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First Pyrotheria (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene–early Oligocene) at Los Cardones National Park, northwestern Argentina

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Abstract

We report herein a new genus and species of Pyrotheria, Berracotherium koimeterion, from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene-early Oligocene), Salta Province (Argentina). Up to this contribution, pyrotheres had only been known from northwestern Argentina by a single fragmentary tusk referred to Propyrotherium from the Geste Formation (late Eocene), Catamarca Province. This new taxon is based on a right mandibular fragment with the roots of dp4–m1 and m2 in eruption, and it can be differentiated from other pyrotheres as follows: horizontal mandibular ramus high and robust; mandibular symphysis large that extends posteriorly to reach m1; lower cheek teeth longer than wide; m2 bilophodont; mesial and distal lophids completely separated at the labial and lingual ends; both lophids transverse, parallel, nearly straight, and low; crenulations on lophids; the cristid obliqua that connects mesial and labial lophids is conspicuous, almost perpendicular to both lophids, and it is labially placed; and well-expanded distal cingulum that forms a third lobe. A cladistic analysis was performed that recovers Berracotherium gen. nov. as a member of Pyrotheriidae and includes it within an unresolved clade with Griphodon, Propyrotherium, Baguatherium, and Pyrotherium. Berracotherium koimeterion gen. et sp. nov. increases the known diversity of Pyrotheria at both regional and global scales, as well as its geographic and stratigraphic distribution.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editorial staff and the reviewers (Dr. Cerdeño and an anonymous reviewer). We thank the rangers of Parque Nacional Los Cardones and Administración de Parques Nacionales for their logistic support of our fieldwork. We are indebted to the following colleagues, curators, and/or collection managers that kindly allowed access to photographs and specimens under their care: E. Cerdeño (Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales, Mendoza, Argentina), A. Kramarz, M. Ezcurra, and A. Martinelli (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Buenos Aires, Argentina), and S. Bargo, S. Vizcaino, and M. Reguero (Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina). We also thank the technicians M. Cardenas (MACN) and M. Miñana (MACN) for the preparation of the material.

Funding

This work was partially supported by projects ANPYCT grant PICT 201–0508 to N. Zimicz, L. Chornogubsky, J.C. Fernicola, M. Arnal and M. Bond and PICT2019–3551 to J.C. Fernicola, CONICET grant PUE22920160100098 to L. Chornogubsky and J.C. Fernicola, IBIGEO-PUE grant to N. Zimicz, and CBLUJ: 0000086–20 and CBLUJ: 0000243–21 to M. Fernández.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mercedes Fernández, Ana N. Zimicz, Mariano Bond, Laura Chornogubsky, Nahuel A. Muñoz & Juan C. Fernicola

  2. Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mercedes Fernández, Laura Chornogubsky & Juan C. Fernicola

  3. Laboratorio de Anatomía y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución 6700, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mercedes Fernández & Juan C. Fernicola

  4. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del Noroeste Argentino, Av. Bolivia 5550, 4400, Salta, Argentina

    Ana N. Zimicz

  5. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina

    Mariano Bond

  6. División Paleontología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata, Unidades de Investigación Anexo Museo de La Plata, Av. 122 y 60, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina

    Nahuel A. Muñoz

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Supplementary Information

Online Resource 1

List of characters used in phylogenetic analysis (PDF 80.1 KB)

Online Resource 2

Data matrix of the phylogenetic analysis (PDF 71 KB)

Online Resource 3

Consensus tree of the second cladistic analysis using all characters as unordered (PDF 130 KB)

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Fernández, M., Zimicz, A.N., Bond, M. et al. First Pyrotheria (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation (middle Eocene–early Oligocene) at Los Cardones National Park, northwestern Argentina. J Mammal Evol 30, 461–474 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-023-09649-5

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