for Langham-Carter)
11 Apr 1925 - 9 May 1926 Ralph
Scott
(s.a.)
9 May 1926 - Jun 1926
Norman David Mudie (acting)
(b. 1884 - d. 1962)
9 Jun 1926 - 25 Mar 1927
Meadows
Frost
(b. 1875 - d. 1954)
Mar 1927 - Nov
1927 Reginald
Crichton (acting) (b. 1887 -
d. 1937)
3 Apr 1928 - 15 Nov 1928 Charles
Francis Joseph Green (b. 1875 - d.
1943)
(acting)
16 Nov 1928 - 6 Apr 1930
Bertram Walter
Elles
(b. 1877 - d. 1963)
6 Apr 1930 - 10 Apr 1930
Cecil Harry George Clarke
(b. 1878 - d. 1943)
(1st time)(acting)
21 Mar 1930 - 1930
Bryan Stagg Walton
(b. 1889 - d. 1958)
(acting for Clarke)
2 May 1931 - 9 Jan 1932 William
Milnes Millington (b.
1883 - d. 1947)
(1st time)(acting)
10 Jan 1932 - 30 Mar 1933 Cecil
Harry George Clarke
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1933 - 19 Aug 1933
Norman Kerr
Bain (acting) (b. 1883
- d. 1955)
24 Aug 1933 - 1934
William Milnes Millington
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
20 Feb 1934 - 21 Nov 1934 James Startin
Wills
Arthur
(b. 1881 - d. 1955)
23 Nov 1935 - 6 Nov 1936
George William Bryant (1st time) (b. 1887 - d.
1969)
6 Nov 1936 - 22 May 1937
George Rognvald Sykes (acting) (b. 1889 -
d. 1955)
22 May 1937 - 10 Oct 1937 Edward Victor
Grace Day (acting) (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
10 Oct 1937 - 20 Oct 1939 George
William Bryant (2nd time) (s.a.)
20 Oct 1939 - 6 Dec 1940 William
Sydenham Ebden (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1951)
Dec 1940 - 1941
William Cecil Taylor
(acting) (b. 1902 - d.
1966)
Jan 1941 - 12 Jan 1942
George William Bryant (3rd time) (s.a.)
12 Jan 1942 - 15 Jan 1942 Arthur Vincent
Aston (acting) (b. 1896 -
d. 1981)
(Japanese prisoner 15 Jan 1942 - Aug 1945)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
13 Jan 1942 - 18 Feb 1942 Yoshihiko Ōsone
(b. 1905 - d. 1945)
18 Feb 1942 - 7 Mar 1942 Asaichirō Kurita
7 Mar 1942 - 5 May 1944 Ken
Tsurumi
(b. 1895 - d. 1984)
5 May 1944 - 10 Feb 1945
Hideo Hosoi
12 Feb 1945 - Sep 1945
Kinukawa Takeo
British Military Governors
19 Sep 1945 -
1945
George Ross Ormiston
(b. 1908 - d. 1968)
1945 -
1946
Harold Arthur Lee Luckham (acting) (b. 1904 - d. 1984)
Resident Commissioners
Sep 1945 - 31 Mar
1946 James Calder
(acting)
(b. 1898 - d. 1968)
(senior civil affairs officer)
1946 - Nov 1947
Edward Victor Grace
Day
(s.a.)
24 Nov 1947 - 7 Mar 1949
John
Falconer
(b. 1898 - d. 1990)
1949
William
Cecil Taylor
(s.a.)
25 Oct 1949 - 1954
George Evans Cameron
Wisdom (b.
1899 - d. 1958)
20 Dec 1950 - 9 Jan 1951
Jonathan Edgar Meredith
Cave (b. 1913 - d.
1968)
(acting for Wisdom)
20 Dec 1951 - 6 Jan 1952 Jonathan
Edgar Meredith Cave
(s.a.)
(acting for Wisdom)
18 Apr 1952 - 21 Oct 1952 Harold George
Hammett
(b. 1906 - d. 1999)
(acting for Wisdom)
21 Apr 1954 - 31 Aug 1957
Harold George Hammett
(s.a.)
28 Aug 1954 - 15 Sep 1954 Fulwar
Rupert Caven
Fowle
(b. 1912 - d. 1988)
(acting for Hammett)
25 Sep 1956 - Feb 1957 Maurice
John Hayward
(b. 1906 - d. 2001)
(acting for Hammett)
1957
Albert William Nicholson
(acting for Hammett)
Governors (title Yang di-Pertua
Negeri Melaka)
31 Aug 1957 - 31 Aug 1959 Leong
Yew Koh (from 1958, Tun (b.
1888 - d. 1963)
Leong Yew Koh)
31 Aug 1959 - 31 Aug 1971 Abdul
Malik bin Yusuf (from 1961, (b. 1899 - d. 1977)
Tun Abdul Malik bin Yusuf)
31 Aug 1971 - 23 May 1975 Tan
Sri (from 1972, Tun)
Abdul (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
Aziz bin Abdul Majid
23 May 1975 - 4 Dec 1984 Tan
Sri (from 1976, Tun) Syed (b.
1918 - d. 2013)
Zahiruddin bin Syed Hassan)
4 Dec 1984 - 4 Jun
2004 Tan Sri (from Jan 1987, Tun) Syed
(b. 1925 - d. 2008) UMNO + BN
Ahmad bin Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin
4 Jun 2004 -
4 Jun 2020 Tan Sri (from 28 Jul 2004, Tun)
(b. 1937)
UMNO
Khalil Yaakob
4 Jun 2020
-
Tun Datuk Seri Mohd Ali bin Mohd (b. 1949)
UMNO + BN
Rustam
(from 26 Apr 2021, Dato'
Seri Utama
Mohd Ali bin Mohd Rustam)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
31 Aug 1957 - 1 Jun 1959 Datuk
Kurnia Jasa Othman bin Talib (b. 1906 - d.
1984) UMNO + PP
1 Jun 1959 - 6 Oct
1967 Abdul Ghafar Baba
(b. 1925 - d. 2006) UMNO + PP
6 Oct 1967 - 31 Jul 1972
Datuk Talib bin Karim
(b. 1911 - d.
1977) UMNO + PP
1 Aug 1972 - 11 Jul 1978
Datuk Setia Abdul Ghani
Ali (b. 1923 -
d. 2004) UMNO+PP;1973 BN
11 Jul 1978 - 26 Apr 1982 Mohd Adib
Adam
(b. 1941 - d. 2022) UMNO + BN
22 Apr 1982 - 14 Oct 1994 Rahim Thamby
Chik
(b.
1950)
UMNO + BN
(from 1983, Dato' Rahim Thamby Chik;
from 1984, Datuk Seri Rahim Thamby Chik;
from 1990, Tan Sri Rahim Thamby Chik)
14 Oct 1994 - 14 May 1997 Datuk (from 14
Oct 1995, Datuk
Seri) Mohd Zin Abdul
Ghani (b. 1941 - d.
1997) UMNO + BN
(acting to 2 Dec 1994)
22 May 1997 - 2 Dec 1999 Datuk
(from 11 Oct 1997, Datuk
Seri) Abu Zahar
Isnin
(b. 1939 - d. 2013) UMNO + BN
2 Dec 1999 - 7 May
2013 Datuk Wira (from 13 Oct 2001,
Datuk Seri) Mohd Ali
Rustam (s.a.)
UMNO
+ BN
7 May 2013 - 11 May 2018 Datuk (from
11 Oct 2013, Datuk
Seri) Idris Haron
(b. 1966)
UMNO
+ BN
11 May 2018 - 2 Mar 2020 Adly Zahari
(b.
1971)
PAN + PH
2 Mar 2020 - 9 Mar 2020 Vacant
9 Mar 2020 - 31 Mar 2023 Datuk (from 24 Aug
2020, Datuk
Seri) Sulaiman Md Ali
(b.
1965)
UMNO + BN
31 Mar 2023
-
Dato' Sri Ab Rauf Yusoh
(b.
1961)
UMNO + BN
Naning
![[Naning flag (Melaka,
Malaysia)]](my-nanning.jpg "[Naning flag (Melaka, Malaysia)]")
14th cent.
State of Naning founded.
27 Oct
1832
Annexed by U.K. to Malacca.
3 Sep 1921
Dynasty restored by Malacca.
Rulers (title Orang Kaya
Seri Raja Merah)
16.. - 16..
Dato' Megat Alam
Melintang
16.. - 170.
Dato' Megat Junjungan
Limau
1703 - 17..
Dato' Juara Megat
1724 - 17..
Dato' Kokah
(Zohri)
17.. - 17..
Dato' Gahang Berbulu
17.. - 17..
Dato' Janggut (Selamat
Idris)
17.. - 1786
Dato' Timbo
1786 - 1801
Dato' Anjak
1801 - 1849
Datuk Abdul Said
bin Omar (Dol Said)
1849 - 1870
Dato' Idas bin Kasim
1870 - 1900
Dato' Mohd Salleh bin Rahim (Aghap)
1900
Dato' Ranting bin Hajji
Tahir
1900 - 1918
Dato' Hassan bin Sulong
1918 - 1923
Dato' Omar bin Abu Hassan
1923 - 1932
Dato' Arshad -Regent
1932 - 1942
Dato' Othman bin Kering
1946 - 1949
Dato' Che Lah bin Mat Sah
1950 - 2006
Dato' Mohd Shah bin Mohd Said
2006 -
Dato' Abdul Latif bin Hajji Hashim
Negeri Sembilan
|
|
![[Negeri Sembilan
(Malaysia)]](my-neger.gif "[Negeri Sembilan
(Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Seremban Royal capital: Seri Menanti |
Hear
State Anthem "Berkatlah Yang Dipertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan" (Bless the Great Lord of Negeri Sembilan) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 1911 |
Population:
1,199,974 (2020); 283,987 (1949) |
| Former Military
Force: see under Selangor |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 14 Jan Yang Di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan's Birthday |
Constitution (1948/27 Apr 1959) |
1773
Negeri Sembilan (a confederation of nine states)
established.
1876
State reduced and renamed Sri Menanti.
1887 - 31 Aug 1957
British
protectorate (early spelling Negri Sembilan).
1 Jul
1896
Part of Federated Malay States.
1897
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus
("State of Sembilan, the Special
Abode")
re-established.
13 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep 1945
Occupied by Japan.
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Rulers, with the title Yang Di-Pertuan Besar�
1773 -
1795
Sultan Mahmud ibni Sultan Abdul (d.
1795)
Jalil
(installed 8 Nov 1778)
1795 -
1808
Raja
Hitam
(b. 17.. - d. 1808)
1808 -
1824
Yamtuan Raja Lenggang Laut
(d. 1824)
1824
Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang
(b. c.1823 - d. 1861)
Laut (1st time)
1824 -
1826
Raja Kerjan -Regent
(d. 1844)
1826 - 30 Nov
1831
Yamtuan Sati (Raja Labuh)
30 Nov 1831 -
1833 Raja
Radin ibni Raja Lenggang (s.a.)
Laut (2nd time)
1833 -
1836
Raja Ali bin Daeng
Alampaki (d. 1850)
1836 -
1861
Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang
(s.a.)
Laut
(3rd time)
1861 -
1869
Yamtuan Ulin (Tuanku Imam ibni
(d. 1869)
al-Marhum Raja Ali)
1869 - 22 Oct
1888
Tengku Antah ibni Yamtuan Radin (d.
1888)
(Tuanku Antah ibni al-Marhum
Tuanku Nasiruddin)
1869 -
1872
Tuanku Ampuan Intan (f) -Regent
22 Oct 1888 - 1 Aug 1933
Tuanku Muhammad ibni al-Marhum (b.
1865 - d. 1933)
Yamtuan Antah (from 3 Jun 1916,
Tuanku Sir Muhammad ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Antah
3 Aug 1933 - 1 Apr
1960 Tuanku Abdul Rahman
ibni
(b. 1895 - d. 1960)
al-Marhum Yamtuan Muhammad (from
14 Mar 1934, Tuanku Sir
Abdul Rahman
ibni al-Marhum Yamtuan Muhammad)
31 Aug 1957 - 1 Apr 1960
Tuanku Munawir -Regent
(b. 1922 - d. 1967)
5 Apr 1960 - 14 Apr 1967
Tuanku Laksman Munawir ibni
(s.a.)
al-Marhum Yamtuan Abdul Rahman
19 Apr 1967 - 27 Dec 2008 Tuanku
Ja'afar ibni al-Marhum (b. 1922
- d. 2008)
Yamtuan Abdul Rahman
26 Apr 1994 - 25 Apr 1999 Tuanku
Naquiyuddin -Regent
(b. 1947)
29 Dec 2008 -
Tuanku Mukhriz ibni al-Marhum
(b. 1948)
Tuanku
Munawir
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 11 Aug 1950 Abdul Malek bin
Yusuf (1st time) (b. 1899 � d. 1977)
UMNO
11 Aug 1950 - 1 Jan 1951 Mohamad Salleh
bin Sulaiman
UMNO
1 Jan 1951 - 15 Apr 1952 Abdul Malek bin
Yusuf (2nd time)
(s.a.)
UMNO
15 Apr 1952 - 1 Oct 1952 Abdul Aziz bin
Abdul Majid (b. 1908 - d.
1975) UMNO
1 Oct 1952 - 1 Oct 1953 Abdul Malek
bin Yusuf (3rd time)
(s.a.)
UMNO
1 Oct 1953 - 31 Jan 1959 Shamsuddin bin
Nain
(b. 1911 - d. 1983) UMNO + PP
1 Apr 1959 - 23 Jun 1959 Mohamad Shariff
bin Abdul Samad (b. 1916 - d. 1976)
UMNO + PP
23 Jun 1959 - 10 May 1969 Mohamad Said bin
Mohamad (b. 1907 - d.
1996) UMNO + PP
10 May 1969 - 12 Jul 1978 Mansor bin
Othman
(b. 1924 - d. 1999) UMNO+PP;1973 BN
12 Jul 1978 - 29 Apr 1982 Dato' Rais
Yatim
(b.
1942)
UMNO + BN
29 Apr 1982 - 25 Mar 2004 Mohamed Isa Abdul
Samad
(b.
1949)
UMNO + BN
(from 14 Jun 1982, Dato' Mohamed Isa Abdul
Samad; from 5 Jun 1991, Tan Sri
Mohamed Isa Abdul Samad)
25 Mar 2004 - 12 May 2018 Datuk Mohamad
Hasan
(b.
1956)
UMNO + BN
(from 19 Jul 2004, Datuk Seri Mohamad Hasan)
12 May 2018
-
Aminuddin Harun (from 14 Jan 2019,
Datuk Seri Aminuddin Harun) (b.
1967) PKR + PH
British Residents
(excluding Sungai Ujong and Jelebu
until 1 Jan 1895)
Oct 1887 - 24 Feb 1897 Martin Lister
(b. 1857 - d. 1897)
(superintendant to Dec 1889)
1891 - 1894
William Francis Bourne
Paul (b. 1844
- d. 1930)
(acting for Lister)
1894 -
1895
Robert Norman
Bland
(b. 1859 - d. 1948)
(acting for Lister)
24 Feb 1897 - 7 Apr 1901 Ernest Woodford
Birch
(b. 1857 - d. 1929)
(acting to 4 Jun 1897)
8 Apr 1901 - 17 Aug 1902 Henry Conway
Belfield
(b. 1855 - d. 1923)
5 Apr 1901 - 28 Oct 1901 Dacres
Hope Wise
(b. 1865 - d. 1903)
(acting for Belfield)
29 Oct 1901 - 1 Jan 1902 Harvey Chevallier
(b. 1861 - d. 1923)
(acting for Belfield)
2 Jan 1902 - 6 Feb 1902 Dacres
Hope
Wise
(s.a.)
(acting for Belfield)
7 Feb 1902 - 22 Mar 1902 Dacres
Hope Wise
(s.a.)
(acting for Belfield)
23 May 1902 - 17 Aug 1902 Dacres
Hope
Wise
(s.a.)
(acting for Belfield)
18 Aug 1902 - 26 Feb 1904 Walter
Egerton
(b. 1858 - d. 1947)
28 Nov 1903 - 19 May 1905 Frederick Joseph Weld
(b. 1870
- d. 1926)
(acting
[for Egerton to 26 Feb 1904])
19 May 1905 - 31 Dec 1909 Douglas Graham
Campbell
(b. 1867 - d. 1918)
Nov 1905 - Dec
1905 Henry
Conway Belfield
(s.a.)
(acting for Campbell)
17 Nov 1906 - 20 Apr 1908 Robert Campbell
Grey
(b. 1868 - d. 1949)
(acting for Campbell)
1 Jan 1910 - 31 Jan 1911 Edward
Lewis Brockman
(b. 1865 - d. 1943)
1 Feb 1911 - 24 Apr 1912 Richard James
Wilkinson
(b. 1867 - d. 1941)
9 Sep 1911 - 24 Apr 1912 Cecil
William Chase
Parr
(b. 1871 - d. 1943)
(acting for Wilkinson)
25 Apr 1912 - 2 Sep 1919 Arthur Henry
Lemon
(b. 1864 - d. 1933)
30 Aug 1917 - 1 Oct 1917 Cuthbert Woodville
Harrison (b.
1874 - d. 1946)
(acting
for Lemon)
1 Jul 1919 - 21 May 1920 John Richard Oliver
Aldworth (b. 1868 -
d. 1948)
(acting
to 2 Sep 1919)
22 Feb 1920 - 20 Jun 1920 William James Parke
Hume (b. 1866 - d.
1952)
(acting [for Aldworth to 21 May 1920])
29 Jun 1920 - 3 Feb 1922 V. Hill
(acting to 12 Feb 1921)
5 Feb 1921 - 11 Apr 1921 Arthur
Blennerhassett
Voules (b. 1870 - d.
1954)
(acting for Hill)
4 Feb 1922 - 17 Jul 1924 Edward Shaw
Hose
(b. 1871 - d. 1946)
(acting to 3 Feb 1922)
7 May 1923 - 24 Oct 1923
Ralph Scott (acting for Hose) (b.
1874 - d. 1962)
18 Jul 1924 - 8 Jun 1928 Ernest
Charteris Holford Wolff (b. 1875
- d. 1946)
23 Oct 1926 - 7 Mar 1927 Reginald
John Byard
Clayton (b.
1875 - d. 1962)
(acting)
11 Mar 1927 - 6 Nov 1927 Bertram Walter
Elles (acting) (b. 1877 - d.
1963)
8 Apr 1928 - 24 Mar 1932 James William
Simmons
(b. 1877 - d. 19..)
(acting to 8 Jun 1925)
2 Dec 1929 - 11 Oct 1930 Andrew
Caldecott (acting)
(b.
