Vulnerable Library - nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

CVE-2022-30123

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A sequence injection vulnerability exists in Rack <2.0.9.1, <2.1.4.1 and <2.2.3.1 which could allow is a possible shell escape in the Lint and CommonLogger components of Rack.

Publish Date: 2022-12-05

URL: CVE-2022-30123

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 1.7%

CVSS 3 Score Details (10.0)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Changed
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-wq4h-7r42-5hrr

Release Date: 2022-12-05

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.1,2.1.4.1,2.2.3.1

CVE-2020-8165

Vulnerable Library - activesupport-5.2.3.gem

A toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Rich support for multibyte strings, internationalization, time zones, and testing.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ activesupport-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A deserialization of untrusted data vulnernerability exists in rails < 5.2.4.3, rails < 6.0.3.1 that can allow an attacker to unmarshal user-provided objects in MemCacheStore and RedisCacheStore potentially resulting in an RCE.

Publish Date: 2020-06-19

URL: CVE-2020-8165

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 91.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (9.8)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-2p68-f74v-9wc6

Release Date: 2020-06-19

Fix Resolution: 5.2.4.3,6.0.3.1

WS-2022-0089

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • actionview-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Nokogiri before version 1.13.2 is vulnerable.

Publish Date: 2024-12-05

URL: WS-2022-0089

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS:

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.8)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: Required
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://www.mend.io/vulnerability-database/WS-2022-0089

Release Date: 2024-12-05

Fix Resolution: rb-nokogiri - no_fix

CVE-2022-29181

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • actionview-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for Ruby. Nokogiri prior to version 1.13.6 does not type-check all inputs into the XML and HTML4 SAX parsers, allowing specially crafted untrusted inputs to cause illegal memory access errors (segfault) or reads from unrelated memory. Version 1.13.6 contains a patch for this issue. As a workaround, ensure the untrusted input is a String by calling #to_s or equivalent.

Publish Date: 2022-05-20

URL: CVE-2022-29181

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 1.8%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.2)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: Low
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29181

Release Date: 2022-05-20

Fix Resolution: nokogiri - 1.13.6

CVE-2022-23634

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Puma is a Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism. Prior to puma version 5.6.2, puma may not always call close on the response body. Rails, prior to version 7.0.2.2, depended on the response body being closed in order for its CurrentAttributes implementation to work correctly. The combination of these two behaviors (Puma not closing the body + Rails' Executor implementation) causes information leakage. This problem is fixed in Puma versions 5.6.2 and 4.3.11. This problem is fixed in Rails versions 7.02.2, 6.1.4.6, 6.0.4.6, and 5.2.6.2. Upgrading to a patched Rails or Puma version fixes the vulnerability.

Publish Date: 2022-02-11

URL: CVE-2022-23634

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.3%

CVSS 3 Score Details (8.0)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: High
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: Required
  • Scope: Changed
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: None

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-wh98-p28r-vrc9

Release Date: 2022-02-11

Fix Resolution: puma - 4.3.11, 5.6.2; actionpack - 5.2.6.2, 6.0.4.6, 6.1.4.6, 7.0.2.2

WS-2023-0224

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

In actionpack prior to 6.1.5 there is a Possible DOS in app with crashing exceptions_app.

Publish Date: 2023-06-28

URL: WS-2023-0224

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS:

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2023-06-28

Fix Resolution: actionpack - 6.1.5

CVE-2025-27610

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Rack provides an interface for developing web applications in Ruby. Prior to versions 2.2.13, 3.0.14, and 3.1.12, "Rack::Static" can serve files under the specified "root:" even if "urls:" are provided, which may expose other files under the specified "root:" unexpectedly. The vulnerability occurs because "Rack::Static" does not properly sanitize user-supplied paths before serving files. Specifically, encoded path traversal sequences are not correctly validated, allowing attackers to access files outside the designated static file directory. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can gain access to all files under the specified "root:" directory, provided they are able to determine then path of the file. Versions 2.2.13, 3.0.14, and 3.1.12 contain a patch for the issue. Other mitigations include removing usage of "Rack::Static", or ensuring that "root:" points at a directory path which only contains files which should be accessed publicly. It is likely that a CDN or similar static file server would also mitigate the issue.

