������ó��̳(FOB Business Forum) » ��ó�ȵ� » ������ United Arab Emirates
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国民经济经济概况:
The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Successful efforts at economic diversification have reduced the portion of GDP from the oil and gas sector to 30%.
++ Since the discovery of oil in the UAE nearly 60 years ago, the country has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. The country's free trade zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors.
++ The global financial crisis of 2008-09, tight international credit, and deflated asset prices constricted the economy in 2009. UAE authorities tried to blunt the crisis by increasing spending and boosting liquidity in the banking sector. The crisis hit Dubai hardest, as it was heavily exposed to depressed real estate prices. Dubai lacked sufficient cash to meet its debt obligations, prompting global concern about its solvency and ultimately a $20 billion bailout from the UAE Central Bank and Abu Dhabi Government that was refinanced in March 2014.
++ The UAE's dependence on oil is a significant long-term challenge, although the UAE is one of the most diversified countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Low oil prices have prompted the UAE to cut expenditures, including on some social programs, but the UAE has sufficient assets in its sovereign investment funds to cover its deficits. The government reduced fuel subsidies in August 2015, and introduced excise taxes (50% on sweetened carbonated beverages and 100% on energy drinks and tobacco) in October 2017. A five-percent value-added tax was introduced in January 2018. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on economic diversification, promoting the UAE as a global trade and tourism hub, developing industry, and creating more job opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment.
GDP实际增长率:
0.8%
(2017 est.)
3%
(2016 est.)
5.1%
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 179
通货膨胀率(消费者价格):
-1.9%
(2019 est.)
3%
(2018 est.)
1.9%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 4
信用评级:
Fitch rating:
AA-
(2020)
Moody's rating:
Aa2
(2007)
Standard & Poors rating:
AA
(2007)
GDP(按购买力平价计算,当年价格):
$696 billion
(2017 est.)
$690.5 billion
(2016 est.)
$670.5 billion
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
GDP (官方汇率):
$421.077 billion
(2019 est.)
GDP - 人均（购买力平价）:
$68,600
(2017 est.)
$70,100
(2016 est.)
$70,000
(2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
世界排名: 12
国民储蓄总额:
28.5% of GDP
(2017 est.)
30.9% of GDP
(2016 est.)
30.7% of GDP
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 39
GDP构成，按来源部门:
agriculture:
0.9%
(2017 est.)
industry:
49.8%
(2017 est.)
services:
49.2%
(2017 est.)
GDP构成，按最终用途:
household consumption:
34.9%
(2017 est.)
government consumption:
12.3%
(2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital:
23%
(2017 est.)
investment in inventories:
1.8%
(2017 est.)
exports of goods and services:
100.4%
(2017 est.)
imports of goods and services:
-72.4%
(2017 est.)
营商环境指数得分:
74.1
(2020)
农业 - 产品:
dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish
工业:
petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizer, commercial ship repair, construction materials, handicrafts, textiles
工业生产增长率:
1.8%
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 138
劳动力:
5.344 million
(2017 est.)
note: expatriates account for about 85% of the workforce
世界排名: 74
劳动力 - 按职业:
agriculture:
7%
industry:
15%
services:
78%
(2000 est.)
失业率:
1.6%
(2016 est.)
3.6%
(2014 est.)
世界排名: 15
贫困线以下人口:
19.5%
(2003 est.)
按百分比划分的家庭收入或消费:
lowest 10%:
NA
highest 10%:
NA
预算:
revenues:
110.2 billion
(2017 est.)
expenditures:
111.1 billion
(2017 est.)
note: the UAE federal budget does not account for emirate-level spending in Abu Dhabi and Dubai
税收和其他收入:
28.8% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 90
预算盈余 (+) 或赤字 (-):
-0.2% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 51
公共债务:
19.7% of GDP
(2017 est.)
20.2% of GDP
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 190
财政年度:
calendar year
经常账户余额:
$26.47 billion
(2017 est.)
$13.23 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 14
出口:
$308.5 billion
(2017 est.)
$298.6 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 24
出口 - 合作伙伴:
India 10.1%, Iran 9.9%, Japan 9.3%, China 5.4%, Oman 5%, Switzerland 4.4%, South Korea 4.1%
(2017)
出口 - 商品:
crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates
(2012 est.)
进口:
$229.2 billion
(2017 est.)
$226.5 billion
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 31
进口 - 商品:
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food
进口 - 合作伙伴:
China 8.5%, US 6.8%, India 6.6%
(2017)
外汇和黄金储备:
$95.37 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$85.39 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 27
外债:
$237.6 billion
(31 December 2017 est.)
$218.7 billion
(31 December 2016 est.)
世界排名: 32
汇率:
Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar -
3.67315
(2020 est.)
3.67315
(2019 est.)
3.67315
(2018 est.)
3.673
(2014 est.)