1884 - d. 1951)
27 Jul 1931 - 1936
John
Whitehouse Ward
Hughes (b.
1883 - d. 1946)
(acting 24 Mar 1932)
Dec 1936 -
1939
Gordon Lupton
Ham
(b. 1885 - d. 1965)
1939 - Feb 1942
John Vincent Cowgill
(1st time) (b. 1888 - d. 1959)
(Japanese prisoner Feb 1942-1945)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
13 Feb 1942 - 7 Mar 1942
Asaichirō Kurita
7 Mar 1942 - 12 Sep 1945
Saburō Hatta
(b. 1896 - d. 19..)
British Resident
Commissioners
1945 - 1946
John Vincent Cowgill (2nd time) (s.a.)
(civil affairs officer to 1946)
13 Sep 1945 - Mar 1946
James Calder (acting)
(b. 1898 - d. 1968)
1946 - May 1949
William Alexander Gordon-Hall
(b. 1894 - d. 1964)
Jun 1947 - Dec 1947 Ernest
Edgar
Pengilley
(b. 1897 - d. 1984)
(acting
for Gordon-Hall)
May 1949 - Nov 1950 Hugh
Patterson Croix de Guerre
(b. 1898 - d. 1977)
Bryson
Nov 1950 - Sep
1951 Anthony
Hyde
(b. 1900 - d. 1963)
1 Oct 1951 - 1955
Mervyn Cecil
Sheppard
(b. 1905 - d. 1994)
British Adviser
1955 - Jul 1956
Mervyn Cecil
Sheppard
(s.a.)
Jul 1956
post abolished
�Full style of the ruler: Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negri Sembilan ("He who is the highest Lord of Negri Sembilan").
As noted, Negeri Sembilan ("Nine States") is nominally a confederation of several (originally nine) states. The six surviving states, with an occasional subsidiary state, are recorded below. The premier state (whose ruler substitutes during vacancies in the office of Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan) is Sungai Ujong.
![[Luak Inas flag
(Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my-ns-LLin.png "[Luak Inas flag
(Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
c.1750 Luak Inas (also called Jelai) founded.
Rulers (title Undang Luak Inas)
.... -
....
Embun Serin (f)
.... -
....
Bayan
.... -
1810
Datuk Rambutan Jantan
(d. 1810)
1810 -
....
Datuk Nuri
.... -
....
Mantik
.... -
....
Cenderong
.... -
....
Sohat
.... -
....
Biong
.... -
....
Omar
.... -
1915
Sulung
(d.
1915)
1915 - 1930?
Ujang bin Cepus
1931 -
19..
Abdul Ghani bin Layar
19.. - 1957
Bacik bin Abdul Rahman
(d. 1957)
1957 - 9 Jul 1980
Rentah bin
Takin
(d. 1980)
1980 -
....
Mohd. Yusuf bin Bador
....
-
Mohammad Ariff bin Sidek
Jelebu
![[Luak Jelebu flag (Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my_jelebu.gif "[Luak Jelebu flag (Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
1757
Ruler of Luak Jelebu adopts
style of sultan.
1820 -
1884
Parallel government headed by a yang
di-pertuan muda Jelebu.
1886 -
1895
Separate British protectorate.
Sultans and rulers (title Undang Luak Jelebu)
1757 -
17..
Datuk Moyang Saleh
17.. -
17..
Datuk Bukor
17.. -
17..
Datuk Bakul
17.. -
17..
Datuk Yunus
17.. -
18..
Datuk Lob
18.. - c.1820
Datuk Durama
(d. c.1820)
c.1820
Datuk Penghulu Rangga Ali Tua Tuk
Gila "Durongga"
18.. -
18..
Datuk Pandak
18.. -
18..
Datuk Mahmud (= Kulup Tunggal)
18.. - 1883?
Datuk Ibrahim
1883? -
1902
Datuk Saiyid Ali
(b. 18.. - d. 1902)
1902 - Aug 1945
Datuk Abdullah ibni Panglima Muda (b. 1870 - d.
1945)
1945 - Dec
1962
Datuk Shamaruddin ibni Abdul (b.
1903? - d. 1962)
Rahman
1962 -
1966
Datuk Othman ibni Baginda (acting) (b. 1911 - d. ....)
1966 - 20 Nov
1979
Datuk Abu
Bakar
(d. 1979)
4 Feb 1980 - 11 Sep 2014 Datuk Musa bin
Wahab
(b. 1937 - d. 2014)
9 Apr 2016 - 30 Mar 2017 Muhamed Azafean
Muhamad Fahmi (b. 1976?)
(appointment declared illegal)
20 Dec 2018
-
Datuk Maarof Mat
Rashad
(b. 1957)
Rulers (title Yang di-Pertuan Muda Jelebu)
1820 -
18..
Tengku Ahmad Shah bin Singkul
18.. -
c.1872
Tengku Jaya bin
Sabun
(d. c.1872)
c.1872 -
1875
Tengku Etet bin
Jaya
(d. 1875)
1875 - 13 Dec
1884
Tengku Abdullah bin
Radin
(d. 1884)
Dec 1884 - Mar
1886 Tengku
Nambul bin Abdullah
British Collectors (subordinated to
British Residents in Sungai Ujong)
8 Jun 1885 - 1890
Edward Peregrine Gueritz
(b. 1855 - d. 1938)
1890 - 1897
Arthur Louis
Keyser
(b. 1856 - d. 1924)
Jempol
![[Luak Jempol, Jelebu
flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my-jempol.png "[Luak
Jempol, Jelebu flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
c.1750 Luak Jempol founded, under suzerainty of Jelebu.
Rulers (title Penghulu Luak Jempol)
.... -
....
Daim
.... -
....
Cap
.... -
....
Rial
.... -
....
Matik
c.1839
Hasan
.... -
....
Johan
.... -
1916
Shukul
1916 -
19..
Abdul Wahab
c.1966 - ....
Sulaiman bin Abdullah
28 Nov 2016 - 19 Nov 2021 Abd Hafit Anuar Abu
Bakar (b. 1957?
- d. 2021)
4 Aug 2022
-
Mazri bin Haji Mansol
Johol
![[Luak Johol flag (Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my_johol.gif "[Luak Johol flag (Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
1723 State of Pasir Besar renamed Luak Johol.
Rulers (title Undang Luak Johol)
1723 -
1747
Datuk Putri Setiawan I (f)
1747 -
c.1760
Datuk Rambut Panjang
(f)
(d. c.1760)
c.1760 -
c.1790
Datuk Putri Setiawan II
(f) (d.
c.1790)
c.1790 -
c.1810
Datuk Rambutan Jantan
c.1810 -
c.1820
Datuk Nuri
c.1820 -
c.1840
Datuk Abubakar Buncit (= Gubah)
c.1840 -
1900
Datuk
Saeto
(b. 1810? - d. 1900)
1901 - Feb
1918
Datuk Wan Omar bin Wan
Hasan (b. 18.. - d.
1918)
Mar 1918 - 14 Aug 1947 Datuk
Kamat bin
Sulaiman
(b. 1880 - d. 1947)
Oct 1947 - 10 Oct 1973 Datuk
Abdul Manap bin
Tolok (b. 1907
- d. 1973)
10 Oct 1973 - 4 Apr 1985 Datuk Abdul Majid
bin Abdul Wahid (b. 1902 - d. 1985)
4 Apr 1985 - 29 Sep 1988 Datuk Abdul
Rahman bin Mat Som (b. 1909 - d.
1988)
29 Sep 1988 - 13 Mar 2007 Datuk Abdul bin
Ali
(b. 1923 - d. 2007)
13 Mar 2007 - Aug 2016 Datuk Muhammad
bin Abdul Ghani (b. 1940)
15 Dec 2016
-
Datuk Muhammad bin
Abdullah (b.
1966)
![Luak Ulu Muar, Johol
flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my-05-um.gif "Luak Ulu
Muar, Johol flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
c.1750 Luak Ulu Muar founded, under suzerainty of Johol.
Rulers (title Datuk Penghulu Luak Ulu
Muar)
.... -
177.
Datuk Naam bin Khatib Akhir
177. -
....
Datuk Mindek
.... -
....
Datuk Mopeng
.... -
....
Datuk Ajong
.... -
....
Datuk Jaalam
.... -
....
Datuk Talun
1824? -
1839?
Datuk Bongkok Abdul Malik
.... -
....
Datuk Sidin
1910 -
19..
Datuk Hashim
c.1966
Datuk Jailani
2009? -
Datuk Mansor
Yusof
Rembau
![[Luak Rembau flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my_rembau.gif "[Luak Rembau flag (Negeri
Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
1540
Luak Rembau founded.
1798 -
1836
Parallel government headed by a yang di-pertuan muda
Rembau.
1887 -
1895
Separate British protectorate.
Rulers (title Undang Luak Rembau)
c.1690 -
c.1725
Datuk Sedia Raja Kurup
c.1725 -
c.1750
Datuk Sedia Raja Sabat
c.1750 -
c.1790
Datuk Lela Maharaja Lulinsoh
c.1790 -
c.1795
Datuk Sedia Raja Pekak
c.1795 -
1812
Datuk Lela Maharaja Kusil bin Uban
1812 -
1819
Datuk Sedia Raja
Bogok
(d. 1819)
1819 -
1843
Datuk Lela Maharaja Nganit
1843 - 1871
Datuk Sedia Raja Akhir
1871 -
1883
Datuk Lela Maharaja Sahil
1883 -
1905
Datuk Sedia Raja Serun bin Saidin (b. 18.. - d.
1905)
1905 -
1922
Datuk Lela Maharaja Sulung bin
Miah
(d. 1922)
1922 -
1938
Datuk Sedia Raja Abdullah bin
Dahan
(d. 1938)
1938 - Dec
1962
Datuk Lela Maharaja Ipap
bin (d. 1962)
Abdullah
19 Jan 1963 - 21 Sep 1998 Datuk Sedia Raja Adnan
bin Maah (b. 1931 - d. 1998)
21 Nov 1998 - 15 May 2024 Datuk Lela Maharaja
Muhammad bin
Sharif
Othman
(b. 1941 - d. 2024)
22 Aug 2024
-
Datuk Sedia Raja Abd Rahim Yassin (b. 1956?)
Rulers (title Yang di-Pertuan Muda Rembau)
1798 -
1813
Raja
Asil
(d. bf.1824)
(later named Sultan Muhammad Shah)
1813 - 13 Sep
1832
Raja Ali bin Daeng
Alampaki (d.
1850)
13 Sep 1832 -
1836
Saiyid Shaaban ibn Saiyid Ibrahim (d. 1872)
al-Qadri
Gunung Pasir
![[Luak Gunung Pasir,
Rembau flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my-ns-LLgp.png "[Luak
Gunung Pasir, Rembau flag (Negeri Sembilan,
Malaysia)]")
c.1750 Luak Gunung Pasir founded, under suzerainty of Rembau.
Rulers (title Penghulu Luak Gunung Pasir)
.... -
....
Meshit
.... -
....
Tuakal
.... -
....
Mantik
.... -
....
Budin
.... -
....
Malik
.... -
....
Uteh
.... -
....
Alam
.... -
....
Kandak
.... -
....
Pacoh (= Mentadoh)
.... -
....
Lahu
.... -
....
Muhammad Amin
c.1920
Basir
c.1966
Shamsuddin bin Bahali
.... - 29 Jan 2011 Harun
Bidin
(b. 19.. - d. 2011)
25 Jun 2011
-
Hanizam
Harun
(b. 1963)
(from 14 Jan 2023, Dato' Hanizam Harun)
Sungai Ujong
![[Luak Sungai Ujong
flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my_sungeiujong.gif "[Luak Sungai
Ujong flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]")
bf.1700
Luak Sungai Ujong founded.
1874 - 1895
Separate British protectorate (then spelled Sungie
Ujong).
Rulers (title Penghulu Mentri)
.... -
....
Datuk Penghulu Kadim
.... -
....
Datuk Penghulu Pandak
.... -
c.1760
Datuk Penghulu Chantak
(= Rumah Gadong)
Rulers (title Undang Luak Sungai Ujong)
c.1760 -
c.1780
Datuk Bador
c.1780 -
c.1800
Datuk Leha
c.1800 -
c.1824
Datuk Bahi
c.1824 -
c.1850
Datuk
Kawal
(d. c.1850)
c.1850 - 1873
Datuk
Sendeng
(d. 1873)
1873 -
1881
Datuk Saiyid Abdul Rahman bin
Ahmad
al-Qadri
(d. 1881)
1879 - 17 Feb
1880 Saiyid
Ahmad bin Saiyid Ibrahim
al-Qadri
-Regent
1881 -
1889
Datuk Lela Setia Muhammad Yusof
bin Hashim
1889 - 15 Dec
1945
Datuk Maamor bin
Kasim
(b. 1880 - d. 1945)
1889 - 1898
.... -Regent
26 Mar 1946 - 23 Oct 1983 Datuk Muhammad Kasim
ibni Datuk (b. 1904 - d. 1983)
Andika Abdul Rahim
23 Oct 1983 - 29 Dec 1993 Interregnum
29 Dec 1993
-
Datuk Mubarak bin
Thahak
(b. 1961)
British Assistant Residents in Sungai Ujong
(including Jelebu)
(subordinated to British Residents in
Selangor 1 Jul 1893 - 1 Jan 1895)
Dec 1874 - Apr 1875 Walter
John Tatham (acting) (b.
1841 - d. 1923)
1875 - Apr
1875
H. Palmer (acting for Tatham)
Apr 1875 -
1881
Patrick James Murray
(b. c.1837 - d. 1881)
(acting to 18..)
1881 - 30 Jun 1893
William
Francis Bourne
Paul (b. 1844
- d. 1930)
27 Aug 1889 - 30 Jun 1890 Walter Raymond
Hallowell Carew (b. 1853 - d.
1896)
(acting for Paul)
1 Jul 1893 - 5 Dec 1893 Walter
Egerton
(b. 1858 - d. 1947)
(officer
in charge)
6 Dec 1893 - 1 Jan 1895 Robert
Norman
Bland
(b. 1859 - d. 1948)
(officer
in charge)
![Luak Terachi, Sungai
Ujong flag (Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)]](my-ns-LLte.png "[Luak
Terachi, Sungai Ujong flag (Negeri Sembilan,
Malaysia)]")
c.1750 Luak Terachi founded, under suzerainty of Sungai Ujong.
Rulers (title Penghulu Luak Terachi)
.... -
....
Ahmad bin Mantris Maharaja
.... -
....
Tengkis
.... -
....
Tuk "Pecat"
.... -
....
Dato
.... -
....
Linsoh
c.1839
Sulung
.... -
....
Said
.... -
....
Adil
.... -
1919
Jaal
1919 -
19..
Sohor
19.. -
19..
Arifin
19.. -
19..
Ujang bin Yahya
c.1966 - ....
Lebai Hussin
19 May 1990
-
Mohamad Nasir bin Haji Nordin
Tampin
13 Sep 1832 Luak Tampin founded.
Rulers (title from 1883, Tunku Besar Tampin)
13 Sep 1832 - 1856
Raja Ali bin Daeng
Alampaki (b.
c.1784 - d. 1856)
1856 -
1872
Saiyid Shaaban ibni Saiyid Ibrahim
al-Qadri
(d. 1872)
1872 - 1894
Saiyid Abdul Hamid ibni Saiyid
Shaaban
al-Qadri
(d. 1894)
1894 -
19..
Saiyid Dewa ibni Saiyid Abdul
Hamid al-Qadri
19.. -
19..
Saiyid Akil ibni Saiyid Dewa
al-Qadri
19.. - May
1929
Saiyid Muhammad ibni Saiyid Dewa
al-Qadri
(d. 1929)
May 1929 - 26 Dec 2005 Saiyid
Idris ibni Saiyid Muhammad
al-Qadri
(b. 1927 - d. 2005)
May 1929 - 21 Dec 1945
Sharifah Leng bint Saiyid Abdul
Hamid (f) -Regent
26 Dec 2005
-
Saiyid Razman ibni Saiyid Idris (b.
1962)
al-Qadri
Pahang
|
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![[Pahang Flag to
1887 (Malaysia)]](ana-n.gif "[Pahang Flag to 1887
(Malaysia)]")
![[Pahang Flag 1887-1903
(Malaysia)]](mal_ph1.gif "[Pahang
Flag 1887-1903 (Malaysia)]")
![[Pahang
(Malaysia)]](my-pahan.gif "[Pahang (Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Kuantan (Kuala Lipis 1898-1955; Pekan to 1898) Royal capital: Pekan |
Hear
State Anthem "Allah Selamatkan Sultan Kami" (God Save Our Sultan) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 1925 |
Population:
1,591,295 (2020); 261,293 (1949) |
| Former Military Force:
see under Selangor |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 30 Jul Sultan of Pahang's Birthday |
Constitution (1948/1963) |
1460
Negeri Pahang Darul Makmur
("State of Pahang, the Abode of
Tranquility") established.
1623 -
1853
In personal union with Johor,
eventually becoming a
fief of the Bendahara.
1770 - 1882
Nominally under suzerainty of Johor.
Aug 1888 - 31 Aug 1957 British
protectorate.
1 Jul
1896
Part of Federated Malay States.
3 Jan 1942 - 12 Sep
1945 Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Rulers, with the title Bendahara Seri Maharaja
1699 - 28 Jan 1708
Tun Mas Anum bin Tun Habib
Abdul (d. 1708)
Majid
1708 -
1716
Tun Abdullah bin Tun Habib Abdul (d. 1716)
Majid
1716 -
1721
Tun Abdul Djamal bin Tun Habib
(d. af.1721)
Abdul Majid
1722 - c.1734
Tun Abbas bin Sultan Abdul Djalil (d. af.1734)
Riayat Shah
c.1734 - 1750
Tun Mutahir bin Sultan Abdul
(d. af.1750)
Djalil Riayat Shah
1750 - 1770
Tun Hasan bin Tun Abbas
(d. 1770)
1770 -
1802
Tun Abdul Majid bin Tun
Hasan (b. 1718 - d. 1802)
1802 -
1803
Tun Muhammad bin Tun Abdul Majid (b. 17.. -
d. 1803)
1803 -
1806
Tun Koris bin Tun Abdul
Majid (b. 17.. - d. 1806)
1806 - Oct 1858
Tun Ali bin Tun
Koris
(b. 1782 - d. 1858)
Oct 1858 - 30 May 1863
Tun Muhammad Tahir bin Tun
Ali (b. 1813 - d. 1863)
30 May 1863 - 3 Jun 1863
Muda Koris bin Tun Muhammad Tahir (b. 18.. - d.
