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Sopore

Coordinates: 34°18′N 74°28′E / 34.30°N 74.47°E / 34.30; 74.47
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sopore
Sopore Town
City
The Municipal Council Of Sopore
Nickname: 
Chota London (Mini London) Or Apple Town
Sopore is located in Jammu and Kashmir
Sopore
Sopore
Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Sopore is located in India
Sopore
Sopore
Sopore (India)
Coordinates: 34°18′N 74°28′E / 34.30°N 74.47°E / 34.30; 74.47
CountryIndia
Union territoryJammu and Kashmir
DistrictBaramulla
Incorporated as Tehsil1883
Government
 • TypeDemocratic (MLA)
 • BodyThe Sopore Municipal Council
Area
[1][2]
 • Total
18.90 km2 (7.30 sq mi)
 • Rank5
Population
 (2011)[1][2]
 • Total
71,292
 • Rank6
 • Density3,800/km2 (9,800/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Sopruk, Sopori, Soporian, Soporewale
Languages
 • OfficialKashmiri, Urdu, Hindi, Dogri, English[3][4]
 • SpokenKashmiri
Demographics
[1][2]
 • Literacy rate70.8%
 • Sex ratio897.6 ♀/ 1000 ♂
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pin Code
193201 (Sopore City And Zaingair Block)
Telephone code01954
Vehicle registrationJK-05

Sopore (Urdu pronunciation: [soːpoːr] ; Kashmiri pronunciation: [soːpoːr]) is a city in the Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir in disputed kashmir region.[5] It is 45 km (28 mi) north-west of Srinagar, and 16 km (10 mi) north-east from the city of Baramulla.

A distant view of the Jamia Masjid Sopore
Clock Tower at Iqbal Market Sopore
Buses in the main Bus stand
General Bus Stand Sopore

Sopore is one of the largest subdivisions in Jammu and Kashmir, consisting of seven tehsils, and holding the distinction of being the oldest existing subdivision of the state. Recognized as an urban area right from the 1911 census.[6] Sopore has long been a central business hub in North Kashmir. Its historical significance, coupled with its economic role, underscores its prominent position in the region.[6]

Sopore features Asia's second-largest fruit mandi, located at Nowpora Kalan Sopore approximately 2 km away from the main town, boasting an annual turnover of over ₹3000 crore. This mandi facilitates around 40 percent of the apple production and sales in the Kashmir Valley, which has led to Sopore being known as the 'Apple Town of Kashmir'.[7][8] Additionally, Wular Lake, one of the Asia's largest freshwater lakes, lies between Sopore and the Bandipore district. Wular Lake is a major source of fish for the Kashmir Valley and is also distinguished for its production of water chestnuts, enhancing the region's economic and ecological significance.[6][9][10]

Municipal Council Sopore is a local urban body which administrates the city of Sopore. There are 21 wards in Sopore M.Cl (Municipal Council) and two OG's (Outgrowths) as Amargarh and Nowpora Kalan.[11][12]

Old Sopur is settled on the both banks of the Jhelum River, lending it a picturesque and historically rich setting. This historic area is known for its densely packed network of 30-35 mohalla's.[13] Notable mohalla's include Hatishah, Jamia Qadeem, Khanqah, Chankhan, Untoo Hamam, Sofi Hamam, Now Hamam, Batpora, Ashpeer, Khushal Matoo, Muslim Peer, Kralteng, Sangrampora, Maharajpora, Teliyan and Takyabal. Each mohalla has its own unique character and history, together forming a diverse and culturally significant part of Old Sopur.[14][15]

New Sopore began to take shape in the mid-20th century, starting with its first planned colony, New Colony.[14] Over time, this development expanded to include a variety of other colonies, such as Noor Bagh, Iqbal Nagar, Badam Bagh, Baba Raza, Siddiq Colony, Model Town, Shah Kirman Colony and New Light Colony, among others. Each of these neighborhoods were designed with modern infrastructure and amenities, reflecting the region's growth and enhancement of urban living standards.[11][16][17]

