promulgar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prōmulgāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [pɾu.mulˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [pɾo.mulˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [pɾo.mulˈɣaɾ]
• Homophone: promulgà
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

Verb

promulgar (first-person singular present promulgo, first-person singular preterite promulguí, past participle promulgat)

1. (transitive) to promulgate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of promulgar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			promulgar
gerund			promulgant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		promulgat		promulgada
		plural		promulgats		promulgades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	promulgo	promulgues	promulga	promulguem	promulgueu	promulguen
	imperfect	promulgava	promulgaves	promulgava	promulgàvem	promulgàveu	promulgaven
	future	promulgaré	promulgaràs	promulgarà	promulgarem	promulgareu	promulgaran
	preterite	promulguí	promulgares	promulgà	promulgàrem	promulgàreu	promulgaren
	conditional	promulgaria	promulgaries	promulgaria	promulgaríem	promulgaríeu	promulgarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	promulgui	promulguis	promulgui	promulguem	promulgueu	promulguin
	imperfect	promulgués	promulguessis	promulgués	promulguéssim	promulguéssiu	promulguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	promulga	promulgui	promulguem	promulgueu	promulguin
	negative (no)	—	no promulguis	no promulgui	no promulguem	no promulgueu	no promulguin

Related terms

• promulgació

Further reading

• “promulgar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “promulgar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025.
• “promulgar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “promulgar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin prōmulgō, English promulgate, French promulguer, German promulgieren, Italian promulgare, Spanish promulgar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /promulˈɡar/

Verb

promulgar (present tense promulgas, past tense promulgis, future tense promulgos, imperative promulgez, conditional promulgus)

1. (transitive) to promulgate

Conjugation

Conjugation of promulgar

		present		past		future
infinitive		promulgar		promulgir		promulgor
tense		promulgas		promulgis		promulgos
conditional		promulgus		—		—
imperative		promulgez		—		—
adjective active participle		promulganta		promulginta		promulgonta
adverbial active participle		promulgante		promulginte		promulgonte
nominal active participle	singular	promulganto		promulginto		promulgonto
	plural	promulganti		promulginti		promulgonti
adjective passive participle		promulgata		promulgita		promulgota
adverbial passive participle		promulgate		promulgite		promulgote
nominal passive participle	singular	promulgato		promulgito		promulgoto
	plural	promulgati		promulgiti		promulgoti

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin prōmulgāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾo.muwˈɡa(ʁ)/ [pɾo.muʊ̯ˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾo.muwˈɡa(ʁ)/ [pɾo.muʊ̯ˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /pɾo.muwˈɡa(ɾ)/ [pɾo.muʊ̯ˈɡa(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /pɾo.muwˈɡa(ʁ)/ [pɾo.muʊ̯ˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /pɾo.muwˈɡa(ɻ)/ [pɾo.muʊ̯ˈɡa(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾu.mulˈɡaɾ/ [pɾu.muɫˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾu.mulˈɡaɾ/ [pɾu.muɫˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /pɾu.mulˈɡa.ɾi/ [pɾu.muɫˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: pro‧mul‧gar

Verb

promulgar (first-person singular present promulgo, first-person singular preterite promulguei, past participle promulgado)

1. (transitive) to promulgate (make known to the public)
2. (transitive) to enact (sign into law or by decree)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of promulgar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	promulgar
Personal	promulgar	promulgares	promulgar	promulgarmos	promulgardes	promulgarem
Gerund
	promulgando
Past participle
Masculine	promulgado			promulgados
Feminine	promulgada			promulgadas
Indicative
Present	promulgo	promulgas	promulga	promulgamos	promulgais	promulgam
Imperfect	promulgava	promulgavas	promulgava	promulgávamos	promulgáveis	promulgavam
Preterite	promulguei	promulgaste	promulgou	promulgamos1, promulgámos2	promulgastes	promulgaram
Pluperfect	promulgara	promulgaras	promulgara	promulgáramos	promulgáreis	promulgaram
Future	promulgarei	promulgarás	promulgará	promulgaremos	promulgareis	promulgarão
Conditional	promulgaria	promulgarias	promulgaria	promulgaríamos	promulgaríeis	promulgariam
Subjunctive
Present	promulgue	promulgues	promulgue	promulguemos	promulgueis	promulguem
Imperfect	promulgasse	promulgasses	promulgasse	promulgássemos	promulgásseis	promulgassem
Future	promulgar	promulgares	promulgar	promulgarmos	promulgardes	promulgarem
Imperative
Affirmative		promulga	promulgue	promulguemos	promulgai	promulguem
Negative (não)		não promulgues	não promulgue	não promulguemos	não promulgueis	não promulguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• promulgação