1863)
10 Jun 1863 - 6 Aug 1882
Tun Ahmad bin Tun
Ali
(b. 1836 - d. 1914)
Sultans�
6 Aug 1882 - 3 Apr 1909 Tuanku Ahmad
al-Mu'adzam Shah ibni (s.a.)
al-Marhum Tun Ali (from 9 Nov 1902,
Tuanku Sir Ahmad al-Mu'adzam
Shah
ibni
al-Marhum Tun Ali)
3 Apr 1909 - 19 Jun 1917 Tuanku Mahmud
Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ahmad al-Mu'adzam Shah (b. 1868
- d. 1917)
19 Jun 1917 - 23 Jun 1932 Tuanku Abdullah
al-Mutasim Billah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
al-Mu'adzam
Shah
(b. 1874 - d. 1932)
(from 3 Jun 1921, Tuanku Sir
Abdullah
al-Mutasim Billah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Ahmad al-Mu'adzam Shah)
23 Jun 1932 - 7 May 1974 Tuanku Abu Bakar
Ri'ayatuddin
al-Mu'adzam Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan
Abdullah
(b. 1904 - d. 1975)
(from 3 Jun 1935, Tuanku Sir Abu
Bakar
Ri'ayatuddin al-Mu'adzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdullah)
7 May 1974 - 15 Jan 2019
Tuanku Ahmad Shah
al-Mustain (b. 1930
- d. 2019)
Billah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abu
Bakar Ri'ayatuddin al-Mu'adzam Shah
29 Mar 1979 - 25 Apr 1984 Tengku Abdullah -Regent
(1st time) (b. 1959)
28 Dec 2016 - 15 Jan 2019
Tengku Abdullah -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.)
15 Jan 2019 -
Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin
al-Mustafa (s.a.)
Billah Shah ibni (from 22 May
2019, al-Marhum) Sultan Ahmad
Shah al-Musta'in Billah
31 Jan 2019 - 31 Jan 2024 Tengku Hassanal -Regent
(b. 1995)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 1 Feb 1951 Dato'
Setia Wangsa Sir Mahmud bin (b. c.1894 - d.
1971)UNMO
Mat
1 Feb 1951 - 1 Feb 1955 Tengku
Panglima Perang Tengku (b.
1901 - d. 1957) UMNO
Mohamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad (1st time)
1 Feb 1955 - 15 Jun 1955 Orang Kaya
Indera Shahbandar Abdul
Razak bin
Hussein
(b. 1922 - d. 1976) UMNO+PP
15 Jun 1955 - 8 Jan 1957 Tengku
Panglima Perang Tengku
Muhamad ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
UMNO+PP
9 Jan 1957 - 18 Jul
1959 Datuk Kurnia Paduka Raja Abdullah
UMNO+PP
bin Tok Muda Ibrahim
18 Jul 1959 - 5 May 1964 Orang Kaya
Indera Pahlawan Wan (b. 1914 - d.
....) UMNO+PP
Abdul Aziz bin Ungku Abdullah
5 May 1964 - 1 Sep 1972 Dato'
Pentara Raja Tan Sri Yahaya (b. 19.. - d.
2011) UMNO+PP
bin Mohd Seth
1 Sep 1972 - 18 Jul 1974 Datuk
Abdul Aziz Ahmad
UMNO+PP;1973 BN
19 Jul 1974 - 18 Jul 1978 Datuk Seri Mohamad bin
Jusoh (b. 1912 - d.
1985) UMNO+BN
19 Jul 1978 - 7 Nov 1981 Datuk Abdul
Rahim bin Bakar (b. 1943 - d.
2009) UMNO+BN
11 Nov 1981 - 4 May 1982 Datuk Abdul
Rashid bin Abdul (b. 1938 - d.
2018) UMNO+BN
Rahman
4 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986 Dato' (from
24 Oct 1985, Dato'
Seri) Najib Tun
Razak
(b.
1953)
UMNO+BN
14 Aug 1986 - 20 May 1999 Dato' (from 24
Oct 1987, Dato'
Seri; from 24 Apr 1989, Tan Sri)
Khalil
Yaakob
(b.
1937)
UMNO+BN
20 May 1999 - 15 May 2018 Dato' (from 24
Oct 1999, Dato'
Seri; from 9 Oct 2004, Datuk Seri)
Adnan
Yaakob
(b.
1950)
UMNO+BN
15 May 2018
-
Dato' Sri Wan Rosdy bin Wan Ismail (b. 1958)
UMNO+BN
British Residents
Oct 1888 - Jun
1896 John
Pickersgill
Rodger
(b. 1851 - d. 1910)
Oct 1890 - Dec 1891 Hugh
Clifford (acting for Rodger) (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
Mar 1893 - May 1894 Hugh
Clifford (acting for Rodger) (s.a.)
29 May 1894 - 9 Jul 1895 Walter Egerton
(acting for Rodger) (b. 1858 - d. 1947)
Jul 1894 - Sep 1895 Hugh
Clifford (acting for Rodger) (s.a.)
Oct 1895 - Jun
1896 Dacres
Hope Wise
(b.
1865 - d. 1903)
(acting for Roger)
Jul 1896 - Apr 1899
Hugh Clifford (1st
time)
(s.a.)
Apr 1899 - 18 Jan 1901 Arthur
Butler
(b. 18.. - d. 1901)
(acting to Dec 1899)
Feb 1901 - Mar 1901
Dacres Hope Wise
(s.a.)
(acting for Butler)
5 Apr 1901 - 14 Sep 1904 Sir Hugh Clifford
(2nd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1901 - 3 Apr 1903 Frederic
Duberly
(b. 1859 - d. 1903)
(acting for Clifford)
4 Apr 1903 - 3 Nov 1903
Douglas Graham
Campbell
(b. 1867 - d. 1918)
(acting for Clifford)
4 Nov 1903 - 2 Mar
1904 Warren Delabere
Barnes
(b. 1865 - d. 1911)
(acting for Clifford)
3 Mar 1904 - 27 Mar 1908 Cecil John
Wray
(b. 1850 - d. 1946)
(acting to 13 Sep 1904)
1 Jan 1908 - 15 Jan 1908 John
Fortescue
Owen
(b. 1869 - d. 1942)
(acting for Wray)
16 Jan 1908 - 13 Dec 1908 Harvey
Chevallier
(b. 1861 - d. 1923)
(acting for Wray)
21 Oct 1908 - 31 Dec 1909 Edward
Lewis Brockman
(b. 1865 - d. 1943)
1 Jan 1910 - 8 Jun
1911 Warren Delabere
Barnes
(s.a.)
10 Mar 1911 - 4 Feb 1916
Edward John
Brewster
(b. 1861 - d. 1931)
(acting for
Brewster to 8 Jun 1911)
25 Mar 1912 - 2 Apr 1913 Frederick
Joseph Weld
(b. 1870 - d. 1926)
(acting for Brewster)
28 Nov 1915 - 17 Feb 1916 Frederick Joseph
Weld
(s.a.)
(acting for Brewster)
5 Feb 1916 - 13 Jul 1921 Cecil
William Chase
Parr
(b. 1871 - d. 1943)
10 Jun 1920 - 10 Apr 1921 Walter
Dare
Scott
(b. 1870 - d. 1935)
(acting for Parr)
14 Jul 1921 - 25 Feb 1926 Henry Wagstaffe
Thomson
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
8 Nov 1921 - 13 Sep 1922
Francis Alexander Stewart
(b. 1873 - d. 1947)
McClelland (acting for
Thomson)
28 Feb 1924 - 26 Feb 1925 Alwyn
Sidney Haynes (1st time) (b. 1878 -
d. 1963)
(acting for Thomson)
20 Dec 1925 - 14 Feb 1929 Arthur
Furley
Worthington
(b. 1874 - d. 1964)
(acting for Thomson to 25 Feb 1926)
10 Sep 1926 - 5 May 1927 Alwyn Sidney Haynes
(2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting
for Worthington)
16 Nov 1928 - 22 Jun 1929 Charles Francis Joseph
Green (b. 1875 - d.
1943)
(acting for Worthington, then Cochrane)
15 Feb 1929 - 22 Jun 1929 Charles Walter Hamilton
Cochrane (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
23 Jun 1929 - 1 Apr 1930 Charles
Francis Joseph Green (s.a.)
23 Mar 1930 - 1 Apr 1930 Hugh Goodwin
Russell Leonard (b.
1880 - d. 1954)
(acting for Green)
2 Apr 1930 - 18 Oct 1930
Hugh Goodwin Russell
Leonard (s.a.)
(1st time)
18 Oct 1930 - 14 May 1931 John
Whitehouse Ward
Hughes (b.
1883 - d. 1946)
(acting for Leonard)
15 May 1931 - Apr
1935 Hugh Goodwin Russell
Leonard (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Jul 1933 - Dec 1933 John
Erskine Kempe
(b. 1888 - d. 1953)
(acting for Leonard)
Apr 1935 - Feb 1942
Charles Cuthbert Brown
(b. 1888 - d. 1972)
(acting to Sep 1935)
(Japanese prisoner 1942 - 1945)
Mar 1937 - Jan
1938 John
Vincent Cowgill
(b. 1888 - d. 1959)
(acting for Brown)
Jun 1940 - Mar 1941 George
William Bryant
(b. 1887 - d. 1969)
(acting for Brown)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
15 Jan 1942 - 7 Mar 1942 Takeshi
Fukunaga
7 Mar 1942 - 11 May 1942 Saburō
Hatta
(b. 1896 - d. 19..)
11 May 1942 - 5 Mar 1945 Oka Toshikazu
5 Mar 1942 - Aug 1945 Itsu Mikoma
British Resident Commissioners
Aug 1945 - Sep 1945
J. Douglas
Richardson (acting) (b. 1899 - d.
19..)
(military commander)
Sep 1945 - Nov
1945 George
Evan Cameron
Wisdom
(b. 1899 - d. 1958)
(senior civil affairs officer)
Nov 1945 - Jun 1946 John
Allen Harvey (1st time) (b.
1900 - d. 1991)
(senior civil affairs officer to 31 Mar 1946,
then acting)
9 Jun 1946 - 8 Jul 1946 Arthur Vincent
Aston (acting) (b. 1896 - d.
1981)
Jul 1946 - Aug 1947
Arthur Sleep
(b. 1894 - d. 1959)
Aug 1947 - Mar 1948
John Allan Harvey (2nd time)
(s.a.)
(acting)
Mar 1948 - Mar
1953 Wilfred
Charles Steuart Corry
(b. 1900 - d. 1974)
(acting
to Nov 1948)
Apr 1950 - Nov 1950
Anthony Hyde (acting for Corry) (b. 1900 -
d. 1963)
Mar 1953 - Jul 1953
John Lewis Haycraft Davis
(acting) (b. 1911 - d. 2006)
Jul 1953 - Oct 1954 John
Allen Harvey (3rd time)
(s.a.)
Oct 1954 - Feb 1955 Jonathan
Edgar Meredith
Cave (b. 1913 - d.
1968)
(acting)
British Adviser
Feb 1955 - 31 Jul 1956 Maurice John
Hayward
(b. 1906 - d. 2001)
(acting to Apr 1955)
31 Jul
1956
Post abolished
�Full style of the ruler: KeBawah
Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara
Pahang Darul Makmur ("Sultan and Head of State of
Pahang").
Patani: see under Thailand
Penang (Pinang)
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![[British
Colony of Penang 1946-1957 state ensign
(Malaya)]](my-pe-gb1.jpg "[British Colony of Penang
1946-1957 state ensign (Malaya)]")
![[Penang, 1949-1965
state flag (Malaya)]](my-p2.gif "[Penang,
1949-1965 state flag (Malaya)]")
![[Penang
(Malaysia)]](my-p.gif "[Penang (Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
George Town (Kempettai 1942-1945) |
Hear
State Anthem "Untuk Negeri Kita" (For Our State) Adopted 1972 |
Local Holiday:
2nd Sat. in Jul. Birthday of Yang di-Pertua Negeri Pulau Pinang |
Constitution (1957/1963) |
Population: 1,740,405 (2020) |
17 Jul
1786
Francis Light of the British
East India Company sails to Penang
Island.
11 Aug 1786
Prince of Wales' Island (Penang),
with capital at George Town, ceded
to British East India Company by Sultan of Kedah (then spelled
Quedah); administered as part of Bengal
Presidency to 1805 when
Penang is made a separate Presidency.
11 Aug 1786 - 1 Nov 1858 Under
British East India Company rule.
12 Apr 1791
Failed attempt by Sultan of Kedah to retake Penang,
results in
amity treaty on 1 May 1791.
7 Jul 1800
Province Wellesley (Seberang Perai) on mainland ceded to
U.K. by
Kedah (by treaty of 6 Jun 1800, confirmed Nov 1802).
Sep 1805 - 1826
Prince of Wales' Island
Presidency (under British East India Co.),
subordinated to the Governor-general in Bengal.
18 Oct
1826
Island of Pangkor and Sembilan Islands ceded to U.K. by
Perak.
14 Aug 1826 - 1 Apr 1946 Part of the
Straits Settlements (see Singapore)(Settlement
of Penang).
7 Apr 1838
Penang Island name comes back into use with "The
Penang Gazette and
Straits Chronicle."
20 Jan
1874
Dindings Territory ceded by Perak to U.K. as a
dependency of Penang.
16 Feb
1935
Dindings Territory, including Pangkor Island, restored
to Perak.
(by treaty of 6 Jun 1934).
16 Dec
1941
British military evacuate Penang in the face of Japanese
invasion.
19 Dec 1941 - 3 Sep 1945 Occupied by
Japan (Penang is renamed Tōjō-tō [Tojo Island]).
3 Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946
British military administration.
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963,
Malaysia)(Settlement of Penang).
31 Aug
1957
State of Penang (Negeri Pulau Pinang).
Superintendents
11 Aug 1786 - 21 Nov 1789
Francis Light (1st time)
(b.
1740 - d. 1794)
21 Nov 1789 - 9 Feb 1790 John Glass
(acting)
(b. 1760 - d. 1793)
9 Feb 1790 - 21 Oct 1794 Francis
Light (2nd time)
(s.a.)
21 Oct 1794 - 14 May 1795 Philip Manington
(Mannington) (d. 1806)
(acting)
14 May 1795 - 31 Jan 1796 Thomas Pigou (acting)
(b. 1765
- d. 1796)
31 Jan 1796 - 14 May 1796 John Beanland (acting)
14 May 1796 - May 1799 Forbes
Ross
MacDonald
(b. 1755 - d. 1799)
8 Sep 1797 - 19 Apr 1800
George Caunter
(b. 1758 - d. 1805)
(acting [for MacDonald to 1799])
Lieutenant governors
20 Apr 1800 - 1 Jan 1804 Sir George
Leith
(b. 1766 - d. 1842)
2 Dec 1802 - 13 May 1803
William Edward Phillips
(b. 1769 - d. 1865)
(acting for Leith)
2 Jan 1804 - Sep
1805 Robert Townsend
Farquhar
(b. 1776 - d. 1830)
Jul 1804 - Mar
1805 William
Edward
Phillips
(s.a.)
(acting for Farquhar)
Governors
Sep 1805 - 8 Apr 1807
Philip
Dundas
(b. 1762 - d. 1807)
13 Apr 1807 - 16 Oct 1807 Henry Shepherd Pearson
(acting) (b. 1776 - d. 1840)
16 Oct 1807 -
1810
Norman
Macalister
(b. 1760 - d. 1810)
21 Mar 1810 - 27 Dec 1810 Charles Andrew
Bruce
(b. 1768 - d. 1810)
28 Dec 1810 - 1811
William
Edward Phillips (1st time) (s.a.)
(acting)
9 May 1811 - 1812
Archibald Seton
(b. 1758 - d. 1818)
Dec 1812 - 27 Oct 1816 William
Petrie
(b. 1748 - d. 1816)
Oct 1816 -
1817
William Edward Phillips (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
24 Nov 1817 - 8 Aug 1819 John Alexander
Bannerman
(b. 1758 - d. 1819)
1819 - 20 Aug
1824
William Edward Phillips (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting
to 4 Jun 1820)
20 Aug 1824 - 1 Aug 1826 Robert
Fullerton
(b. 1773 - d. 1831)
Resident Councillors
1825 - 13 Jul 1826
William Armstrong Clubley
(b. 1788 - d. 1826)
1 Aug 1826 - 12 Nov 1830 Robert
Ibbetson
(b. 1789 - d. 1860)
(acting
from 30 Jun 1830)
5 Nov 1828 - 13 Apr 1829 John Anderson
(acting for Ibbetson)(b. 1795 - d. 1845)
Deputy Residents and Resident Councillors
1 May 1830 - 12 Nov 1830 Robert
Ibbetson
(s.a.)
12 Nov 1830 - Nov 1833
Kenneth
Murchison
(b. 1794 - d. 1854)
(acting to 10 Apr 1832)
Nov 1833 - Jul
1841 James
William Salmond
(b. 1807 - d. 1848)
Dec 1838 - 1839
James Low (acting for
Salmond) (b. 1791 - d. 1852)
Jul 1841 - 21 Sep 1849 Samuel Garling
(b. 1793 - d. 1857)
Resident Councillors
21 Sep 1849 - 15 Apr 1855 Edmund
Augustus Blundell (b.
1804 - d. 1868)
15 Apr 1855 - Apr 1860
William Thomas
Lewis
(b. 1791 - d. 1875)
1859 - 1860
George Samuel Windsor
Earl (b.
1813 - d. 1865)
(acting for Lewis)
1860 -
1867
Henry Stuart
Man
(b. 1815 - d. 1898)
9 Jun 1863 - 1863
Montague Protheroe (acting for
Man)(b. 1841 - d. 1905)
Lieutenant-Governors
8 Jun 1867 - 19 Feb 1871 Archibald Edward
Harbord Anson (b. 1826 - d.
1925)
(1st time)
19 Feb 1871 - 4 Mar 1871 David Thompson
Hatchell (acting) (b. 1840 - d. 1926)
4 Mar 1871 - 1 Apr 1872 Arthur Nonus
Birch (acting) (b. 1837 - d.
1919)
1 Apr 1872 -
1873 Sir
George William Robert Campbell (b. 1835 - d. 1905)
(acting)
1873 - 2 Feb 1881
Archibald Edward Harbord
Anson (s.a.)
(2nd time)
May 1877 - Oct
1877 Edward
Wingfield
Shaw
(b. 1827 - d. 1879)
(acting for Anson)
1879
Edward
Richard Connor
(b. 1848 - d. 1903)
(acting for Anson)
Feb 1879 - 1880
Charles John
Irving
(b. 1831 - d. 1917)
(acting for Anson)
Feb 1881 - 1882
John Frederick
Adolphus McNair (b. 1828 - d. 1910)
(acting)
1881
Charles James Hamilton
(acting for McNair)
Resident Councillors
1882 - 9 Aug 1884
John Frederick Adolphus McNair
(s.a.)