Publish Date: 2025-03-10

URL: CVE-2025-27610

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: None

CVE-2024-41128

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. Starting in version 3.1.0 and prior to versions 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, and 7.2.1.1, there is a possible ReDoS vulnerability in the query parameter filtering routines of Action Dispatch. Carefully crafted query parameters can cause query parameter filtering to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a DoS vulnerability. All users running an affected release should either upgrade to version 6.1.7.9, 7.0.8.5, 7.1.4.1, or 7.2.1.1 or apply the relevant patch immediately. One may use Ruby 3.2 as a workaround. Ruby 3.2 has mitigations for this problem, so Rails applications using Ruby 3.2 or newer are unaffected. Rails 8.0.0.beta1 depends on Ruby 3.2 or greater so is unaffected.

Publish Date: 2024-10-16

URL: CVE-2024-41128

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.2%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-x76w-6vjr-8xgj

Release Date: 2024-10-16

Fix Resolution: actionpack - 6.1.7.9,7.0.8.5,7.1.4.1,7.2.1.1

CVE-2024-34459

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • actionview-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

An issue was discovered in xmllint (from libxml2) before 2.11.8 and 2.12.x before 2.12.7. Formatting error messages with xmllint --htmlout can result in a buffer over-read in xmlHTMLPrintFileContext in xmllint.c.
Mend Note: This vulnerability does not affect RubyGem's Nokogiri directly, but its dependency libxml2, which is downloaded during Nokogiri's depndency resolution.

Publish Date: 2024-05-13

URL: CVE-2024-34459

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.5%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: None

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-r95h-9x8f-r3f7

Release Date: 2024-05-14

Fix Resolution: libxml2-v2.11.8,v2.12.7, nokogiri - 1.16.5

CVE-2023-27530

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A DoS vulnerability exists in Rack <v3.0.4.2, <v2.2.6.3, <v2.1.4.3 and <v2.0.9.3 within in the Multipart MIME parsing code in which could allow an attacker to craft requests that can be abuse to cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.

Publish Date: 2023-03-10

URL: CVE-2023-27530

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 5.4%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2023-03-10

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.3,2.1.4.3,2.2.6.3,3.0.4.2

CVE-2023-22796

Vulnerable Library - activesupport-5.2.3.gem

A toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework. Rich support for multibyte strings, internationalization, time zones, and testing.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/activesupport-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ activesupport-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Active Support <6.1.7.1 and <7.0.4.1. A specially crafted string passed to the underscore method can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2023-22796

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 1.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-j6gc-792m-qgm2

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: activesupport - 6.1.7.1,7.0.4.1

CVE-2023-22795

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.1.7.1 and <7.0.4.1 related to the If-None-Match header. A specially crafted HTTP If-None-Match header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking, when on a version of Ruby below 3.2.0. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2023-22795

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.8%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: actionpack - 6.1.7.1, 7.0.4.1

CVE-2023-22792

Vulnerable Library - actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Web apps on Rails. Simple, battle-tested conventions for building and testing MVC web applications. Works with any Rack-compatible server.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/actionpack-5.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • ❌ actionpack-5.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A regular expression based DoS vulnerability in Action Dispatch <6.0.6.1,< 6.1.7.1, and <7.0.4.1. Specially crafted cookies, in combination with a specially crafted X_FORWARDED_HOST header can cause the regular expression engine to enter a state of catastrophic backtracking. This can cause the process to use large amounts of CPU and memory, leading to a possible DoS vulnerability All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2023-22792

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 1.7%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: actionpack - 6.1.7.1,7.0.4.1

CVE-2022-44572

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A denial of service vulnerability in the multipart parsing component of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1 and 3.0.0.1 could allow an attacker tocraft input that can cause RFC2183 multipart boundary parsing in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtually all Rails applications) are impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44572

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.2%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-rqv2-275x-2jq5

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-44571

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

There is a denial of service vulnerability in the Content-Disposition parsingcomponent of Rack fixed in 2.0.9.2, 2.1.4.2, 2.2.4.1, 3.0.0.1. This could allow an attacker to craft an input that can cause Content-Disposition header parsing in Rackto take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial ofservice attack vector. This header is used typically used in multipartparsing. Any applications that parse multipart posts using Rack (virtuallyall Rails applications) are impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44571

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 2.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-93pm-5p5f-3ghx

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-44570

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A denial of service vulnerability in the Range header parsing component of Rack >= 1.5.0. A Carefully crafted input can cause the Range header parsing component in Rack to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. Any applications that deal with Range requests (such as streaming applications, or applications that serve files) may be impacted.

