Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 April 2001
The dispersal system of Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae), a common woody species of neotropical savannas, was studied in a seasonal Venezuelan savanna. Production and consumption of fruits, dispersal agents, feeding behaviour, transport and effects on seed viability, were investigated by field observations, cage experiments and viability tests. To compare different dispersers, quantitative and qualitative dispersal parameters were calculated. About 59% of the fruit crop was dispersed successfully by birds. Although 10 different bird species consumed the fruits of Palicourea rigida, three bird species dispersed 79% of the fruits (Tyrannus melancholicus, Molothrus bonariensis and Elaenia chiriquensis). T. melancholicus (Tyrannidae) was the most important dispersal agent, with more than 39% of dispersed seeds. In contrast to the predictions of the specialization vs. generalization paradigm, this system achieves high effectiveness by means of predominantly unspecialized traits in both the plant and the dispersers.
Se estudió el sistema de dispersión de Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae), una leñosa común de las sabanas neotropicales, en una sabana estacional de Venezuela. Mediante observaciones de campo y experimentos en jaulas y en el laboratorio, se estudiaron paramétros tales como producción, transporte y consumo de frutos, los agentes dispersores y su comportamiento y los efectos sobre la viabilidad de las semillas. Para comparar los agentes de dispersión se estimaron paramétros cualitativos y cuantitativos. Cerca del 59% de la cosecha total de frutos fue dispersada existosamente por pájaros. Aunque los frutos fueron consumidos por diez especies de aves, el 79% de los frutos fueron dispersados por solamente tres especies (Tyrannus melancholicus, Molothrus bonariensis y Elaenia chiriquensis). T. melancholicus (Tyrannidae) fue el más importante agente dispersor con más del 39% del total de semillas dispersadas. En contraste con el paradigma de especialización vs. generalización, este sistema alcanza alta efectividad pero se caracteriza por rasgos poco especializados, tanto en la planta como en los dispersores.
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