(acting)
1884 - 1885
Samuel Dunlop (acting)
(b. 1838 - d. 1917)
1885 - 13 May
1887
Charles John
Irving
(s.a.)
13 May 1887 - Apr 1889
Sir William Edward Maxwell
(b. 1846 - d. 1897)
(acting)
25 Apr 1889 - 9 Mar 1890 Charles
Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (b. 1849 -
d. 1940)
(1st time)(acting)
10 Mar 1890 - Mar 1897 Allan
Maclean
Skinner
(b. 1846 - d. 1901)
24 Oct 1891 - Mar 1892 Henry Trotter
(acting for Skinner) (b. 1837 - d. 1911)
30 Nov 1894 - 7 Dec 1895 Henry
Trotter (acting for Skinner) (s.a.)
1897
Francis James
Anderson (b.
18.. - d. 1920)
(acting for Skinner)
3 Mar 1897 - 3 Apr 1900
James Kortright Birch (1st time) (b. 1850 - d.
1927)
(acting)
3 Apr 1900 - 1901
Charles Walter Sneyd-Kynnersley (s.a.)
(2nd time)
28 Feb 1901 - 6 Apr 1901 Sir Walter Egerton
(acting) (b.
1858 - d. 1947)
Apr 1901 - 1906
James Kortright Birch (2nd time) (s.a.)
1 Jun 1905 - 1905
Leonard Powney Ebden
(b. 1864 - d. 1934)
(acting
for Birch)
22 Nov 1906 - 22 Feb 1908 Robert Norman Bland (1st
time) (b. 1859 - d. 1948)
(acting to 17 Feb 1907)
22 Feb 1908 - 7 May 1908
William Evans (1st time) (acting) (b. 1860 - d.
1936)
7 May 1908 - 29 Apr 1910
Robert Norman Bland (2nd time)
(s.a.)
28 May 1908 - 3 Jul 1908 Harold William
Firmstone (b.
1868 - d. 1932)
(acting
for Bland)
29 Apr 1910 - 17 Jan 1911 James Oliver
Anthonisz (acting) (b. 1860 - d. 1921)
21 Jan 1911 - 11 May 1912 William
Evans (2nd time)
(s.a.)
18 May 1912 - 29 Jan 1913 Walter Cecil Michell
(1st time) (b. 1864 - d. 1939)
(acting)
29 Jan 1913 - 13 Feb 1914 William Evans (3rd time)
(s.a.)
11 Feb 1914 - 24 Feb 1917 Alfred Thomas
Bryant
(b. 1860 - d. 1940)
26 Feb 1917 - 5 Oct 1917 William
Peel (1st time)(acting) (b. 1875 - d. 1940)
9 Oct 1917 - 20 Oct 1919 Walter Cecil
Michell (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Jul 1919 - 27 Feb 1920 Gilbert Amos Hall (1st
time) (b. 1867 - d. 1953)
(acting for Michell to 20 Oct 1919)
28 Feb 1920 - 31 Jan 1921 Harold William
Firmstone (acting) (s.a.)
31 Jan 1921 - 9 Sep 1922 Gilbert
Amos Hall (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Nov 1922 - 9 May 1925 Arthur
Blennerhassett
Voules (b. 1870 - d.
1954)
(acting to 9 Dec 1922)
11 May 1924 - 8 Oct 1924 Stewart Codrington
(b. 1874 - d. 1948)
(acting
for Voules)
10 May 1925 - 9 May 1926 William Peel (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
(acting to 9 Jul 1925)
30 Mar 1926 - 1 Apr 1926 George Arthur
Hereford (b.
1875 - d. 1950)
(acting for Peel)
May 1926 - 1928
Ralph Scott (acting to 9 Jun 1926)
(b. 1874 - d. 1962)
21 Apr 1928 - 9 Jan 1930 Meadows
Frost
(b. 1875 - d. 1954)
(acting to 8 Jul 1930)
9 Jan 1930 - 2 May 1931 Edward Wilmot
Francis Gilman (b.
1876 - d. 1955)
(acting to 17 Apr 1930)
2 May 1931 - Apr 1933
Percy Tothill
Allen
(b. 1878 - d. 1968)
(acting to 16 Aug 1931)
1 Apr 1933 - 20 Apr 1933
Arthur Vincent Aston (acting
(b. 1896 - d. 1981)
21 Apr 1933 - 24 Nov 1934 Arthur Mitchell Goodman
(1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1961)
(acting to 14 Oct 1933)
25 Nov 1934 - 29 Aug 1935 James Startin Wills
Arthur (acting)(b. 1881 - d. 1966)
29 Aug 1935 - 8 Dec 1937
Arthur Mitchell Goodman (2nd time) (s.a.)
24 Jul 1936 - 10 Aug 1936 Richard John
Froude Curtis (b. 1897 - d.
1987)
(acting for Goodman)
8 Dec 1937 - 6 Jul 1938 George
Alexander de Chazal
(b. 1888 - d. 1977)
Moubray (acting)
6 Jul 1938 - 2 Aug 1941
Arthur Mitchell Goodman (3rd time) (s.a.)
1941
Eric Tregear Williams (acting)
(b. 1890 - d. 1972)
5 Aug 1941 - 16 Dec 1941 Leslie
Forbes (acting)
(b. 1889 - d. 1982)
(Japanese prisoner Feb 1942-1945)
Chairman of the Penang Service Committee
17 Dec 1941 - 23 Dec 1941 Manicasothy
Saravanamuttu (b. 1895
- d. 1970)
(Japanese prisoner 25 Dec 1941-194.)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
20 Dec 1941 - Jan 1942 Toshiro
Hiroyasu
(d. 1942)
4 Jan 1942 - 7 Mar 1942
Nobuyoshi
Masaki
(d.
1948)
7 Mar 1942 - 20 Apr 1943 Shōtarō
Katayama
(b. 1889 - d. 1982)
20 Apr 1943 - 1 Jul 1944 Masakichi
Itami
(b. 1883 - d. 1964)
1944
S. Ikagawa (acting for Itami)
1 Jul 1944 - 3 Sep 1945
Seiichirō Shinohara
(b. 1884 - d. 1972)
British Military Governors
3 Sep 1945 - 24 Sep 1945
Thomas John Norman Hilken (acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1969)
(senior civil affairs officer)
24 Sep 1945 - 1 Nov 1945
Peter Dicken
Cracroft
(b. 1907 - d. 2003)
(military governor of Penang)
1 Nov 1945 -
1946
Lancelot Edgar Connop Mervyn (b.
1902 - d. 1982)
Perowne
(sub-area commander)
Resident Resident Commissioners
Sep 1945 - Nov 1945
John Allen Harvey
(b. 1900
- d. 1991)
(senior civil affairs officer)
1 Nov 1945 - 8 Mar 1946 Peter
Donald Macfeat (acting) (b.
1888 - d. 1982)
(senior civil affairs officer)
8 Mar 1946 - 12 May 1946
Norman Grice
(b. 1893 - d. 1966)
(senior civil affairs officer to 1 Apr 1946)
12 May 1946 - 29 Feb 1948 Sydney Noel
King
(b. 1897 - d. 1981)
29 Feb 1948 - 3 May 1948 George Evan
Cameron
Wisdom
(b. 1899 - d. 1958)
(acting)
3 May 1948 - 3 Nov 1951 Arthur
Vincent Aston
(s.a.)
3 Nov 1951 - 31 Aug 1957 Robert Porter
Bingham
(b. 1903 - d. 1982)
19 Apr 1952 - 26 Oct 1952 Norman Ward
(acting for Bingham) (b. 1904 - d. 1988)
25 Jun 1954 - 17 Jul 1954 John Sjovald Hoseason
Cunyngham- (b. 1905 - d. 1989)
Brown (acting for Bingham)
23 Dec 1954 - 30 Dec 1954 Herbert Raymond
Ellis
(b. 1905 - d. 1992)
(acting for Bingham)
30 Dec 1954 - 3 Aug 1955 David Gray (acting
for Bingham) (b. 1906 - d. 1976)
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertua Negeri Pulau
Pinang)
31 Aug 1957 - 30 Aug 1967 Raja Tun Sir Uda
Al-Haj bin Raja (b. 1894 - d. 1976)
Muhammad
31 Aug 1967 - 31 Jan 1969 Tun Syed Sheh bin Syed
Abdullah (b. 1910 - d.
1969)
Shahabuddin
5 Feb 1969 - 5 Feb 1975 Dato' (from
1970, Tun) Syed Sheh (b. 1906 - d. 1975)
Hassan Barakbah
5 Feb 1975 - 1 May 1981 Tan Sri
(from Jun 1976, Tun)
(b. 1917 - d. 1985)
Sardon Jubir
1 May 1981 - 1 May 1989 Awang Hassan
(from 1982, Tun Awang (b. 1910 - d. 1998)
Hassan)
1 May 1989 - 1 May 2001 Tan Sri
(from 7 Jun 1989, Tun) (b. 1921
- d. 2005)
Hamdan Sheikh Tahir
1 May 2001 - 1 May 2021 Dato' Seri
(from 9 Jul 2001, Tun) (b.
1938)
Abdul Rahman Abbas
1 May 2021 -
Tan Sri Ahmad Fuzi Abdul Razak
(b. 1949)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
12 Jun 1959 - 12 May 1969 Wong Pow Nee (from 31
Aug 1958, (b. 1911 - d. 2002)
MCA + PP
Dato' Wong Pow Nee; from 12 Apr
1966, Tan Sri Wong Pow
Nee)
12 May 1969 - 25 Oct 1990 Lim Chong
Eu
(b. 1919 - d. 2010) Gerakan+1973 BN
25 Oct 1990 - 11 Mar 2008 Koh Tsu
Koon
(b.
1949)
Gerakan + BN
(from 3 Jun 1995, Tan Sri Koh Tsu Koon)
11 Mar 2008 - 14 May 2018 Lim Guan Eng
(b. 1960)
DAP + PR;2015 PH
14 May 2018
-
Chow Kon
Yeow
(b.
1958)
DAP + PH
Perak
|
|
![[Perak
(Malaysia)]](my-perak.gif "[Perak (Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Ipoh (Taiping 1876-1937; Kuala Kangsar to 1876) Royal capital: Kuala Kangsar |
Hear
State Anthem "Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan" (God Lengthen the Sultan's Age) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 1888 |
Population:
2,540,400 (2020); 1,006,038 (1949) |
| Former Military Force:
see under Selangor |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 3 Nov Sultan of Perak's Birthday |
Constitution (1 Feb 1948/1963) |
1528
Negeri Perak Darul Ridzuan
("State of Perak, the Abode of
Grace") established.
1816 - 20 Jan
1874
Under Thai sovereignty.
20 Jan 1874 - 31 Aug 1957
British protectorate
20 Jan 1874 - 16 Feb 1935
Dindings Territory ceded to U.K. as a dependency
of Penang.
1 Jul
1896
Part of Federated Malay States.
26 Dec 1941 - 12 Sep 1945
Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Sultans�
1654 -
1720
Mahmud Iskandar Shah Auliaullah (b. 1641
- d. 1720)
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muzaffar Shah
1654 - 9 Oct
1675
Sultana Ratu Tajul Alam (f)-Regent (d.
1675)
1720 -
1728
Aladdin Mughayat Riayat Shah ibni (d. 1728)
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah
1728 -
1742
Muzaffar Shah III Johan Berdaulat (d. 1754)
Per Alam Jalalullah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Mansur Shah (1st time)
(continues at
Kuala Kangsar to 1750)
1742 -
1750
Muhammad Shah Aminullah
ibni (d. 1750)
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah
1750 - 30 Aug
1754 Muzaffar
Shah III Johan Berdaulat (s.a.)
Per Alam Jalalullah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Mansur Shah (2nd time)
30 Aug 1754 - 14 Jul 1765
Iskandar Zulkarnain Inayat Shah (d. 1765)
Kaharullah Khalifat ur-Rahman
Johan Berdaulat Zillullahi
fil-Alam ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Muhammad
Shah Amaiullah
14 Jul 1765 - 17 Jun 1773 Mahmud II Shah ibni
al-Marhum (d. 1773)
Sultan Muhammad Shah Aminullah
17 Jun 1773 - Sep 1792 Aladdin
Mansur Shah Iskandar Muda (d. 1792)
Khalifat ur-Rahman Sulong ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah
Aminullah
1786 - Sep
1792
Ahmadin Shah ibni al-Marhum
(b. 17.. - d. 1806)
Sultan Muhammad Shah
Aminullah
-Regent
Sep 1792 -
1806
Ahmadin Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad Shah Aminullah
(s.a.)
1806 - 18 Aug 1825
Abdul Malik Mansur Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ahmadin Shah (d.
1825)
(executive powers removed from 1818)
1818 - 18 Aug 1825 Raja
Tajuddin ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Abdul Malik Mu'adzam Shah
Jamalullah -Regent
18 Aug 1825 - 20 Dec 1830 Abdullah Mu'adzam Shah
ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Malik (d.
1830)
Mansur Shah
20 Dec 1830 -
1851
Shahabuddin Riayat Shah
ibni (b. 17.. - d.
1851)
al-Marhum Raja Inu
1851 -
1857
Abdullah Muhammad Shah I
ibni al-Marhum Raja
Inu
(d. 1857)
Nov 1856 - 20 Mar 1865 Ja'afar
Safiuddin Mu'adzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Raja
Ahmad (d.
1865)
(de facto to 1857)
20 Mar 1865 - 26 May 1871 Ali al-Mukammal Inayat
Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Shahabuddin
Riayat
Shah
(d. 1871)
26 May 1871 - 20 Jan 1874 Ismail Muabidin Riayat
Shah ibni
al-Marhum Syed Shaikh al-Khairat (d. 1889)
20 Jan 1874 - 30 Mar 1877 Abdullah Muhammad Shah
II
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ja'afar
Safiuddin Mu'adzam
Shah
(b. 1842 - d. 1922)
30 Mar 1877 - 26 Jul 1887 Tuanku Yusuf I
Sharifuddin Mufdzal
Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan (d. 1887)
Abdullah Muhammad Shah
(regent to 11 May 1887)
26 Jul 1887 - 14 Jan 1916 Tuanku Idris Murshidul
Aadzam
Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja
Bendahara Alang
Iskandar
(b. 1849 - d. 1916)
(from 1 Jan 1892, Tuanku Sir Idris
Murshidul Aadzam Shah
ibni al-Marhum
Raja Bendahara
Alang Iskandar)
14 Jan 1916 - 26 Oct 1918 Tuanku Abdul Jalil
Nasruddin
Muhtaram Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Idris Murshidul Aadzam (b. 1868
- d. 1918)
Shah (from 3 Jun 1917, Tuanku Sir
Abdul Jalil Nasruddin Muhtaram Shah
ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Idris Murshidul
Aadzam
Shah)
26 Oct 1918 - 14 Oct 1938 Tuanku Iskandar Shah
ibni (b.
1881 - d. 1938)
al-Marhum Sultan Idris Murshidul
Aadzam Shah (from 1 Jan 1921, Tuanku
Sir Iskandar Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Idris Murshidul Aadzam
Shah)
14 Oct 1938 - 29 Mar 1948 Tuanku Abdul Aziz
al-Mutasim
(b. 1887 - d. 1948)
Billah Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja
Muda Musa (from 3 May 1937, Tuanku
Sir Abdul Aziz al-Mutasim Billah
Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Muda
Musa)
31 Mar 1948 - 4 Jan 1963 Tuanku Yusuf
Izzuddin Shah ibni (b. 1890 -
d. 1963)
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil
Nasruddin Muhtaram Shah (from
1 Jan 1949, Tuanku Sir Yusuf
Izzuddin Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan
Abdul Jalil Nasruddin
Muhtaram Shah)
4 Jan 1963 - 31 Jan 1984 Tuanku Idris II
al-Mutawakkil
Alallah Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Iskandar Shah Kadasaullah (b. 1924 - d. 1984)
3 Feb 1984 - 28 May 2014 Tuanku Azlan
Muhibuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Yusuf Izzuddin
Shah
Ghafarullahu-Lah
(b. 1928 - d. 2014)
26 Apr 1989 - 25 Apr 1994 Raja Nazrin
Shah -Regent (1st time)(b.
1956)
28 Jan 2008 - 29 May 2014 Raja Nazrin Shah
-Regent (2nd time)(s.a.)
29 May 2014 -
Tuanku Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah ibni
Almarhum
Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin
Shah al-Maghfur-Lah
(s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 1 Aug 1957 Dato'
Panglima Bukit Gantang
(b. 1905 - d. 1959) UMNO;1953 PKP
Abdul
Wahab bin Toh Muda Abdul
Aziz
1 Aug 1957 - 16 Apr 1960 Tan Sri
Mohamed Ghazali bin Jawi (b. 1924 -
d. 1982) UMNO + PP
(1st
time)
16 Apr 1960 - 7 May 1964 Dato' Seri
Shaari bin Shafie
(b. 1912 - d. 1966) UMNO + PP
7 May 1964 - 18 Mar 1970 Dato' Seri
Ahmad bin
Said
(b. 1919 - d. 1987) UMNO + PP
18 Mar 1970 - 4 Sep 1974 Kamaruddin
bin Mohd
Isa
(b. 1930 - d. 1989) UMNO+PP;1973 BN
4 Sep 1974 - 1 Oct 1977 Tan Sri
Mohamed Ghazali bin Jawi
(s.a.)
UMNO + BN
(2nd
time)
1 Oct 1977 - 1 Mar 1983 Dato'
Seri Wan Mohamed bin Wan Teh (b. 1929 - d. 1993)
UMNO + BN
1 Mar 1983 - 3 Dec 1999 Ramli
Ngah Talib (from May 1984,
Dato' Seri Ramli Ngah Talib; from
7 Jun 1989, Tan Sri Ramli Ngah
Talib)
(b.
1941)
UMNO + BN
3 Dec 1999 - 17 Mar 2008 Dato' Seri
(from 11 Oct 2003,
Datuk Seri) Mohd Tajol Rosli
Ghazali
(b.
1944)
UMNO + BN
17 Mar 2008 - 6 Feb 2009 Mohammad Nizar
Jamaluddin (from
19 Apr 2008, Datuk Seri Mohammad
Nizar Jamaluddin)(1st time)
(b. 1957)
PAS
6 Feb 2009 - 11 May 2009 Datuk (from 19 Apr
2009, Datuk
Seri) Zambry Abdul
Kadir
(b. 1962) UMNO
+ BN
(1st time)
11 May 2009 - 12 May 2009 Datuk Seri Mohammad
Nizar
(s.a.)
PAS
Jamaluddin (2nd time)
12 May 2009 - 12 May 2018 Datuk Seri Zambry Abdul
Kadir
(s.a.)