Publish Date: 2023-02-09

URL: CVE-2022-44570

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 2.0%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-65f5-mfpf-vfhj

Release Date: 2023-02-09

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.2,2.1.4.2,2.2.6.2,3.0.4.1

CVE-2022-31163

Vulnerable Library - tzinfo-1.2.5.gem

TZInfo provides daylight savings aware transformations between times in different time zones.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/tzinfo-1.2.5.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/tzinfo-1.2.5.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • activesupport-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ tzinfo-1.2.5.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

TZInfo is a Ruby library that provides access to time zone data and allows times to be converted using time zone rules. Versions prior to 0.36.1, as well as those prior to 1.2.10 when used with the Ruby data source tzinfo-data, are vulnerable to relative path traversal. With the Ruby data source, time zones are defined in Ruby files. There is one file per time zone. Time zone files are loaded with require on demand. In the affected versions, TZInfo::Timezone.get fails to validate time zone identifiers correctly, allowing a new line character within the identifier. With Ruby version 1.9.3 and later, TZInfo::Timezone.get can be made to load unintended files with require, executing them within the Ruby process. Versions 0.3.61 and 1.2.10 include fixes to correctly validate time zone identifiers. Versions 2.0.0 and later are not vulnerable. Version 0.3.61 can still load arbitrary files from the Ruby load path if their name follows the rules for a valid time zone identifier and the file has a prefix of tzinfo/definition within a directory in the load path. Applications should ensure that untrusted files are not placed in a directory on the load path. As a workaround, the time zone identifier can be validated before passing to TZInfo::Timezone.get by ensuring it matches the regular expression \A[A-Za-z0-9+\-_]+(?:\/[A-Za-z0-9+\-_]+)*\z.

Publish Date: 2022-07-21

URL: CVE-2022-31163

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 9.099999%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: High
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: Required
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: High
  • Integrity Impact: High
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-5cm2-9h8c-rvfx

Release Date: 2022-07-22

Fix Resolution: tzinfo - 0.3.61,1.2.10

CVE-2022-30122

Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.3.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.3.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rack-2.2.3.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rack-2.2.3.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

A possible denial of service vulnerability exists in Rack <2.0.9.1, <2.1.4.1 and <2.2.3.1 in the multipart parsing component of Rack.

Publish Date: 2022-12-05

URL: CVE-2022-30122

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.8%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-hxqx-xwvh-44m2

Release Date: 2022-12-05

Fix Resolution: rack - 2.0.9.1,2.1.4.1,2.2.3.1

CVE-2022-24836

Vulnerable Library - nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Nokogiri (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader parser. Among Nokogiri's many features is the ability to search documents via XPath or CSS3 selectors.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/nokogiri-1.10.8.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • actionview-5.2.3.gem
          • rails-dom-testing-2.0.3.gem
            • ❌ nokogiri-1.10.8.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

Nokogiri is an open source XML and HTML library for Ruby. Nokogiri < v1.13.4 contains an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to detect encoding in HTML documents. Users are advised to upgrade to Nokogiri >= 1.13.4. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

Publish Date: 2022-04-11

URL: CVE-2022-24836

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.6%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-crjr-9rc5-ghw8

Release Date: 2022-04-11

Fix Resolution: nokogiri - 1.13.4

CVE-2022-23517

Vulnerable Library - rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem

HTML sanitization for Rails applications

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/2.7.0/cache/rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:

• nexmo_rails-0.4.1.gem (Root Library)
  • dotenv-rails-2.7.4.gem
    • railties-5.2.3.gem
      • actionpack-5.2.3.gem
        • ❌ rails-html-sanitizer-1.0.4.gem (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: main

Vulnerability Details

rails-html-sanitizer is responsible for sanitizing HTML fragments in Rails applications. Certain configurations of rails-html-sanitizer < 1.4.4 use an inefficient regular expression that is susceptible to excessive backtracking when attempting to sanitize certain SVG attributes. This may lead to a denial of service through CPU resource consumption. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.4.

Publish Date: 2022-12-14

URL: CVE-2022-23517

Threat Assessment

Exploit Maturity: Not Defined

EPSS: 0.1%

CVSS 3 Score Details (7.5)

Base Score Metrics:

• Exploitability Metrics:
  • Attack Vector: Network
  • Attack Complexity: Low
  • Privileges Required: None
  • User Interaction: None
  • Scope: Unchanged
• Impact Metrics:
  • Confidentiality Impact: None
  • Integrity Impact: None
  • Availability Impact: High

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Origin: GHSA-5x79-w82f-gw8w

Release Date: 2022-12-14

Fix Resolution: rails-html-sanitizer - 1.4.4