3.673
(2013 est.)
能源:电网接入:
electrification - total population:
100%
(2020)
电力 - 生产:
121.8 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 31
用电量:
113.2 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 31
电力 - 出口:
0 kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 213
电力 - 进口:
1.141 billion kWh
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 66
电力 - 装机容量:
28.91 million kW
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 33
电力 - 来自化石燃料:
99% of total installed capacity
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 25
电力 - 来自核燃料:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 204
电力 - 来自水力发电厂:
0% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 210
电力 - 来自其他可再生能源:
1% of total installed capacity
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 170
石油 - 生产:
3.216 million bbl/day
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 8
石油 - 出口:
2.552 million bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 5
石油 - 进口:
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 210
石油 - 探明储量:
97.8 billion bbl
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 7
精炼石油产品 - 生产:
943,500 bbl/day
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 19
精炼石油产品 - 消费:
896,000 bbl/day
(2016 est.)
世界排名: 24
精炼石油产品 - 出口:
817,700 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 10
精炼石油产品 - 进口:
392,000 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
世界排名: 23
天然气 - 生产:
62.01 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 14
天然气 - 消费:
74.48 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 12
天然气 - 出口:
7.504 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 25
天然气 - 进口:
20.22 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 16
天然气 - 探明储量:
6.091 trillion cu m
(1 January 2018 est.)
世界排名: 6
能源消耗产生的二氧化碳排放量:
289.4 million Mt
(2017 est.)
世界排名: 24
通讯电话 - 固定线路:
total subscriptions:
2,380,238
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
24.18
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 51
电话 - 手机:
total subscriptions:
19,749,674
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
200.63
(2019 est.)
世界排名: 62
电信系统:
general assessment:
modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile-cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai; 5G capabilities launched in 2019; two operators are competitive, but majority owned by the government; HSPA (high speed packet access) + LTE networks cover most of the population; low cost smart phones readily available; mobile penetration levels among the world's highest; well-established fiber-broadband network provides future growth
(2020)
domestic:
microwave radio relay, fiber-optic and coaxial cable; fixed-line 24 per 100 and mobile-cellular 201 per 100
(2019)
international:
country code - 971; landing points for the FLAG, SEA-ME-WE-3 ,-4 & -5, Qater UAE Submarine Cable System, FALCON, FOG, Tat TGN-Gulf, OMRAN/EPEG Cable System, AAE-1, BBG, EIG, FEA, GBICS/MENA, IMEWE, Orient Express, TEAMS, TW1 and the UAE-Iran submarine cables, linking to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian)
(2020)
note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated
广播媒体:
except for the many organizations now operating in media free zones in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, most TV and radio stations remain government-owned; widespread use of satellite dishes provides access to pan-Arab and other international broadcasts; restrictions since June 2017 on some satellite channels and websites originating from or otherwise linked to Qatar
(2018)
互联网国家代码:
.ae
互联网用户:
total:
9,550,945
percent of population:
98.45%
(July 2018 est.)
世界排名: 54
宽带 - 固定用户:
total:
3,024,565
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
31
(2018 est.)
世界排名: 44
运输全国航空运输系统:
number of registered air carriers:
10
(2020)
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:
497
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:
95,533,069
(2018)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:
15,962,900,000
mt-km
(2018)
民用航空器注册国家代码前缀:
A6
(2016)
机场:
43
(2013)
世界排名: 99
机场 - 铺设跑道:
total:
25
(2013)
over 3,047 m:
12
(2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m:
3
(2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m:
5
(2013)
914 to 1,523 m:
3
(2013)
under 914 m:
2
(2013)
机场 - 未铺设跑道:
total:
18
(2013)
over 3,047 m:
1
(2013)
2,438 to 3,047 m:
1
(2013)
1,524 to 2,437 m:
4
(2013)
914 to 1,523 m:
6
(2013)
under 914 m:
6
(2013)
直升机场:
5
(2013)
运输管道:
533 km condensate, 3277 km gas, 300 km liquid petroleum gas, 3287 km oil, 24 km oil/gas/water, 218 km refined products, 99 km water
(2013)
公路:
total:
4,080 km
(2008)
paved:
4,080 km
(includes 253 km of expressways)
(2008)
世界排名: 154
商用船舶:
total:
637
by type:
bulk carrier 2, general cargo 113, oil tanker 17, other 505
(2019)
世界排名: 36
港口和码头:
主要海港:
Al Fujayrah, Mina' Jabal 'Ali (Dubai), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan) (Sharjah), Mubarraz Island (Abu Dhabi), Mina' Rashid (Dubai), Mina' Saqr (Ra's al Khaymah)
集装箱港口 (吞吐量TEU):
Dubai Port (15,368,000), Khor Fakkan (Khawr Fakkan) (Sharjah) (2,321,000)
(2017)
液化天然气接收站 (export):
Das Island
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