UMNO + BN
(2nd time)
12 May 2018 - 10 Dec 2020 Ahmad Faizal Azumu
(b. 1970)
PPBM + PH
(from 4 Nov 2018, Datuk Seri Ahmad
Faizal
Azumu)
10 Dec 2020
-
Dato' Saarani bin Mohamad
(b.
1961)
UMNO + BN
(from 5 Nov 2021, Dato' Seri Saarani bin Mohamad)
British Residents
Jan 1874 - Oct
1874 Tristram
Charles Sawyer Speedy (b. 1836 -
d. 1911)
(acting)
4 Nov 1874 - 2 Nov 1875 James Wheeler
Woodford Birch (b.
1826 - d. 1875)
5 Nov 1875 - Mar 1876 Frank
Athelstane Swettenham
(b. 1850 - d. 1946)
(1st time)(acting)
11 Apr 1876 - 31 Mar 1877 James Guthrie Davidson
(b. 1837
- d. 1891)
1 Apr 1877 - 31 May 1889 Hugh Low
(b. 1824 - d. 1905)
(from 24 May 1883, Sir Hugh
Low)
1 Jun 1889 - 30 Jun 1896 Frank Athelstane
Swettenham
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
1 Jul 1896 - 12 Dec 1901 Sir William Hood
Treacher
(b. 1849 - d. 1919)
13 Dec 1901 - 9 Feb 1904 John Pickersgill
Rodger
(b. 1851 - d. 1910)
4 Nov 1903 - 7 Nov 1904 Henry
Conway
Belfield
(b. 1855 - d. 1923)
(acting
for Rodger)
10 Feb 1904 - 5 Mar 1911 Ernest Woodford
Birch
(b. 1857 - d. 1929)
15 Apr 1908 - 10 Dec 1908 Edward
Lewis Brockman
(b. 1865 - d. 1943)
(acting
for Birch)
6 Jul 1910 - 30 Aug 1910 Oliver Marks
(acting for Birch) (b. 1866 - d. 1940)
6 Dec 1910 - 31 Jan 1911 Edward
Lewis Brockman
(s.a.)
(acting
for Birch)
6 Mar 1911 - 15 Dec 1911 Henry Conway
Belfield
(s.a.)
15 Dec 1911 - 9 Aug 1912 Oliver Marks
(acting)
(s.a.)
9 Aug 1912 - 12 Aug 1912 William
James Parke
Hume
(b. 1866 - d. 1952)
(1st time)(acting)
12 Aug 1912 - 17 Sep 1919 Reginald George
Watson
(b. 1862 - d. 1926)
3 Apr 1914 - 8 Feb 1915 Oliver Marks
(acting for Watson) (s.a.)
11 Nov 1916 - 23 Dec 1916 Oliver Marks
(acting for Watson) (s.a.)
7 Apr 1918 - 25 Aug 1918 Oliver Marks
(acting for Watson) (s.a.)
17 Sep 1919 - 12 Sep 1920 William George
Maxwell
(b. 1871 - d. 1959)
(acting to 19 Dec 1919)
29 Jun 1920 - 13 Jul 1921 William James Parke
Hume
(s.a.)
(acting
for Maxwell to 12 Sep 1921)
(2nd time)
14 Jul 1921 - 25 Feb 1926 Cecil William Chase
Parr
(b. 1871 - d. 1943)
20 Apr 1923 - 6 Sep 1923 Francis Alexander
Stewart (b. 1873 - d.
1947)
McClelland (acting for Parr)
20 Dec 1925 - 23 Dec 1926 Oswald Francis Gerard
Stonor (b. 1872 - d.
1940)
25 Sep 1926 - 23
Dec 1926 Henry Wagstaffe
Thomson
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
(acting for Stonor)
24 Dec 1926
- 6 May 1927 Henry Wagstaffe
Thomson (1st time) (s.a.)
6 May 1927 - 5 Jun
1927 Francis William Douglas
(acting) (b. 1874 - d. 1953)
6 Jun 1927 - 14 Feb 1929 Henry
Wagstaffe Thomson (2nd time) (s.a.)
10 Sep 1927 - 9 Mar 1928 Charles Walter
Hamilton Cochrane (b. 1876 - d. 1932)
(acting for Thomson)
16 Nov 1928 - 21 Jun 1929 Arthur Furley
Worthington
(b. 1874 - d. 1964)
(acting to 14 Feb 1929)
23 May 1929 - 9 Apr 1930 Charles Walter
Hamilton Cochrane (s.a.)
(acting to 22 Jun 1929)
2 Dec 1929 - 4 Apr 1930 James
William Simmons (acting) (b. 1877 -
d. 19..)
(acting for Cochrane)
6 Apr 1930 - 19 Oct 1930 Bertram Walter
Elles (1st time) (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
(acting to 10 Apr 1930)
19 Oct 1930 - 30 Apr 1931 Andrew
Caldecott
(b. 1884 - d. 1951)
(acting for Elles)
1 May 1931 - 21 Jun 1932 Bertram
Walter Elles (2nd time) (s.a.)
26 Mar 1932 - 1939
Geoffrey Edmund Cator
(b. 1884 - d.
1973)
(acting to 1933)
1939 -
1941
Marcus
Rex
(b. 1886 - d. 1971)
1941 - 22 Jan
1942
John Richard Neave (acting)
(b. 1893 - d. 1942)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
26 Dec 1941 - 7 Mar 1942 Takeo Kojima
7 Mar 1942 - 20 Apr 1943 Tao Kubota
(b. 1897 - d. 1991)
20 Apr 1943 -
1945
Naokata Kawamura
(b. 1892 - d. 1963)
British Resident Commissioners
Oct 1945 -
1946
Vivian Tyrell Champion
de
(b. 1907 - d. 1952)
Crespigny (acting)
1946
R.N. Walker (acting)
(senior civil affairs officer)
1946 - Dec 1947
Adolphe Charles
Jomaron
(b. 1893 - d. 1963)
8 Jul 1946 - Sep 1947 Arthur
Vincent Aston
(b. 1896 - d. 1981)
(acting for Jomaron)
Dec 1947 - Oct 1948 James
Innes
Miller
(b. 1892 - d. 1972)
Nov 1948 - 1951
John Graham Black
(b. 1896 - d.
1988)
1951 - 1955
Ian William Blelloch
(b. 1901 - d.
1982)
Mar 1953 - Dec? 1953 Edwin
Cyril Geddes Barrett (b.
1909 - d. 1986)
(acting
for Blelloch)
Apr 1955 - Aug
1955 John
Kelly
Creer
(b. 1908 - d. 1997)
(acting for Blelloch)
British Adviser
1955 - 19 Dec 1956
Ian William
Blelloch
(s.a.)
(from 1956, Dato' Ian William Blelloch)
19 Dec
1956
post abolished
�Full style of the ruler: Duli
Yang Maha Mulia Maulana Paduka Sri Sultan dan Yang
di-Pertuan Negara Perak Dar ur-Ridzwan ("Sultan
and Head of the State of Perak").
Perlis
|
|
![[Perlis (Malaysia)]](my-perli.gif "[Perlis (Malaysia)]")
|
Royal capital: Arau |
"Amin, Amin, ya Rabaljalil" (Amen, Amen, o Majestic Lord) |
Adopted 1935 |
74,077 (1949) |
| Former Military Force: None (1935) | Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 17 May Raja of Perlis' Birthday |
Constitution (1 Feb 1948/1963) |
1759
Negeri Perlis Indera Kayangan
("State of Perlis, the Heavenly
Senses") established (subject to Kedah to 1839).
12 Sep 1821 - 16 Jul 1909 Perlis
under Thai sovereignty.
1895 - 1909
Part of Thai monthon
(region) of Phuket along with Kelantan
and Terengganu.
16 Jul 1909 - 31 Aug 1957 British
protectorate (an unfederated Malay state).
8 Dec 1941 - 18 Oct 1943
Occupied by Japan (Malay Federation).
18 Oct 1943 - 8 Sep 1945
Annexed by Thailand
(renamed Palit).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Rajas�
20 May 1834 - 21 Nov 1873 Syed Husain ibni
al-Marhum Syed
Harun
Jamalullail
(b. 1805 - d. 1873)
21 Nov 1873 - 17 Feb 1897 Syed Ahmad ibni
al-Marhum Syed
Husain
Jamalullail
(b. 1825 - d. 1897)
17 Feb 1897 - 30 Dec 1904 Syed Safi ibni
al-Marhum Syed
Alawi
Jamalullail
(b. 1862 - d. 1905)
30 Dec 1904 - 1 Feb 1943 Syed Alawi ibni
al-Marhum Syed
Safi Jamalullail
(b. 1881 - d. 1943)
(from 1 Jan 1938, Syed Sir Alawi
ibni al-Marhum Syed Safi
Jamalullail)
2 Feb 1943 - 20 Aug 1943 Syed Hamzah ibni
al-Marhum
Syed Safi Jamalullail (1st time) (b. 1895 - d. 1958)
8 Sep 1945 - 17 Sep 1945 Syed Hamzah ibni
al-Marhum
Syed Safi Jamalullail (2nd time) (s.a.)
17 Sep 1945 - 16 Apr 2000 Syed Harun Putra ibni
al-Marhum
Syed Hasan
Jamalullail
(b. 1920 - d. 2000)
(from 31 May
1956, Syed Sir Harun
Putra ibni al-Marhum Syed
Hasan
Jamalullail)
1 Sep 1960 - 20 Aug 1965 Tengku Sulaiman -Regent
(b. 1932)
17 Apr 2000
-
Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum
Syed Putra
Jamalullail
(b. 1943)
13 Dec 2001 - 12 Dec 2006 Syed Faizuddin Putra -Regent
(b. 1967)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
1 Feb 1948 - 20 Sep 1957 Raja Ahmad
bin Raja
Endut
(b. 1892 - d. 1977) Ind
20 Sep 1957 - 30 Apr
1959 Mohd Razali bin Ali Wasi
(b. 1903 - d.
19..) Ind
1 May 1959 - 31 Dec
1971 Sheikh Ahmad bin Mohamed Hashim
(b. 1896 - d. 1982) UMNO
+ PP
Hashim (from 1961, Tan Sri Sheikh
Ahmad bin Mohamed
Hashim)
1 Jan 1972 - 22 Oct
1981 Datuk Ja'afar bin Hassan
(b. 1926)
UMNO
+ PP;1973 BN
1 Nov 1981 - 13 Aug
1986 Datuk Ali bin Ahmad
(b. 1925)
UMNO + BN
13 Aug 1986 - 6 May 1995
Tan Sri Abdul Hamid
Pawanteh (b. 1944 -
d. 2022) UMNO + BN
(from 1994, Tan Sri Abdul
Hamid Pawanteh)
6 May 1995 - 17 Mar 2008 Shahidan Kassim
(from 4 Dec 1995, (b.
1951)
UMNO + BN
Dato' Seri Shahidan Kassim; from
25 Oct 2002, Datuk Seri Shahidan
Kassim)
17 Mar 2008 - 7 May
2013 Datuk (from 17 May 2008, Datuk
Seri) Mohammad Isa
Sabu
(b. 1947)
UMNO + BN
7 May 2013 - 22 Nov 2022
Azlan Man (from 17 May
2014, (b.
1958)
UMNO + BN;
Datuk Seri Azlan Man)
5-24-18 Ind
22 Nov 2022
-
Mohd Shukri bin
Ramli
(b. 1961) PAS
+ PN
Siamese Adviser
Dec 1905 - 15 Jul
1909 A.H. Duke
British Advisers
1909 -
1910
Meadows Frost (1st time)
(b. 1875 - d. 1954)
1910
Alexander
Cavendish (acting)
(b. 1878 - d. 1960)
1910 - 1911
Meadows Frost (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
1911 - 18 Oct 1911
J.G. Richey
(acting)
(b. 18.. - d. 1911)
1911 -
1913
Henry Charles Eckhardt (1st time) (b. 1877 - d.
19..)
1913 -
1914
George Muir Laidlaw (acting) (b.
1878 - d. 1919)
1914 -
1920
Henry Charles Eckhardt (2nd time)
(s.a.)
1920 -
1922
Edward Warren Nevile Wyatt (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1962)
1922 -
1923
Thomas Watts
Clayton
(b. 1877 - d. 1972)
1923 -
1925
John Whitehouse Ward
Hughes (b.
1883 - d. 1946)
1925 -
1928
Philip Stanhope Williams
(b. 1889 - d. 19..)
1928 - 1930
Lucien Arthur Allen
(b. 1888 - d. 1977)
Dec 1930 -
1932
Mortimer Cecil Hay
(b. 1891 - d. 1981)
1932 -
1933
Malcolm Bond
Shelley
(b. 1879 - d. 1968)
1933 -
1935
Oswald Eric
Venables
(b. 1891 - d. 1960)
1935 -
1937
Charles Roberts
Howitt
(b. 1894 - d. 1969)
1937 -
1939
Christopher William
Dawson
(b. 1896 - d. 1983)
1939 - Dec
1941
Edward Victor Grace Day (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
(Japanese prisoner Dec 1941-1945)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
17 Dec 1941 - 7 Mar 1942 Ohyama Kikancho
7 Mar 1942 - 18 Oct 1943 Seiji
Sukegawa
(b. 1885 - d. 1974)
Thai Military Commissioner
Oct 1943 - 8 Sep 1945
Jaroon Na Songkhla
British Resident Commissioners
Sep 1945 - 1946
D. Burr
(civil affairs officer)
1945 - 1946
Osley (acting)
1 Apr 1946 - 26 May 1946 Edward Victor Grace
Day (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1946 - 1947
Richard John Froude
Curtis
(b. 1897 - d. 1987)
(1st time) (acting)
1947 - 1948
Arthur Glencross (1st time)(acting)(b.
1908 - d. 1993)
1948
Richard John Froude
Curtis (s.a.)
(2nd
time)
1948 - 1951
Maurice John Hayward
(b. 1906 - d. 2001)
1951
Arthur
Glencross (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.)
1951 - 1955
Frank Marshall Smith
(b. 1912 - d. 1987)
British Advisers
1955? - 1956
William "Bill" Foulsham
(b. 1914 - d. 2012)
1956 - 31 Aug 1957
John Hamer
(b. 1910 - d. 1990)
�Full style of the ruler: Raja dan
Yang di-Pertuan Negara Perlis Indra Kayangan
("Raja and Head of the State of Perlis").
Putrajaya
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![[Putrajaya
(Malaysia)]](my-pj.gif "[Putrajaya (Malaysia)]")
![[Putrajaya
Corporation Flag (Malaysia)]](my-ppj.gif "[Putrajaya Corporation Flag
(Malaysia)]")
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"Maju dan Sejahtera" (Progress and Prosper) |
Adopted 28 Jan 2011 |
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19 Oct
1995
Planned city formed, Putrajaya Corporation (Perbadanan
Putrajaya)
established.
4 Jun
1999
Becomes the Administrative and Judicial capital of
Malaysia.
1 Feb
2001
Federal Territory of Putrajaya (Wilayah Persekutuan
Putrajaya)
(split
from the southern district of Selangor).
Presidents of Putrajaya Corporation (title
Presiden Perbadanan Putrajaya)
1 Feb 2001 - 14 Jul 2004
Tan Sri Datuk Seri Azizan Zainul (b. 1935 -
d. 2004) UMNO+BN
Abidin
8 Aug 2004 - 31 Jul 2012
Tan Sri Samsudin
Osman
(b.
1947)
MCA+BN
1 Aug 2012 - 31 Jul 2015 Tan Sri Aseh
Che
Mat
(b.
1951)
UMNO
1 Aug 2015 - 31 Jul 2018 Datuk (from 2016,
Datuk Seri)
Hashim
Ismail
(b. 1957)
Non-party
1 Aug 2018 - 30 Sep 2018 Datuk Omairi bin
Hashim (acting)
Non-party
1 Oct 2018 - 30 Sep 2020 Datuk Aminuddin bin
Hassim (b. 1968?)
Non-party
1 Oct 2020 - 15 Dec 2021 Datuk Muhammad Azmi
bin Mohd Zain (b. 1971)
Non-party
1 Jun 2022
-
Datuk Fadlun bin Mak
Ujud
(b.
1966?)
Non-party
Sabah
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![[British North Borneo State Ensign
1882-1948 (Sabah, Malaysia)]](my_nb_s.gif "[British North Borneo
State Ensign 1882-1948 (Sabah, Malaysia)]")
![[British North Borneo State Ensign
1882-1948 (Sabah, Malaysia)]](my_nb_c.gif "[British North Borneo
State Ensign 1882-1948 (Sabah, Malaysia)]")
![[Sabah 1963 -
1982 (Malaysia)]](my-sab63.gif "[Sabah 1963 - 1982
(Malaysia)]")
![[Sabah 1982
-1988 (Malaysia)]](my-sab82.gif "[Sabah 1982 -1988
(Malaysia)]")
![[Saba
(Malaysia)]](my-sabah.gif "[Saba (Malaysia)]")
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Hear
State Anthem "Sabah Tanah Airku" (Sabah, My Homeland) Adopted 18 Jul 1963 |
"Land of Hope and Glory" (c.1910-1946) |
Constitution (1963); (1 Nov 1881, Royal Charter) |
| Capital: Kota Kinabalu (Jesselton 1946-30 Sep 1967; Sandakhan 1877-1881, 1883-1942,1945-1946; Kudat 1881-1883) (Kita Boruneo: Kuchinga 1942-1943, Elopura [Sandakan] 1943-1945) |
Currency: 1885-1953 British North
Borneo Dollar (BNBD); 1953-1963 Malaya and British Borneo Dollar (MYAD) |
Former National Holiday (to
1946): 1 Nov (1881) Charter Day ------------------------------ (1952-1963): 2nd Sat. in June (1948) Birthday of the Queen Elizabeth II ------------------------------- Local Holiday: 1st Sat. in Oct. Birthday Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah (was 16 Sep to 2009) |
Population: 3,418,785 (2021)
454,000 (1961) 277,000 (1931) |
| GDP: $N/A | Exports: $34.2 million (1953) Imports: $20 million (1953) |
Ethnic groups: Dayak, Malay and other indigenous 66%; Chinese 25%; other 9% (1958) | |
| Total
Paramilitary Force:
510 (1935) (North Borneo Armed Constabulary) Merchant marine: 37 ships (1958) |
Religions: Muslim 38%; Christian 17%; Buddhist, Confucianist, tribal and other 45% (1969) | ||
| International
Organizations/Treaties to 1963:
IMO (associate), IOC, ITU (associate),
UNESCO (associate), UPU,
WMO |
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1704
Sultan of Brunei cedes the lands east of Marudu Bay to
the
Sultanate of Sulu.
