European ratsnake
| European ratsnake | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | Zamenis |
| Species: | Z. situla
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| Binomial name | |
| Zamenis situla | |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
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The European ratsnake (Zamenis situla), or the leopard snake, is a species of nonvenomous snake belonging to the family Colubridae. This species is found in southeastern Europe and western Anatolia.
Taxonomy
[edit]The European ratsnake was first formally describned as Coluber Situla by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758. Linnaeus gave the type locality as Egypt but this species does noy occur there.[4] This species is classified in the genus Zamenis which belongs to the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae.[3]
Geographic range
[edit]The European ratsnake is found in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine, and possibly Cyprus.[1]
Description
[edit]The European ratsnake is gray or tan with a dorsal series of reddish or brown transverse blotches, which have black borders. On each side is a series of smaller black spots, alternating with the dorsal blotches. There is a Y-shaped dark marking on the occiput and nape, a crescent-shaped black band from eye to eye across the prefrontals, and a black band from the postoculars diagonally to the corner of the mouth. The belly is white, checkered with black, or almost entirely back. The dorsal scales are in 25 or 27 rows, and are smooth. Adults may attain 90 cm (35+1⁄2 in) in total length, with a tail of 16 cm (6+1⁄4 in).[2]
Habitat
[edit]The European ratsnake is found in Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, pastureland, plantations, and rural gardens. It can be found up to 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above sea level.[1] This species is attracted to anthropogenic habitats, including barns, gardens and even rubbish dumps, most likely attracted by rodents, so much that in Greek the leopard snake is known as the "house snake".[5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Claudia Corti, Idriz Haxhiu, Roberto Sindaco, Aziz Avci, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Yusuf Kumlutaş (2009). "Zamenis situla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T61444A12485786. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61444A12485786.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Boulenger GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX. (Coluber leopardinus, pp. 41-42).
- ^ a b "Zamenis situla (LINNAEUS, 1758)". reptile-database.reptarium.cz. The Reptile Database. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Linné, Carl von and Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft (1894). Caroli Linnæi Systema naturæ. Lipsiæ: Sumptibus Guilielmi Engelmann.
- ^ Kevin Stevens (1995). "The European Ratsnakes of the Genus Elaphe". British Herpetological Society Bulletin (59): 10–20.
Further reading
[edit]- Arnold EN, Burton JA (1978). A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe. London: Collins. 272 pp. + Plates 1-40. ISBN 0-00-219318-3. (Elaphe situla, pp. 197–198 + Plate 36 + Map 110 on p. 266).
- Linnaeus C (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber situla,new species, p. 223). (in Latin).
- Venchi A, Sindaco R (2006). "Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 — Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes)". Annali del Museo di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova 98: 259–364.