Sopore division encompasses the city of Sopore, several surrounding villages, and a notable region known as the Zaingair belt. This belt includes a numerous villages such as Dangerpora, Dooru, Mundji, Hardshiva, Warpora, Botingoo, Wadoora, Tujar, Brath, Bomai, Seelo, Logripora, Zaloora etc. Each of these villages play a vital role in supporting and sustaining the economy of the Sopore region.[18][19]

Markets and Commercial Centers

[edit]

Old Sopore is home to a historic marketplace that has been a central hub for trade and commerce for over a century.[20] This marketplace is locally known as Bada Bazar, which serves as the main market of Sopore.[21] Running parallel to Bada Bazar is its counterpart, the narrower Chota Bazar.[22] Together, these markets host a diverse range of retail and wholesale establishments, including general stores, grocery shops, cloth merchants, readymade garment shops, copper shops, goldsmiths and various other shops.[23] Chota Bazar is also renowned for its prominent fish market, often referred to as Gaade Bazar.[24][25]

Main Chowk Sopore, often referred to as Samad Talkies Chowk due to the historic Samad Talkies Cinema that once stood there, serves as the central hub of the town.[26][27] This bustling intersection links four key markets: Bada Bazar and Chota Bazar on one side, Iqbal Market on the opposite side, and Super Bazar and Tehsil Road on the remaining sides. This bustling intersection is truly the heart of Sopore, linking its vibrant commercial centers.

Since 1947, the town's market has expanded at least fivefold.[28] A major development in this expansion was the emergence of Iqbal Market, which quickly became the heart of commercial activities. Iqbal Market is renowned for its bustling Sunday Market, where vendors gather to sell their goods.[29][30] Additionally, Iqbal Market connects seamlessly with Shah Faisal Market and the General Bus Stand Market, creating a vibrant and well-integrated commercial area.[31]

Other significant markets in Sopore include Chankhan Market, Downtown, and Tehsil Road, which is commonly referred to as Bugu. The New Colony area, located near the General Bus Stand, has grown from Sopore's first planned colony into a major commercial hub. Additionally, Amargarh and the Sopore Bypass are rapidly developing into prominent commercial zones, further enhancing the city's economic landscape. [32]

History

[edit]

Sopore was earlier known as "Suyyapura" in Antiquity. Suyyapura, founded by a reputed Kashmiri engineer Suyya during the reign of Raja Awantivarma (855-883 A.D.) and commemorating his name, is undoubtedly the town known now as Sopore.[citation needed]

J.P. Ferguson in his book entitled 'Kashmir' remarks "Suyya stands out as a person hundreds of years in advance of his time". [citation needed]It is because of the technical intelligence and real skill he possessed and applied for draining off the flood water which could find no outlet and had made the cultivation of land impossible with the result that famine like condition prevailed in the whole of the valley. That is why, in the light of the results achieved by this great engineer, he has been regarded as an incarnation of Lord of Food himself by the great historian Kalhana in his book 'Rajatarangini'. Suyya's reputation attracted many persons who also settled at the place he resided and which eventually came to be known as Suyyapura, meaning the place where Suyya settled. With the passage of time and constant use, the pronunciation of the name was distorted into Sopore by which it is known at present.

M.A. Stein, the English translator of Kalhanas 'Rajatarangini' in his book 'Memoir on maps illustrating the Ancient Geography of Kashmir' published in 1899, (p-208) while writing about Sopore town remarks: Sopore which lies a short distance below the point where the Vitasta leaves the Wular, has retained its importance to this day and still a town of over 8,000 inhabitants. It has during recent times been the official headquarter for the whole of Kamraj. From a passage of Srivara it appears that this had been the case already at an earlier period. Relating a great conflagration which destroyed Suyyapura in Zain-ul-Abidin's time, this chronicle tells us that in it perished the whole of the official archives relating to Kamarajya. The royal residence, however, escaped and the town itself was again built up by the King in great splendour. Of this, however, nothing has remained; nor does the town now show older remains of any interest." As will be clear from the history of the town narrated above, there is no trace left of any historical buildings or ancient monuments which could throw some light on the past. It is quite likely that the ancient remains might have been destroyed in the conflagration that broke out during the reign of Zain-ul-Abdin (1420-1470 A.D.).