22 Jan 1763 - 26 Feb 1775 Sultan
of Sulu cedes Pulau Balambangan and part of the North
Borneo coast to British East India Company; Balambangan
is
renamed Felicia Island.
1775 - 15 Jul
1946
Formally under the sovereignty of the Sultan of
Sulu
(but from 1881 under British rule [see Philippines]).
1803 - Nov
1805
Second British attempt to settle Balambangan.
Nov 1865 -
1866
Failed American Trading Company settlement named Ellena
in
North Borneo near
the mouth of the Kimanis River.
22 Jan 1878
Agreement signed between the Sultanate of Sulu and
British
commercial syndicate (Alfred Dent and Baron de
Overbeck), which
stipulated that North Borneo was either ceded or leased
(depending
on
translation used) to the British in return for payment
of
five
thousand malayan dollars per year.
26 Aug 1881 - 15 Jul 1946 British North Borneo
Charter Company rule.
12 May
1888
British protectorate (State of North Borneo)�
22 Apr
1903
"Confirmation of cession of certain islands" signed by
the Sultaon
of Sulu, granted and ceded additional islands of the
mainland of North Borneo from Banggi Island to Sibuku
Bay
to British North Borneo Company.
9 Jan
1942
Japanese occupy Jesselton and on 19 Jan 1942 Sandakan.
19 Jan 1942 - 10 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation;
part of Kita Boruneo (Brunei, British North
Borneo, Sarawak
and Labuan).
Kita Boruneo was divided into five
shū
(provinces): Seikai-shū (West Coast
province)(Jesselton
[renamed Api] west coast of North Borneo Labuan); Kyūchin-shū
(Kuching province)(First and Second divisions
of Sarawak, West
Borneo
and Natuana Islands); Miri-shū (Miri
province)(Fourth and
Fifth divisions of Sarawak, Brunei); Tokai-shū
(East Coast
province)(Sandakan,
east coast of North Borneo);
and Aug 1942 -
Oct 1943? Sibu-shū (Shibu
province)(Sarawak Third division, Rejang
and
Central Sarawak); Pontianak
on the west coast of Dutch Borneo
was briefly a shū
May - Jul 1942.
9 Oct 1943 - 10 Oct 1943 A Chinese
led anti-Japanese uprising briefly liberates Api-Api
(Jesselton).
10 Sep 1945 - 5 Jan 1946 British
(Australian) Military Administration (Borneo); composed
of
Labuan, British North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak.
5 Jan 1946 - 15 Jul 1946
British military administration.
15 Jul
1946
British crown colony (British North Borneo [incl.
Labuan])(by North
Borneo
[cession] order-in-council of 10 Jul 1946).
c.Dec 1962 - 17 Oct 1990 Sarawak
communist insurgency led by North Kalimantan
Communist
Party.
31 Aug 1963
Self-government achieved.
16 Sep
1963
Joins Federation of Malaysia (Region of Sabah [Wilayah
Sabah]).
27 Aug
1976
State of Sabah (Negeri Sabah).
16 Apr
1984
Labuan
Island and 6 small islands around it ceded to federal
government as a federal territory.
Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and Sandakan
29 Dec 1877 - 26 Aug 1881 Alfred
Dent
(b. 1844 - d. 1927)
Chairmen of the British North Borneo Provisional
Association, Ltd.
26 Aug 1881 - Apr/May 1882 Gustav Freiherr von
Overbeck (b. 1830 -
d. 1894)
+ Alfred Dent
(s.a.)
+ Richard Charles Mayne
(b. 1835 - d. 1892)
+ William Henry MacLeod
Read (b. 1819 - d.
1907)
Chairmen of the British North Borneo Chartered
Company
Apr/May 1882 -
1893 Sir
Rutherford
Alcock
(b. 1809 - d. 1897)
1893 -
1903
Richard Biddulph
Martin
(b. 1838 - d. 1916)
1903 -
1909
Sir Charles James
Jessel
(b. 1860 - d. 1928)
1909 - 14 Sep
1910
William Clark
Cowie
(b. 1849 - d. 1910)
Presidents of the British North Borneo Chartered
Company
1910 -
1926
Sir Joseph West
Ridgeway
(b. 1844 - d. 1930)
3 Feb 1926 - 15 Jul 1946 Sir Neill
Malcolm
(b. 1869 - d. 1953)
Chiefs of Balambangan
22 Jan 1763 - 21 Mar 1771 Alexander
Dalrymple
(b. 1737 - d. 1808)
1774 - 26 Feb
1775
John Herbert -Resident
(b. 1723 - d. 1791)
1775 -
1803
abandoned
1803 - Nov
1805
Robert Townsend
Farquhar
(b. 1776 - d. 1830)
Governor of the Colony of Ambong and Maroodu
("Ellena")
24 Nov 1865 -
1866
Joseph William
Torrey
(b. 1828 - d. 1885)
(with title Raja of Ambong and Marudu)
+ Thomas Bradley
Harris
(b. 1826 - d. 1866)
(vice governor to 22 May 1866)
British Resident of the East Coast
(at Sandakan)
11 Feb 1878 - 1883
William Burgess
Pryer
(b. 1843 - d. 1899)
Governors of British North (and
1 Jan 1890 - 31 Dec 1905, Governors of Labuan)
26 Aug 1881 -
1887
William Hood
Treacher
(b. 1849 - d. 1919)
1887 -
1888
William Maunder Crocker
(b. 1843 - d. 1899)
Mar 1888 -
1895
Charles Vandelleur
Creagh
(b. 1842 - d. 1917)
1895 -
1900
Leicester Paul
Beaufort
(b. 1853 - d. 1926)
1900 -
1901
Hugh Charles
Clifford
(b. 1866 - d. 1941)
1901 -
1903
Ernest Woodford
Birch
(b. 1857 - d. 1929)
1904 -
1911
Edward Peregrine
Gueritz
(b. 1855 - d. 1938)
1911 - 27 Jun 1912
Francis
Robert
Ellis
(b. 1849 - d. 1915)
27 Jun 1912 - 1 Nov 1912 Frederick William
Fraser (1st time)(b. 1870 - d. 19..)
(acting)
1 Nov 1912 - 6 Dec 1912 James Scott
Mason
(b. 1853 - d. 1912)
6 Dec 1912 - Feb 1913
Frederick William Fraser (2nd
time)(s.a.)
(acting)
Feb 1913 -
1915
Cecil William Chase
Parr
(b. 1871 - d. 1943)
1915 - 1916
Frederick William Fraser
(3rd time)(s.a.)
(acting)
1916 -
1922
Aylmer Cavendish Pearson (1st time)(b. 1876 - d. 1926)
1919
Frederick
William Fraser
(s.a.)
(acting for Pearson)
1922 -
1925
Sir William Henry
Rycroft
(b. 1861 - d. 1925)
1925 - 15 Mar 1926
Aylmer Cavendish Pearson (2nd time)(s.a.)
Oct 1926 - 16 Dec 1929 John
Lisseter
Humphreys
(b. 1881 - d. 1929)
1930 -
1933
Arthur Frederick
Richards
(b. 1885 - d. 1978)
1934 -
1937
Douglas James
Jardine
(b. 1888 - d. 1946)
1937 - 19 Jan
1942
Charles Robert Smith (1st time) (b.
1887 - d. 1959)
(Japanese prisoner 19 Jan 1942 - Aug 1945)
Japanese Military governors of Kita Boruneo
(commanders of Borneo Defence Army;
from 12 Sep 1944 Japanese Thirty-Seventh Army)
16 Dec 1941 - Mar
1942 Kiyotake
Kawaguchi
(b. 1892 - d. 1961)
(commander Kawaguchi Detachment)
Mar 1942 - 11 Apr 1942 Nakahata
Joichi
(commander 4th Independent Mixed Regiment)
11 Apr 1942 - 5 Sep 1942 Toshinari
Maeda
(b. 1885 - d. 1942)
(commander-in-chief Expeditionary Forces in
Borneo)
5 Sep 1942 - 26 Dec 1944
Masataka Yamawaki
(b. 1886 - d. 1974)
(commander-in-chief Expeditionary Forces in Borneo)
26 Dec 1944 - 10 Sep 1945 Masao (Masaro) Baba
(b. 1892 - d. 1947)
(commanding officer 37th Army)
Japanese Civil governors
- of Seikai-shū (West Coast province) -
1942? - 1943?
Yoshimasa
Murakami
(b. 1884 - d. 1963)
20 Nov 1943 - 1 Jun 1945 Manabu Kuji
Jul 1945 - 10 Sep 1945 Shigeru Kuroda
- of Kuchinga-shū (Kuching province) -
1942 - c.1943
Nozoki
1943 -
194.
Setsuo Yamada
(b. 1898 - d. 1975)
194. - 11 Jul
1945
Sotojirō Tokuno
(b. 1883 - d. 1945)
- of Miri-shū (Miri province) -
1942? - Sep
1945
Rōichi Kodama
- of Tokai-shū (East Coast province) -
1942 - Sep
1945
Taneki Kunabe
- of Sibu-shū (Shibu province) -
Jun 1942 - 1942?
Kojiro Senda
1942 - Oct 1943?
Saburō Kawada ?
(senior administrative officer)
Allied Military Governors of Sarawak and North Borneo
10 Sep 1945 - 5 Jan 1946 Thomas "Tom"
Charles Eastick (b. 1900 - d. 1988)
(Australia)
5 Jan 1946 - 15 Jul 1946 Edward Cecil
James Woodford (U.K.) (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
Governors
15 Jul 1946 - Nov 1946 Charles
Robert Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
Nov 1946 -
1949
Edward Francis
Twining
(b. 1899 - d. 1967)
(from 1
Jan 1949, Sir Edward Francis Twining)
1950 -
1954
Sir Herbert Ralph
Hone
(b. 1896 - d. 1992)
4 Mar 1954 -
1959
Ronald Evelyn Turnbull
(b. 1905 - d. 1960)
(from 2 Jan 1956, Sir Roland Evelyn Turnbull)
1959 -
1963
Sir William Allmond Codrington
(b. 1907 - d. 1986)
Goode
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertua
Negara Sabah;
from 1976, Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sabah)
16 Sep 1963 - 16 Sep 1965 Datu (from 1964, Tun)
Mustapha (b. 1918 - d. 1995)
Harun
16 Sep 1965 - 16 Sep 1973 Datuk Pangeran Ahmad
Rafai
(b. 1908 - d. 1995)
16 Sep 1973 - 28 Jul 1975 Tun
Mohd Fuad
Stephens
(b. 1920 - d. 1976)
28 Jul 1975 - 10 Oct 1977 Datuk
Mohamad Indan
Kari
(b. 1922 - d. 1977)
(from 1 Jun 1977, Tun Mohd Hamdan)
12 Oct 1977 - 25 Jun 1978 Tun
Ahmad
Koroh
(b. 1925 - d. 1978)
27 Jun 1978 - 31 Dec 1986 Tun
Datuk Mohamad Adnan Robert (b.
1917 - d. 2003)
1 Jan 1987 - 31 Dec 1994
Tun Mohamad Said
Keruak
(b. 1926 - d. 1995)
1 Jan 1995 - 31 Dec 2002
Tan Sri (from 1996, Tun) Sakaran (b. 1930 -
d. 2021)
Dandai
1 Jan 2003 - 31 Dec 2010 Datuk (from
Mar 2003, Tun)
(b. 1946)
Ahmadshah Abdullah Datuk
1 Jan 2011
-
Datuk Seri (from 19 Apr 2011, Tun) (b. 1953)
Juhar
Mahiruddin
Chief Civil Affairs Officer, British
Borneo Civil Affairs Unit (in
Labuan)
10 Sep 1945 - 10
Jan 1946 Charles Frederick
Cunningham (b.
1888 - d. 1969)
Macaskie (U.K.)
Chief Civil Affairs Officer, British
Military Administration (British
Borneo)(in
Labuan)
10 Jan 1946 - 15
Jul 1946 Charles
Frederick
Cunningham
(s.a.)
Macaskie (U.K.)
Senior Civil Affairs Officer of the British
Military Administration
for the North Borneo Area (North
Borneo, Brunei, Labuan)(at
Jesselton)
10 Jan 1946 -
15 Jul 1946 Robert George
Patrick Nicholson (b. 1907 - d. 2002)
"Nick" Combe (U.K.)
Chief Secretaries
1946 -
1953
James Calder
(b. 1898 - d. 1968)
Mar 1953 -
1956
Bryan Justin O'Brien
(b. 1902 - d. 1978)
1956 - 16 Sep 1963
Robert Noel
Turner
(b. 1912 - d. 1987)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri)
16 Sep 1963 - 31 Dec 1964 Tun Mohd Fuad Stephens
(1st time)
(s.a.)
UPKO+PP
1 Jan 1965 - 12 May 1967 Tan Sri
Datuk Peter Lo Sui Yin (b. 1923
- d. 2020) SCA+PP
12 May 1967 - 1 Nov 1975 Tun Mustapha
Harun (1st time)
(s.a.)
USNO+PP;1973 BN
1 Nov 1975 - 18 Apr 1976 Tun Mohamad
Said
Keruak
(s.a.)
USNO+BN
18 Apr 1976 - 6 Jun 1976 Tun Mohd
Fuad Stephens (2nd time)
(s.a.)
BERJAYA+BN
6 Jun 1976 - 22 Apr 1985 Datuk Harris
bin Mohd Salleh (b.
1930)
BERJAYA+BN
22 Apr 1985
(hours) Tun Mustapha
Harun (2nd time)
(s.a.)
USNO+BN
22 Apr 1985 - 17 Mar 1994 Datuk (from 1986,
Datuk Seri (b.
1940)
PBS + BN to 1990
Panglima) Joseph Pairin Kitingan
17 Mar 1994 - 27 Dec 1994 Tun Sakaran
Dandai
(s.a.)
UMNO+BN
27 Dec 1994 - 28 May 1996 Datuk (from 21
Mar 1996, Datuk (b.
1957)
UMNO+BN
Seri) Salleh Said Keruak
28 May 1996 - 28 May 1998 Datuk Yong Teck
Lee
(b.
1958)
SAPP+BN
28 May 1998 - 14 Mar 1999 Tan Sri Bernard
Dompok
(b.
1949)
PDS+BN
14 Mar 1999 - 27 Mar 2001 Datuk Seri Osu
Sukam
(b.
1949)
UMNO+BN
27 Mar 2001 - 27 Mar 2003 Datuk Chong Kah
Kiat
(b.
1948)
LDP+BN
7 Mar 2003 - 12 May 2018
Datuk (from 11 Oct 2003, Datuk
(b.
1951)
UMNO+BN
Seri; from 9 Sep 2017, Tan Sri)
Musa Aman
(acting for Chong to 27 Mar 2003)
12 May 2018 - 29 Sep 2020 Datuk
Seri Shafie
Apdal
(b.
1957)
PWS+PH
29 Sep 2020 -
Datuk Seri Panglima Haji Hajiji (b.
1955)
PGRS+PN
Mohd Noor
British Agents for Sarawak and North Borneo
12 May 1888 - 3 Jan 1942 the governors
of the Straits
Settlements (see Singapore)
British Liaison Officer to Sarawak and North
Borneo
1940 - 25 Dec
1941
Walter Evelyn
Pepys
(b. 1885 - d. 1966)
(Japanese prisoner Dec 1941-1945)
Territorial Dispute: Sabah was claimed by Spain to 1898, and since 1946 by the Philippines.
�Gustav Freiherr von Overbeck (s.a.)
was appointed Maharajah of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and
Sandakan by the Sultan of Brunei 29 Dec 1877 and Datu
Bendahara and Rajah of Sandakan by the Sultan of Sulu 22
Jan 1878. In early 1881 Overbeck, Alfred Dent (s.a.),
Richard Charles Mayne (s.a.), and William Henry McLeod
Read (s.a.) established the British North Borneo
Provisional Association, Ltd. The British North Borneo
Chartered Company (charter dated 1 Nov 1881) became the
entity which, under U.K. protection and formal
suzerainty of the Sultan of Sulu,
constituted the State of North Borneo. The governors
were appointed (with U.K. authorization) by the
Chartered Company.
Sarawak
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![[Flag of Sarawak
1841-1848 (Malaysia)]](gb-eng.gif "[Flag of Sarawak
1841-1848 (Malaysia)]")
![[Flag of
Sarawak 1848-1870 (Malaysia)]](my-sw848.gif "[Flag of
Sarawak 1848-1870 (Malaysia)]")
![[Sarawak
1870-1941, 1946-1946 (Malaysia)]](my-sw870.gif "[Sarawak 1870-1941, 1946-1946
(Malaysia)]")
![[Sarawak Crown
Colony 1947-1963 (Malaysia)]](my_sarb.gif "[Sarawak
Crown Colony 1947-1963 (Malaysia)]")
![[Sarawak
1973-1988 (Malaysia)]](my-sw973.gif "[Sarawak
1973-1988 (Malaysia)]")
![[Sarawak
(Malaysia)]](my-saraw.gif "[Sarawak (Malaysia)]")
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"Ibu Pertiwiku" (My Motherland) Adopted 31 Aug 1988 |
Former
State Anthems "Gone Forth Beyond the Sea" (1872-1946); "Fair Land Sarawak" (1946-1973); "Sarawak Bahagia" (Happy Sarawak) (1973-1988) |
Former Constitution Orders (24 Sep 1941; 14 Aug 1956) |
|
| Capital: Kuching |
Currency: 1858-1942, 1945-1952
Sarawak Dollar (SWKD);
1942-1945 Malayan Gumpyo Dollar (MYAG); 1952-1967
Malaya and British Borneo Dollar (MYAD); and also Straits Settlements Dollar (STSD) 1904-1938; 1938-1942 Malaya Dollar (MYAD) |
Former National Holiday (1917-1946):
26 Sep (1874) Birthday of Rajah Charles Vyner Brooke ---------------------------------- Local Holiday: 2nd Sat. in Oct. Birthday of Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak |
Population: 2,936,890 (2024) 777,000 (1961) 469,000 (1931) |
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| GDP: $202 million (1966) --------------------------------- Former Salute: 21 guns (to 1 Jul 1946) |
Exports: $163.5
million (1953); $5.5 million (1936) Imports: $122.8 million (1953); $4.3 million (1936) |
Ethnic
groups: Sea Dayak (Iban) 30%, Malay 23%,
Land Dayak 7%, other indigenous 5%, Europeans and
other 6%, Chinese 29% (1958) |
||
| Total Paramilitary Force: 853
(1935) (Sarawak Constabulary) Merchant marine: 15 ships (1930) |
Religions: Muslim 23%, Buddhist and Confucianist 24%, Christian 16%, tribal 35%, others 2% (1969) | |||
| International
Organizations/Treaties to 1963:
IMO (associate), ITU (associate), UNESCO (associate), UPU,
WMO |
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c.1400 -
1599
Part of Brunei.