Further reading

• “promulgar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin prōmulgāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɾomulˈɡaɾ/ [pɾo.mulˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: pro‧mul‧gar

Verb

promulgar (first-person singular present promulgo, first-person singular preterite promulgué, past participle promulgado)

1. (law) to enact, to promulgate
   • 2015 July 21, “La Ley de Propiedad Horizontal, ¿una norma doméstica?”, in El País‎^[1]:

     La LPH promulgada el 21 de julio de 1960, en plena dictadura y emergiendo un desarrollismo fue, a buen seguro, el primer instrumento legal que contenía el principio democrático del voto, previa reunión asamblearia, en la que participaban los propietarios, integrados en una comunidad, y decidían de esta forma todo lo concerniente al buen gobierno e interés común.

     The LPH promulgated on July 21, 1960, in the midst of the dictatorship and emerging developmentalism, was certainly the first legal instrument that contained the democratic principle of voting, after an assembly meeting, in which the owners, integrated in a community, participated and decided in this way all matters concerning good governance and common interest.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of promulgar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			promulgar
gerund			promulgando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		promulgado		promulgada
		plural		promulgados		promulgadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	promulgo	promulgastú promulgásvos	promulga	promulgamos	promulgáis	promulgan
	imperfect	promulgaba	promulgabas	promulgaba	promulgábamos	promulgabais	promulgaban
	preterite	promulgué	promulgaste	promulgó	promulgamos	promulgasteis	promulgaron
	future	promulgaré	promulgarás	promulgará	promulgaremos	promulgaréis	promulgarán
	conditional	promulgaría	promulgarías	promulgaría	promulgaríamos	promulgaríais	promulgarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	promulgue	promulguestú promulguésvos2	promulgue	promulguemos	promulguéis	promulguen
	imperfect (ra)	promulgara	promulgaras	promulgara	promulgáramos	promulgarais	promulgaran
	imperfect (se)	promulgase	promulgases	promulgase	promulgásemos	promulgaseis	promulgasen
	future1	promulgare	promulgares	promulgare	promulgáremos	promulgareis	promulgaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		promulgatú promulgávos	promulgue	promulguemos	promulgad	promulguen
	negative		no promulgues	no promulgue	no promulguemos	no promulguéis	no promulguen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of promulgar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive promulgar	dative	promulgarme	promulgarte	promulgarle, promulgarse	promulgarnos	promulgaros	promulgarles, promulgarse
	accusative	promulgarme	promulgarte	promulgarlo, promulgarla, promulgarse	promulgarnos	promulgaros	promulgarlos, promulgarlas, promulgarse
with gerund promulgando	dative	promulgándome	promulgándote	promulgándole, promulgándose	promulgándonos	promulgándoos	promulgándoles, promulgándose
	accusative	promulgándome	promulgándote	promulgándolo, promulgándola, promulgándose	promulgándonos	promulgándoos	promulgándolos, promulgándolas, promulgándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative promulga	dative	promúlgame	promúlgate	promúlgale	promúlganos	not used	promúlgales
	accusative	promúlgame	promúlgate	promúlgalo, promúlgala	promúlganos	not used	promúlgalos, promúlgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative promulgá	dative	promulgame	promulgate	promulgale	promulganos	not used	promulgales
	accusative	promulgame	promulgate	promulgalo, promulgala	promulganos	not used	promulgalos, promulgalas
with formal second-person singular imperative promulgue	dative	promúlgueme	not used	promúlguele, promúlguese	promúlguenos	not used	promúlgueles
	accusative	promúlgueme	not used	promúlguelo, promúlguela, promúlguese	promúlguenos	not used	promúlguelos, promúlguelas
with first-person plural imperative promulguemos	dative	not used	promulguémoste	promulguémosle	promulguémonos	promulguémoos	promulguémosles
	accusative	not used	promulguémoste	promulguémoslo, promulguémosla	promulguémonos	promulguémoos	promulguémoslos, promulguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative promulgad	dative	promulgadme	not used	promulgadle	promulgadnos	promulgaos	promulgadles
	accusative	promulgadme	not used	promulgadlo, promulgadla	promulgadnos	promulgaos	promulgadlos, promulgadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative promulguen	dative	promúlguenme	not used	promúlguenle	promúlguennos	not used	promúlguenles, promúlguense
	accusative	promúlguenme	not used	promúlguenlo, promúlguenla	promúlguennos	not used	promúlguenlos, promúlguenlas, promúlguense

Related terms

• promulgación
• promulgador

Further reading

• “promulgar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10