Kashmir Sultanate era

[edit]

In 1459, Sopur was attacked by Adam Khan, son of the sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, during a rebellion against his father. The town's governor resisted, but he was defeated and killed, and Adam had the town destroyed. Zain-ul-Abidin responded by sending an army to Sopur, and they routed Adam's forces in a pitched battle. While Adam and his followers were fleeing across the Jhelum at Sopur, the bridge collapsed and 300 of his followers drowned in the river.[33]: 83 

At some point late in Zain-ul-Abidin's reign, the town of Sopur was destroyed by fire (this might be a duplicate reference to Adam Khan's destruction of Sopur; the source isn't clear about this). Sometime after this happened, Zain-ul-Abidin built a new palace at Sopur; another palace at Baramula was demolished at this point and its materials were used to build the new palace at Sopur. Zain-ul-Abidin also had a swinging bridge constructed at Sopur during his reign.[33]: 98 

The swinging bridge continued to be the sole communication link across the river until 1955 when it was discarded in favour of an R.C.C. bridge constructed about half a mile down stream. Lately the old bridge has also been reconstructed and thrown open to traffic.

Sopur Bridge, photograph by Samuel Bourne in 1864

Demographics

[edit]

As of 2011 India census, Sopore urban area had a population of 71,292 and an area of 18.9 km2 (7.3 sq mi).[1][2] The urban area consisted of the city which has a municipal council and some outgrowths.[2] In the 2011 census, the city had a population of 61,098 and an area of 9.90 km2 (3.82 sq mi).[2] In the urban area there were 37,570 males (53%) and 33,722 females (47%).[1] Of the population, 9,329 (13.1%) were age 0-6: 5,042 males (54%) and 4,287 females (46%).[1] The literacy rate for the people over six was 70.8% (males 78.6%, females 62.3%).[1]

Historical Population
Year1911192119311941195119611971198120012011
Pop.8,5148,52410,98211,77015,37818,98727,69733,58459,62471,292
±%—    +0.1%+28.8%+7.2%+30.7%+23.5%+45.9%+21.3%+77.5%+19.6%
Source: [2]

Administration

[edit]

Sh. Shabir Ahmad Raina is serving as the ADC(Addl Deputy Commissioner) Sopore and Ms. Divya D-IPS as SP(Superintendent of Police) Sopore.[34]

Education

[edit]

The main public educational institutions in Sopore are:

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g District Census Handbook Baramulla, Part B (PDF). Census of India 2011 (Report). 16 June 2014. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g A-4 Towns And Urban Agglomerations Classified By Population Size Class In 2011 With Variation Since 1901. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India (Report).
    Class - II Population of 50,000 and 99,999 (Report).
  3. ^ "The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020" (PDF). The Gazette of India. 27 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  4. ^ "Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020". Rising Kashmir. 23 September 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  5. ^ The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). (a) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories."; (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."; (c) "Kashmir", Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, p. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947"; (d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute betw een India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." (e) Talbot, Ian (2016), A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas, Yale University Press, pp. 28–29, ISBN 978-0-300-19694-8 Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir."; (f) Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 15 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962."; (g) Bose, Sumantra (2009), Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace, Harvard University Press, pp. 294, 291, 293, ISBN 978-0-674-02855-5 Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. AJK has six districts: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bagh, Kodi, Rawalakot, and Poonch. Its capital is the town of Muzaffarabad. AJK has its own institutions, but its political life is heavily controlled by Pakistani authorities, especially the military), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control." (h) Fisher, Michael H. (2018), An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press, p. 166, ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2 Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir."; (i) Snedden, Christopher (2015), Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Oxford University Press, p. 10, ISBN 978-1-84904-621-3 Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
  6. ^ a b c "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore" (PDF).
  7. ^ "Asia's second-largest fruit mandi in Kashmir abuzz with buyers from across India". WION. 4 September 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  8. ^ "Sopore Fruit Market", Wikipedia, 18 January 2024, retrieved 27 July 2024
  9. ^ Life, Kashmir (24 August 2022). "Singhara Harvest Strats In Wular Lake". Kashmir Life. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  10. ^ Raina, Sajid Maqbool (2024). "Wular Lake, once a fishing hub, loses sheen; fishermen seek alternative livelihoods | KNO". Kashmir News Observer. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  11. ^ a b "Municipal Council Sopore" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Municipal Council Sopore Notified Area Council". localbodydata.com. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | Chapter 1, Page 3" (PDF).
  14. ^ a b "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | Chapter 1, Page 1-2" (PDF).
  15. ^ National Mission on, Monuments and Antiquities. "National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities".
  16. ^ "MM College of Paramedical Science and Technology Sopore : Best Paramedical College in Kashmir". Kashmir Patriot. 5 June 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  17. ^ "Sopore Master Plan 2032" (PDF).
  18. ^ "'Zaingeer' The Spring Village of Sopore - The Web Story". 3 October 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  19. ^ "Villages & Towns in Sopore Tehsil of Baramula, Jammu and Kashmir". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  20. ^ "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | Chapter 3, Page 38" (PDF).
  21. ^ "4 policemen killed in IED blast in Sopore | Paragraph 2 mentions Bada Bazar".
  22. ^ Mohammed, Ghulam (21 July 2024). "Burglars loot several shops in Sopore | Paragraph 1 mentions Chota Bazar". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | Chapter 1, Page 9-10" (PDF).
  24. ^ Aap Interview channel Aap News (5 January 2021). FAMOUS FISH MARKET CHOTA LONDON SOPORE (SUBSCRIBE MY YOUTUBE CHANNAL). Retrieved 27 July 2024 – via YouTube.
  25. ^ "Capturing the Essence of Sopore's Unassuming Yet Renowned Fish Market". PHOTO ESSAY BY REHANA MAQBOOL AND MEHNAZA AKHTER. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Memories of 1993 massacre still fresh in Sopore town | Paragraph 4,5 mentions Samad Talkies and Main Chowk". Daily Times. 6 January 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | Chapter 1, Samad Talkies Image between page 10 and 11. | Chapter 4, Page 51 mentions Samad Talkies established date" (PDF).
  28. ^ "Census of India 1971, A Pilot Town Study of Sopore | chapter 1, page 8" (PDF).
  29. ^ "Huge rush of people is seen at Iqbal Market Sopore amid COVID-19..." Getty Images. 20 July 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  30. ^ MUHAMMAD, GHULAM (8 December 2021). "Street vendors stage protest in Sopore". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  31. ^ MUHAMMAD, GHULAM (21 December 2023). "Authorities remove roadside encroachments in Sopore | Mentions of Shah Faisal Market and Gen bus stand". Greater Kashmir. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  32. ^ Sopore, Master Plan 2032 (2013). "Sopore Master Plan 2032 | Mentions about Tehsil road, Bugu, Chankhan, New Colony, Amargarh, Sopore Bypass" (PDF).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ a b Hasan, Mohibbul (1959). Kashmīr under the Sulṭāns (2005 ed.). Delhi: Aakar Books. ISBN 978-81-87879-49-7. Retrieved 3 June 2024. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  34. ^ "Who's Who | Official website of District Baramulla | India". Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  35. ^ "Faculty of Agriculture". Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  36. ^ "Industrial Training Institute , welkin educational trust, nether field school,Jalalabad". Industrial Training Institute Jalalabad. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
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