1599 -
1641
Sultanate of Sarawak (Kesultanan Sarawak) under
Sultan Ibrahim
Ali Omar
Shah (d. 1641).
1641 -
1841
Part of Brunei.
24 Sep
1841
Sarawak given to James Brooke by the Sultan of Brunei.
1853
Independence from Brunei (Raj of Sarawak).
19 Feb 1857 - 23 Feb 1857
Chinese revolt under Liu Shanbang (d. 1857) occupies
of Kuching.
19 Jan
1864
Britain recognizes Sarawak as an independent state.
14 Jun
1888
British protectorate.
24 Sep
1941
Sarawak Order No. C-21 (Constitution) 1941 enacted.
16 Dec
1941
Japanese invasion begins, occupying Miri on 16 Dec 1941
and Kuching
24 Dec
1941.
24 Dec 1941 - 10 Sep 1945 Japanese occupation,
part of Kita Boruneo (from May 1942,
Sarawak is
divided
into 2 shū [provinces]- Kuchinga-shū
[Sarawak] and Miri-shū
[Brunei, Labuan and North Sarawak] and briefly Jul 1942
- Oct?
1943
Sibu-shū [Rejang & Central Sarawak])(see under
Sabah).
10 Sep 1945 - 15 Apr 1946
British (Australian) Military Administration
(Borneo)(see Sabah).
15 Apr 1946
Raj of Sarawak
(restored).
17 May
1946
The Council Negri authorized the Act of Cession to the
British Crown
by 19 to
16 votes.
1 Jul
1946
British crown colony.
14 Aug
1956
Sarawak (Constitution) Order-in-Council, 1956 published
(effective 1957).
22 Jul 1963
Self-government achieved.
16 Sep
1963
Joins Federation of Malaysia (Region of Sarawak [Wilayah
Sarawak]).
27 Aug
1976
State of Sarawak (Negeri Sarawak).
Governor
24 Sep 1841 - 18 Aug 1842 James
Brooke
(b. 1803 - d. 1868)
Rajahs�
18 Aug 1842 - 11 Jun 1868 James
Brooke
(s.a.)
(from 27 Apr 1848, Sir James Brooke)
11 Jun 1868 - 17 May 1917 Charles Johnson
Brooke
(b. 1829 - d. 1917)
(from 2 Jun 1888, Sir Charles Johnson Brooke)
1859 -
1863
John Brooke Johnson
Brooke
(b. 1823 - d. 1868)
(acting for the absent Rajah)
1863 -
1868
Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke
(b. 1829 - d. 1917)
(acting for the absent Rajah)
17 May 1917 - 24 Dec 1941
Charles Vyner Brooke (1st time) (b. 1874 -
d. 1963)
(from 3 Jun 1927, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke)
(in exile [Australia and U.K.] 25 Dec 1941 - 15 Apr
1946)
1939 -
1940
Anthony Walter Dayrell
Brooke (b. 1912 - d.
2011)
(acting for the absent Rajah)
24 Dec 1941 - 10 Sep 1945 Japanese
occupation (see under Sabah)
Allied Military Governors of Sarawak and North
Borneo
10 Sep 1945 - 5 Jan 1946 Thomas "Tom"
Charles Eastick (b. 1900 - d.
1988)
(Australia)
5 Jan 1946 - 15 Apr 1946 Edward Cecil
James Woodford (U.K.) (b. 1901 - d. 1988)
Rajah�
15 Apr 1946 - 1 Jul 1946 Sir
Charles Vyner Brooke (2nd time)(s.a.)
Governors (and 1 May 1948 - 28
Sep 1959, British High Commissioners for Brunei)
1 Jul 1946 - 29 Oct 1946
Christopher William
Dawson
(b. 1896 - d. 1983)
(1st time)(acting)
29 Oct 1946 - 26 Jul 1949 Sir Charles Noble
Arden-Clarke (b. 1898 - d. 1962)
26 Jul 1949 - 14 Nov 1949 Christopher William
Dawson
(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
14 Nov 1949 - 10 Dec 1949 Duncan George
Stewart
(b. 1904 - d. 1949)
4 Dec 1949 - 4 Apr 1950 Christopher
William
Dawson
(s.a.)
(3rd time)(acting [for Stewart to 10 Dec 1949])
4 Apr 1950 - 15 Nov 1959 Anthony Foster
Abell
(b. 1906 - d. 1994)
(from 1 Jan 1952, Sir Anthony Foster Abell)
16 Nov 1959 - 23 Feb 1960 Francis Derek Jakeway
(acting) (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
23 Feb 1960 - 15 Sep 1963 Sir Alexander Nicol
Anton Waddell (b. 1913 - d. 1999)
Heads of State (title Yang di-Pertua
Negeri Sarawak)
16 Sep 1963 - 28 Mar 1969 Datuk (from 1964, Tun)
Abang Openg (b. 1905 - d. 1969)
bin Abang Sapie
2 Apr 1969 - 2 Apr 1977 Tun Bujang
bin Tunku
Othman (b.
1898 - d. 1986)
2 Apr 1977 - 2 Apr 1981 Datuk
Patinggi (from 7 Jun 1978,
Tun Datuk Patinggi) Abang
Muhammad Salahuddin
(b. 1921 - d. 2022)
bin Abang Barieng (1st time)
2 Apr 1981 - 2 Apr 1985 Datuk Seri
Panglima (from 1982,
Tun) Abdul Rahman
Yakub
(b. 1928 - d. 2015)
2 Apr 1985 - 4 Dec 2000 Tun Datuk
Patinggi Ahmad Zaidi
Adruce bin Mohamad
Noor
(b. 1924 - d. 2000)
4 Dec 2000 - 28 Feb 2014 Tun Datuk
Patinggi Abang Muhammad
Salahuddin bin Abang Barieng
(s.a.)
(acting to 22 Feb 2001)
(2nd time)
1 Mar 2014 - 29 Jan 2024 Pehin Sri (from 26
May 2014, Tun) (b. 1936 - d. 2024)
Abdul Taib
Mahmud
29 Jan 2024
-
Tun Wan Junaidi bin Tuanku Jaafar (b. 1945)
Chief Secretaries
1843 -
1846
Thomas
Williamson
(b. 1818/19 - d. 1846)
1863 -
1873
Arthur Chichester
Crookshank (b. 1825
- d. 1891)
Residents, First Division (performing the
duties of Chief Secretary)
1873
Henry
Skelton
(b. 1842 - d. 1873)
1875 -
1880
William Maunder Crocker
(b. 1843 - d. 1899)
1881 -
1895
Francis Richard Ord Maxwell
(b. 1849 - d. 1897)
1896 -
1903
Charles Agar
Bampfylde
(b. 1856 - d. 1918)
1903 -
1904
Henry FitzGibbon
Deshon
(b. 1858 - d. 1924)
1904 -
1909
Sir Percy Francis Cunynghame (b.
1867 - d. 1947)
1909 -
1910
Harry Robert Arbuthnot
Day (b.
1866 - d. 1939)
1910 -
1915
Ivone Kirkpatrick-Caldecot
(b. 1867 - d. 1951)
1915 -
1923
Arthur Bartlett
Ward
(b. 1879 - d. 1957)
Chief Secretaries and Chairmen of the
Committee of Administration
1923 -
1926
John Coney
Moulton
(b. 1886 - d. 1926)
1926 - 1929
Harold Brooke Crocker (1st time) (b. 1881 - d.
1941)
1929 -
1930
Charles Vyner Brooke (1st time) (s.a.)
Jan 1930 - 1930
Sir Francis Farrington
Boult (b. 1879 - d.
1952)
May 1930 - 1930
James Colin Swayne (1st
time) (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
(acting)
1930 -
1931
Charles Vyner Brooke (2nd time) (s.a.)
1931 -
1932
James Colin Swayne (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1932 -
1934
Charles Frederick
Cunningham (b. 1888
- d. 1969)
Macaskie (government secretary)
1934 -
1937
Harold Brooke Crocker (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Jan 1937 - Mar 1937 W.F.
Dick (acting)
1937 -
1939
Edward
Parnell
(b. 1856 - d. 1939)
1939 -
1941
John Beville Archer (1st time)
(b. 1893 - d. 1947)
May 1941 - 25 Dec 1941 Cyril
Drummond Le Gros
Clark (b. 1894 - d.
1945)
(Japanese prisoner 25 Dec 1941 - 6 Jul 1945)
25 Dec 1941 - 10 Sep 1945 Vacant
Chief Civil Affairs Officer,
British Borneo
10 Sep 1945 - 15 Apr 1946 see under North
Borneo (Sabah)
Senior Civil Affairs Officer,
British Military Administration for the Sarawak
Area
10 Jan 1946 - 15 Apr 1946 H.H. Goss
(U.K.)
Chief Secretaries and
Chairmen of the Committee of Administration
15 Apr 1946 - 1 Jul
1946 John Beville Archer (2nd
time) (s.a.)
(acting)(Japanese prisoner 25 Dec 1941 - 11 Sep 1945)
1 Jul 1946 -
1950
Christopher William
Dawson
(s.a.)
1950 -
1955
Robert Gordon
Aikman
(b. 1905 - d. 1962)
1955 -
1958
John Hugh Ellis
(b. 1909 - d. 1959)
1958 -
1959
John Coleraine Hanbury Barcroft
(b. 1908 - d. 1958)
Apr 1959 - 1963
Francis Derek
Jakeway
(s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Ketua Menteri Sarawak);
from 15 Feb 2022, Premier (Premier Sarawak)
22 Jul 1963 - 16 Jun 1966 Stephen Kalong
Ningkan
(b. 1920 - d. 1997) SNAP
(from Oct 1964, Datuk Stephen Kalong
Ningkan)(1st time)
16 Jun 1966 - 7 Sep 1966 Datuk Penghulu
Tawi Sli (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1987) Pesaka
7 Sep 1966 - 23 Sep 1966 Datuk Stephen
Kalong Ningkan
(s.a.)
SNAP
(2nd time)
23 Sep 1966 - 7 Jul 1970 Datuk Penghulu
Tawi Sli (2nd time) (s.a.)
Pesaka
7 Jul 1970 - 26 Mar 1981 Datuk Seri
Panglima Abdul Rahman
(s.a.)
PBB+BN
Yakub
26 Mar 1981 - 28 Feb 2014 Datuk Patinggi (from
1988, Datuk
(s.a.)
PBB+BN
Seri;
from 1989, Tan Sri; from
14 Sep 2003, Pehin Sri) Abdul
Taib Mahmud
28 Feb 2014 - 11 Jan 2017 Tan Sri Adenan
Satem
(b. 1944 - d. 2017) PBB+BN
13 Jan 2017
-
Datuk Amar (from 9 Sep 2017, Datuk
Patinggi; from 3 Nov 2021, Tan
Sri) Abang Johari Tun
Openg (b. 1950)
PBB+BN;2018
GPS+PN
British Consuls/Agents for Sarawak and North
Borneo
14 Jun 1888 - 25 Dec 1941 the governors of
the Straits
Settlements (see Singapore)
British Liaison Officer to Sarawak and North Borneo
1940 - 25 Dec
1941
Walter Evelyn
Pepys
(b. 1885 - d. 1966)
(Japanese prisoner 25 Dec 1941 - 5 Sep 1945)
British Residents in Sarawak
Sep 1945 - 1946
Residents
- John
Russell Black (at Miri) (b. 1908 - d.
1988)
(Australia)(to 19 Mar 1946)
- William Piercy Nevill Leslie (b. 1907
- d. 1970)
Ditmas (U.K.) (at Kuching)
- John
Keith McCarthy (at Sibu) (b. 1905 -
d. 1976)
(Australia)
- R.G.
Talbot (at Marudi)
- William Edward Hanley Stanner
(b. 1905 - d. 1981)
(at Jesselton) (Australia)
- Henry McKean Tasker (at Sandakan)(b. 1900 - d.
1977)
(Australia)
1946
John
Coleraine Hanbury Barcroft (s.a.)
(U.K.)
British Representative
in Sarawak
Apr 1946 - 1 Jul 1946
Christopher William Dawson (U.K.) (s.a.)
�Full style of the ruler: Sri
Paduka Duli Yang Maha Mulia Rajah dan Yang di-Pertuan
Negara Sarawak ("His Royal Highness the Rajah and
Yang di-Pertuan of the State of Sarawak").
Selangor
|
|
![[Selangor
1859-1965 ( Malaysia)]](my_sel64.gif "[Selangor
1859-1965 ( Malaysia)]")
![[Selangor
(Malaysia)]](my-selan.gif "[Selangor (Malaysia)]")
| Capital:
Shah Alam (Kuala Lumpur 1880-1974; Klang 1743-1880, 1974-1977) |
Hear
State Anthem "Duli Yang Maha Mulia" (Your Royal Highness) Adopted 8 Mar 1967 |
Former
State Anthem "Allah Selamatkan" (God Save You) (1908-1967) |
Population: 7,214,400 (2023); 753,129 (1949) |
| Former Military Force:
1,900 (1935, est., Federated Malay States Volunteer Force) |
Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 11 Dec Sultan of Selangor's Birthday |
Constitution (1948/1 Apr 1959) |
1743
Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan established.
8 Jan 1758 -
1766
Under sovereignty of Johor.
13 Aug 1784 - 29 Jul 1786 Dutch occupation.
Oct 1874 - 31 Aug 1957 British
protectorate (early spelling Salangore).
1 Jul
1896
Part of Federated Malay States.
11 Jan 1942 - 7 Sep 1945 Occupied by Japan
(Malay Federation).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Raja
1743 -
1766
Raja Lumu bin Daing
Celak
(b. c.1705 - d. 1778)
Sultans�
1766 -
1778
Tuanku Salahuddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum Yamtuan Muda
Daing Celak (= Raja
Lumu) (s.a.)
1778 - 27 Oct
1826
Tuanku Ibrahim Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Shah (b. c.1736 - d. 1826)
(in Pahang exile 2 Aug 1784 - 29 Jul
1786)
13 Jul 1784 - 8 Apr 1785 Saiyid
Ali bin Uthman
Abdul (b. 17..
- d. 1821)
Jalil Saifuddin -Regent
8 Apr 1785 - 1786
Saiyid Abdul Rahman -Governor
27 Oct 1826 - 6 Jan 1857 Tuanku Muhammad
Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah (b. 1772
- d. 1857)
6 Jan 1857 - 6 Feb 1898 Tuanku Abdus
Samad ibni al-Marhum
Raja
Abdullah
(b. 1804 - d. 1898)
(from 25 May 1886, Tuanku Sir Abdus
Samad ibni al-Marhum Raja
Abdullah)
6 Jan 1857 -
1859
Raja Mahmud ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Muhammad Shah -Regent
(b. 1849 - d. 1919)
6 Feb 1898 - 31 Mar 1938 Tuanku Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah ibni
al-Marhum Raja Muda
Musa (b.
1863 - d. 1938)
(from 1 Jan 1912, Tuanku Sir
Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah ibni al-Marhum
Raja
Muda Musa)
4 Apr 1938 - 15 Feb 1942 Tuanku Hisamuddin
Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (1st
time)
(b. 1898 - d. 1960)
(from 9 Jun 1938, Tuanku Sir
Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni
al-Marhum
Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah)
15 Feb 1942 - 14 Sep 1945 Tuanku Musa Ghiathuddin
Riayat
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Alaeddin Sulaiman
Shah
(b. 1893 - d. 1955)
14 Sep 1945 - 1 Sep 1960 Tuanku Sir
Hisamuddin Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Alaeddin
Sulaiman Shah (2nd
time)
(s.a.)
1 Apr 1960 - 1 Sep 1960 Tengku
Salahuddin Shah -Regent
(b. 1926 - d. 2001)
1 Sep 1960 - 21 Nov 2001 Tuanku Salahuddin
Abdul Aziz Shah
ibni al-Marhum Hisamuddin Alam
Shah
(s.a.)
26 Apr 1999 - 21 Nov 2001 Tengku Idris Shah -Regent
(b. 1945)
22 Nov 2001
-
Sharafuddin Idris Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul
Aziz
Shah
(s.a.)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
Jun 1947 - 30 Jun 1949 Datuk Hamzah
bin Abdullah (b. 1890
- d. 1971) Non-party
1 Jul 1949 - Mar 1953
Raja Tun Uda Al-Haj bin
Raja (b. 1894 - d.
1976) Non-party
Muhammed (1st time)
Mar 1953 - Sep
1954 Datuk
Othman bin Mohamed
(b. 1905 - d. ....) UMNO+PP
Sep 1954 - Aug
1955 Raja Sir
Tun Uda Al-Haj bin Raja (s.a.)
Non-party
Muhammed (2nd time)
Aug 1955 - Jul
1957 Tan Sri
Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Majid (b. 1908 - d. 1975)
UMNO+PP
Jul 1957 - May
1959 Tan Sri
Abdul Jamil bin Abdul Rais (b. 1912 - d. 1994)
UMNO+PP
30 May 1959 - 19 Mar 1964 Datuk Abu Bakar
Baginda
(b. 1899 - d. 1972) UMNO+PP
19 Mar 1964 - 15 Apr 1976 Dato' Harun
Idris
(b. 1925 - d. 2003) UMNO+PP;1973 BN
15 Apr 1976 - 3 May 1982 Datuk Hormat
Rafei
(b. 1923 - d. 2001) UMNO+BN
3 May 1982 - 14 Aug 1986 Dato' Ahmad
Razali Mohd
Ali (b. 1928 -
d. 2001) UMNO+BN
14 Aug 1986 - 14 Apr 1997 Muhammad Muhammad
Taib
(b.
1945)
UMNO+BN
(from 8 Mar 1987, Datuk Muhammad
Muhammad Taib; from 7 Jun 1989,
Tan Sri Muhammad Muhammad Taib)
2 May 1997 - 18 Aug 2000 Datuk Seri Abu
Hassan
Omar (b.
1940 - d. 2018) UMNO+BN
18 Aug 2000 - 13 Mar 2008 Mohamad Khir
Toyo
(b.
1965)
UMNO+BN
(from 14 Sep 2000, Datuk Mohamad
Khir Toyo; from 10 Mar 2001, Datuk
Seri Mohamad Khir Toyo)
13 Mar 2008 - 23 Sep 2014 Tan Sri Abdul Khalid
Ibrahim (b. 1946 - d. 2022)
PKR
23 Sep 2014 - 19 Jun 2018
Azmin Ali (from 11 Dec 2015, Datuk (b.
1964)
PKR+PH
Seri Azmin Ali)
19 Jun 2018
-
Amirudin Shari (from 11 Dec 2019,
Datuk Seri Amirudin
Shari) (b.
1980)
PKR+PH
British Residents
Aug 1874 - Dec
1874 Frank
Athelstane
Swettenham (b.
1850 - d. 1946)
(1st time)(acting)
20 Jan 1875 - 1 Nov 1875 James Guthrie
Davidson
(b. 1837 - d. 1891)
20 Nov 1875 - 1 Oct 1882 William
Bloomfield
Douglas
(b. 1822 - d. 1906)
2 Oct 1882 - 31 May 1889 Frank Athelstane
Swettenham
(s.a.)
(2nd time)
8 Feb 1884 - 8 Jan 1888 John
Pickersgill Rodger (1st time) (b. 1851 - d. 1910)
(acting for Swettenham)
1 Jun 1889 - 16 Mar 1892 William Edward
Maxwell
(b. 1846 - d. 1897)
3 Apr 1892 - 9 May 1892 Frederick
Gordon
Penney
(b. 1856? - d. 1928)
(acting for Maxwell)
17 Mar 1892 - 30 Jun 1896 William Hood
Treacher
(b. 1849 - d. 1919)
9 May 1892 - 10 Jan 1893 Ernest
Woodford
Birch
(b. 1857 - d. 1929)
(acting for Treacher)
Jul 1896 - 12 Dec 1901 John
Pickersgill Rodger (2nd time) (s.a.)
5 Apr 1897 - 4 Jul 1897
Henry Conway Belfield (1st time) (b.
1855 - d. 1923)
(acting for Rodger)
4 Oct 1897 - 21 Apr 1898 Henry
Conway Belfield (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
5 Apr 1899 - 28 Sep 1899 Henry
Conway Belfield (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
29 Sep 1899 - 2 Jan 1900 Robert Sandilands
Frowd Walker (b. 1850 - d. 1917)
(acting for Rodger)
3 Jan 1900 - 23 Sep 1901 Henry
Conway Belfield (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting for Rodger)
1 Oct 1901 - 24 Oct 1901 Hugh Clifford (acting
for Rodger) (b. 1866 - d. 1941)
24 Oct 1901 - 18 Jun 1902 Edward Marsh
Merewether (b.
1858 - d. 1938)
(acting
[for Rodger to 12 Dec 1901])
19 Jun 1902 - 18 Aug 1902 Arthur Reid Venning
(acting) (b. 1846 -
d. 1927)
18 Aug 1902 - 5 Mar 1911 Henry Conway
Belfield (5th time) (s.a.)
18 Jan 1911 - 15 Aug 1911 James
Oliver Anthonisz
(b. 1860 - d. 1921)
(acting for Belfield)
4 Nov 1903 - 17 Feb 1905 Douglas
Graham Campbell (1st time) (b. 1867 - d. 1918)
(acting
for Belfield)
10 Nov 1906 - 15 Feb 1907 Douglas
Graham Campbell (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting for
Belfield)
23 Oct 1908 - 29 Jan 1909 Douglas
Graham Campbell (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting
for Belfield)
6 Mar 1911 - 8 Aug 1913 Reginald
George
Watson
(b. 1862 - d. 1926)
(acting to 9 Aug 1912)
9 Aug 1912 - 1 Jul 1919 Edward George
Broadrick
(b. 1864 - d. 1929)
8 Aug 1913 - 20 Aug 1914 Edmund
Burnside
(b. 1863 - d. 1932)
(acting for Broadrick)
7 Jun 1917 - 28 Dec 1917 John Richard Oliver
Aldworth (b. 1868 -
d. 1948)
(acting
for Broadrick)
1 Jul 1919 - 12 Feb 1920 Arthur Henry
Lemon
(b. 1864 - d. 1933)
(acting to 3 Sep 1919)
13 Feb 1920 - 12 Dec 1921 Oliver Marks
(b. 1866 - d. 1940)
(acting
to 13 Feb 1921)
13 Sep 1921 - 2 Nov 1921 Edward Shaw Hose
(acting for Marks)(b. 1871 - d. 1946)
3 Nov 1921 - 25 Feb 1926 Oswald Francis
Gerard Stonor (b.
1872 - d. 1940)
(acting to 12 Dec 1921)
25 Oct 1923 - 26 Mar 1924 Ralph Scott (acting
for Stonor) (b. 1874 - d. 1962)
27 Mar 1924 - 9 Apr 1924 Harold Sebastian
Sircom (b. 1878
- d. 1956)
(acting for Stonor)
20 Dec 1925 - 23 Dec 1926 Henry Wagstaffe
Thomson
(b. 1874 - d. 1941)
(acting to 25 Feb 1926)
25 Sep 1926 - 9 May 1931 James Lornie
(b. 1876 - d. 1959)
(acting to 23 Dec 1926)
3 May 1931 - 24 Mar 1932 Andrew
Caldecott
(b. 1884 - d. 1951)
(acting
to 10 May 1931)
25 Mar 1932 - 28 Jul 1932 James William Simmons
(acting) (b. 1877 - d. 19..)
Jul 1932 -
1933
Geoffrey Edmund Cator
(b. 1884 - d. 1973)
1933 - 1934
George Ernest London (acting)
(b. 1889 - d. 1957)
Jan 1935 - 1935
William Douglas Barron (acting) (b. 1887
- d. 1970)
Dec 1935 - Dec 1936
Theodore Samuel
Adams
(b. 1885 - d. 1961)
Jan 1937 - Jun 1940
Stanley Wilson
Jones
(b. 1888 - d. 1962)
Jun 1940 - Aug 1941
George Montgomery Kidd
(b. 1889 - d. 1942)
Aug 1941 - Dec 1941
Norman Rowlstone Jarrett (acting) (b. 1889 - d.
1982)
(Japanese prisoner Dec 1941 - 1945)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
1 Jan 1942 - 7 Mar 1942 Saburō
Fujiyama
7 Mar 1942 - 11 Apr 1943 Shinzo
Kikuchi
(b. 1887 - d. 1943)
20 Apr 1943 -
1945 Shōtarō
Katayama
(b. 1889 - d. 1982)
British Resident Commissioners
1945 - 1 Apr 1946
....
(senior civil affairs officer)
1 Apr 1946 - 1946
George Evans Cameron
Wisdom (b.
1899 - d. 1958)
(acting)
1946 -
1948
Claude Wilson
Wardlaw
(b. 1901 - d. 1981)
1948 - Feb 1949
Arthur Louis Birse
(b. 1893 - d. 1973?)
Feb 1949 - 1950
Richard John Froude Curtis
(b. 1897 - d. 1987)
1950 - Oct
1952
Alexander Noel
Ross
(b. 1905 - d. 1972)
Oct 1952 - 1954
Harold George Hammett
(b. 1906
- d. 1999)
1954 - 1955
Frederick Victor Duckworth
(b. 1901 - d. 1974)
Nov 1954 - Mar? 1955 George
Shirley Rawlings
(b. 1904 - d. 1963)
(acting
for Duckworth)
British Adviser
1955 - May 1956
Frederick Victor Duckworth
(s.a.)
May 1956
post abolished
�Full style of the ruler: Duli
Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Negara
Selangor Dar
ul-Ihsan ("Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of the State
of Selangor").
Terengganu
![[Terengganu 1912
-1933 (Malaysia)]](my-teren1.gif "[Terengganu 1912 -
1933 (Malaysia)]") |
|
|
|
|
![[State Flag
Trengganu 1925-1933 (Malaysia)]](my-tr_go1.gif "[State
Flag Trengganu 1925-1933 (Malaysia)]")
![[Trengganu
1933-1953 (Malaysia)]](my-tr_so.gif "[Trengganu
1933-1953 (Malaysia)]")
![[State Flag
Trengganu 1933 - 1947 (Malaysia)]](my-tr_go.gif "[State Flag Trengganu 1933 - 1947
(Malaysia)]")
![[Trengganu
(Malaysia)]](my-teren.gif "[Trengganu (Malaysia)]")
| Capital and
Royal capital: Kuala Terengganu (Trangkanu 1943-1945) |
Hear
State Anthem "Selamat Sultan" (Save the Sultan) |
Text
of State Anthem Adopted 1927 |
Population:
1,149,440 (2020); 230,979 (1949) |
| Former Military Force: None (1935) | Former Salute: 17 guns | Local Holiday: 26 Apr Sultan of Terengganu's Birthday |
Constitution (22 Nov 1911/1948) |
1512
Part of Johor.
1725
Negeri Terengganu Darul Iman ("State of
Terengganu, the Abode of
Faith")
established.
c.1781 - 9 Jul
1909 Terengganu
under Thai sovereignty.
1895 - 1909
Part of Thai monthon
(region) of Phuket along with Kelantan, Perlis.
9 Jul 1909 - 31 Aug 1957 British
protectorate (an unfederated Malay state)(early spelling
Tringanu
or Trengganu).
11 Dec 1941 - 18 Oct 1943 Occupied by Japan.
18 Oct 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 Annexed by Thailand (renamed
Trangkanu).
1 Apr
1946
Joins Malay Union (from 16 Sep 1963, Malaysia).
Sultans�
1725 - 7 Mar
1733
Tuanku Zainal Abidin I ibni
al-Marhum Bendahara Seri
Maharaja Tun Habib Abdul Majid (b. 1678 - d.
1733)
7 Mar 1733 - 26 Jan 1793 Tuanku Mansur
Shah I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. 1715 - d.
1793)
7 Mar 1733 - 26 Feb 1741 Engku Tanang
Wangsa -Regent
26 Jan 1793 - 23 Oct 1808 Tuanku Zainal Abidin
II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah (b.
1744 - d. 1808)
23 Oct 1808 - 4 Jul 1830 Tuanku Ahmad Shah
I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (d. 1830)
1826 - 4 Jul
1830
Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Zainal Abidin -Regent
(d. 1831)
4 Jul 1830 - 31 Jan 1831 Tuanku Abdul
Rahman ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Zainal
Abidin
(s.a.)
31 Jan 1831 -
1831
Tuanku Umar ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Rahman (1st time) (b. 1806 - d.
1876)
- jointly with the following -
31 Jan 1831 - 8 Mar 1837 Tuanku Mansur
Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (d. 1837)
8 Mar 1837 - 4 Nov 1839 Tuanku
Muhammad Shah I ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Mansur Shah (b.
1821 - d. 1840)
4 Nov 1839 - 11 Apr 1876 Tuanku Umar ibni
al-Marhum
Sultan Abdul Rahman (2nd time) (s.a.)
11 Apr 1876 -
1876
Tuanku Mahmud Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Rahman
1876 - 18 Dec
1881
Tuanku Ahmad Mu'adzam Shah II ibni
al-Marhum Yang
Dipertuan
(b. 1839 - d. 1881)
Muda Mahmud
18 Dec 1881 - 26 Nov 1918 Tuanku Zainal Abidin
III Mu'adzam
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Ahmad Mu'adzam
Shah
(b. 1866 - d. 1918)
(from 19 Jun 1911, Tuanku Sir Zainal
Abidin III Mu'adzam
Shah ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
Mu'adzam Shah)
26 Nov 1918 - 26 May 1920 Tuanku Muhammad Shah II
ibni
al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin (b. 1888 - d.
1956)
Mu'adzam Shah
26 May 1920 - 25 Sep 1942 Tuanku Sulaiman
Badarul Alam Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal
Abidin Mu'adzam Shah
(b. 1895 - d. 1942)
(from 3
Jun 1922, Tuanku Sir Sulaiman
Badarul Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Zainal Abidin Mu'adzam Shah)
26 Sep 1942 - 20 Aug 1943 Tuanku Ali ibni
al-Marhum Sultan
Sulaiman Badarul Alam
Shah (b. 1914 - d.
1996)
(1st time)
20 Aug 1943 - 8 Sep 1945 annexed to
Thailand
8 Sep 1945 - 16 Dec 1945
Tuanku Ali ibni al-Marhum Sultan
Sulaiman Badarul Alam
Shah (s.a.)
(2nd time)
16 Dec 1945 - 20 Sep 1979 Tuanku Ismail Nasiruddin
Shah
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Zainal
Abidin Mu'adzam
Shah
(b. 1907 - d. 1979)
(from 7 Jun 1951, Tuanku Sir Ismail
Nasiruddin Shah ibni
al-Marhum
Sultan Zainal Abidin
Mu'adzam Shah)
21 Aug 1965 - 20 Sep 1970 Tengku Mahmud -Regent
(b. 1930 - d. 1998)
20 Sep 1979 - 14 May 1998 Tuanku Mahmud
al-Muktafi Billah (s.a.)
Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Ismail
Nasiruddin Shah
15 May 1998
-
Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin ibni
al-Marhum Sultan
Mahmud
(b. 1962)
13 Dec 2006 - 12 Dec 2011 Tengku Muhammad Ismail
-Regent (b. 1998)
Chief ministers (title Menteri Besar)
21 Apr 1925 - 28 Jun 1940 Dato' Seri Amar Diraja
Ngah (b. 1878
- d. 1940) Non-party
Muhamad bin Yusof
15 Jul 1940 - 6 May 1942 Tengku Seri Setia
Raja Tengku Omar (b. 1884 - d. 1945) Non-party
bin Othman
17 May 1942 - 16 Dec 1945 Dato' Jaya Perkasa Da
Omar bin
Non-party
Mahmud
17 Dec 1945 - 26 Dec 1949 Tengku Panglima Perang
Tengku (b. 1901 � d. 1957)
Non-party
Muhamad bin al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad
27 Dec 1949 - Jun 1959 Dato'
Perdana Menteri Di Raja (b. 1904 -
d. 1993) Non-party
Dato' Seri Setia Raja Kamaruddin
bin Idris
29 Jun 1959 - 8 Nov 1961 Mohd Daud bin
Abdul Samad (b. 1926?
- d. 1983) PAS
9 Nov 1961 - 3 Sep 1969 Tan Sri
Ibrahim Fikri bin Mohammad
UMNO+PP
1 Oct 1969 - 4 Sep 1971 Dato'
Mahmood bin Sulaiman
(b. 1929)
UMNO+PP
5 Sep 1971 - 3 Aug 1974 Dato' Nik
Hassan bin Wan Abdul (b. 1927)
UMNO+PP;1973 BN
Rahman
1 Sep 1974 - 2 Dec 1999 Wan Mokhtar
Ahmad (from 7 Jul (b. 1932
- d. 2020) UMNO+BN
1982, Datuk Amar Wan Mokhtar
Ahmad; from 8 Apr 1983, Datuk
Wan Mokhtar Ahmad; from 26 Nov
1988, Tan Sri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad)
2 Dec 1999 - 25 Mar 2004 Abdul Hadi
Awang
(b.
1947)
PAS
(from 19 Jul 2001, Dato' Seri
Abdul
Hadi Awang)
25 Mar 2004 - 25 Mar 2008 Datuk (from 20 Jul
2004, Dato'
Seri) Idris
Jusoh
(b.
1955)
UMNO+BN
25 Mar 2008 - 12 May 2014 Datuk (from 5 Aug
2010, Datuk (b.
1957)
UMNO+BN
Seri) Ahmad Said
12 May 2014 - 10 May 2018 Datuk
(from 26 Apr 2015, Datuk
Seri) Ahmad Razif Abdul Rahman
(b.
1965)
UMNO+BN
10 May 2018
-
Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar (from 22 Jul
2019, Datuk Seri Ahmad Samsuri
Mokhtar)
(b.
1970)
PAS
British Agents
1909 - 1911
William Lance
Conlay
(b. 1869 - d. 1927)
1911 - Mar 1913
Walter Dare Scott
(b. 1870 - d. 1935)
Jul 1913 - 1914
E.A. Dickson
1914 - 1915
Charleton Neville Maxwell
(b. 1872 - d. 1940)
Nov 1915 - 23 May 1919 John
Lisseter
Humphreys
(b. 1881 - d. 1929)
Advisers
May 1919 -
1925
John Lisseter
Humphreys
(s.a.)
Nov 1919 - Jan
1920 Walter
Evelyn
Pepys
(b. 1885 - d. 1966)
(acting for Humphreys)
1921 - 1922
Henry Charles
Eckhardt
(b. 1877 - d. 19..)
(acting for Humphreys)
1925 -
1926
James William
Simmons
(b. 1877 - d. 19..)
1926 -
1928
William Milnes
Millington
(b. 1883 - d. 1947)
1928 -
1931
Alfred John
Sturrock
(b. 1879 - d. 1946)
Mar 1931 -
1932
Gordon Lupton
Ham
(b. 1885 - d. 1965)
1932 - 1934
Charles Cuthbert Brown
(b. 1888 - d. 1972)
1934 - 1935
Norman Rowlstone
Jarrett
(b. 1889 - d. 1982)
(1st time) (acting)
1935 -
1936
John Erskine Kempe
(b. 1888 - d. 1953)
Dec 1936 - 1937
Norman Rowlstone
Jarrett
(b. 1889 - d. 1982)
(2nd time) (acting)
1937
Patrick Alexander Bruce McKerron (b. 1896 -
d. 1964)
(acting)
1937 -
1941
Norman Rowlstone
Jarrett
(s.a.)
(3rd time)
Dec 1937 -
1940
Arthur Egerton Coope
(b. 1888 - d. 1981)
1940 - Dec
1941
George Alexander de Chazal
de (b. 1888 - d. 1977)
Moubray (acting to ... 1941)
(Japanese prisoner Dec 1941 - 1945)
Japanese Secretaries of the State Administration
20 Dec 1941 - 7 Mar 1942 Hideo Niizuma
7 Mar 1942 - 18 Oct 1943 Manabu Kuji
Thai Military Commissioner
Oct 1943 - Aug 1945
Prayoon Ratanakit
Japanese Chiefs of the Liaison Office
Oct 1943 -
1945
Kumijiro Itō
1945
Tomoshige
British Resident Commissioners
Aug 1945 - 1946
Sir Derek Headly (acting)
(b. 1908 - d. 1998)
(senior civil affairs officer)
1946 - 1948
John Graham Black
(b. 1896 - d. 1988)
1948 - 1951
Ian William Blelloch
(acting) (b. 1901 - d. 1982)
1952 - May 1954
Maurice John Hayward
(b. 1906 - d. 2001)
May 1954 - 1955
John Forbes
Hannyngton
(b. 1906 - d. 1978)
British Adviser
1955 - Jan 1957
John Forbes
Hannyngton
(s.a.)
1955 - Feb 1956
Frank Marshall Smith
(b. 1912 - d. 1987)
(acting
for Hannyngton)
�Full style of the ruler: Duli
Yang Maha Mulia Sultan dan Yang di-Pertuan Besar
Terengganu Dar ul-Iman ("Sultan and Head of the
State of Trengganu").
� Ben Cahoon