CN104956827A - 3D fertilization method for base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents
3D fertilization method for base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956827A CN104956827A CN201510304737.7A CN201510304737A CN104956827A CN 104956827 A CN104956827 A CN 104956827A CN 201510304737 A CN201510304737 A CN 201510304737A CN 104956827 A CN104956827 A CN 104956827A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D fertilization method for a base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The 3D fertilization method mainly comprises the following steps: in 15 to 30 d before transplantation of flue-cured tobacco, mixing composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate and organic fertilizer, uniformly applying the obtained mixture into soil, then mixing the fertilizer with soil and carrying out ridging so as to allow the fertilizer to be uniformly distributed in ridge bodies. The method mitigates the phenomenon of seedling burnt caused by concentrated fertilization, abates the phenomena of weak growth vigor of flue-cured tobacco in an early growth stage and flue-cured tobacco with unnatural elimination of jaundice, too thick upper tobacco leaves and too great nitrogen content in tobacco leaves, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, avoids resource waste and environmental pollution caused by concentrated fertilization, enhances appearance and inherent quality of the tobacco leaf, increases the proportion of first-class tobacco and has obvious economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of base manure fertilizing method of tobacco planting, especially the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D; Belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, find that tobacco growth growing way in early stage is weak, but enter the prosperous long later stage, occur black sudden and violent, upper blade is blocked up, blade face nitrogen content is too high phenomenon, relevant with the position that base manure applies fertilizer through this phenomenon of investigation and analysis.At present, in flue-cured tobacco cultivation, the fertilizing method of base manure has central row replacement, nest is executed, bilateral row replacement, one-sided row replacement, bilateral row replacement is the main fertilizing method of current cured tobacco production, although bilateral fertilising is more satisfactory, but it is too concentrated to there is fertilizer, the problems such as Root Absorption nutrient is limited, reason is that cigarette strain root system in early stage is more thin and weak, root system can not fully contact with institute fertilise, Nutrient Absorption is not enough, it is long to cause going back the seedling time, cigarette strain growth is irregular, growing way is weak, the sturdy prosperity of later stage cigarette strain root system, can go directly fertilising seat, a large amount of absorption nutrient, cause supply excessive cause cruelly black, upper blade is blocked up, the phenomenon that blade face nitrogen content is too high, thus affect quality of tobacco, reduce first-class cigarette ratio.So improve tobacco plant nutrition condition, adjustment tobacco leaf degree structure, increasing income, will be the main contents of following work.
Summary of the invention
For solving above technical problem, the invention provides " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilizing method, can with the demand supply fertilizer of cigarette strain whole breeding time, black quick-fried cigarette, upper blade is blocked up, Leaf nitrogen content is too high phenomenon are fallen, improve tobacco leaf outward appearance and inherent quality, increase first-class cigarette ratio, increase economic efficiency.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is taked is:
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ridging: at tobacco transplant first 15 days-30 days, puddles composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate, organic manure, in the middle of being manured into soil uniformly, then fertilizer and soil is puddled, then ridging, make fertilizer be evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge;
(2) transplant: dig cave, water foot and transplant water, before under water does not ooze completely, cigarette seedling is inserted, to keep the tight combination of tobacco root system and soil, spray Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, herbicide spraying, complete transplanting;
(3) overlay film: covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will strain compacting;
(4) other field management measure is identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film; Undertaken by local tobacco grower custom of gathering after tobacco leaf maturation.
Further, described flue-cured tobacco cultivars is NC55, NC102.
Further, in step (1), fertilizing amount is: medium fertility vega mu sealing fertilizer 40-45 kilogram, potassium sulfate more than 10 kilograms, organic manure 30-40 kilogram.
Further, described composite fertilizer is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=10:10:20.
Further, described organic manure is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight: human and animal excreta 50%, wheat stalk 40%, garlic stalk 10%.
Further, the preparation method of described organic manure is:
Raw material is taken according to above-mentioned percentage by weight, then the human and animal excreta taken, wheat stalk, garlic stalk are mixed, join in fermentation vat, be fermentation material, add water and stir, material moisture after stirring is at 50%-60%, then EM bacterium liquid is sprayed, mixing, continuing fermentation 7-20 days,, every 3 days of period turned over once;
The addition of described EM bacterium liquid is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and described EM bacterium liquid is that EM bacterium adds 10-30 times of water dilution stirring and forms.
Further, described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15, mulberry leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 5, waste tobacco leaf 25, garlic 15.
Further, the preparation method of described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Take raw material according to above-mentioned weight portion, then raw material is placed in container, add 3 times of soak by water 1 hour, decoction liquor is filtered, obtain filtrate one, the dregs of a decoction stay in container, continue to add 2 times of soak by water 0.5 hour, filter, obtain filtrate two, merge twice filtrate, mixing, obtains Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
Further, described weed killer herbicide is commercial herbicide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, fertilizer is evenly distributed on ridge body, makes the tobacco root system after transplanting absorb nutrition in time.Meanwhile, avoid causing because local fertilizer concentration is excessive burning seedling phenomenon.
By the three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, formed three-dimensional, comprehensive to root system fertilizer, can with the demand supply fertilizer of cigarette strain whole breeding time, black sudden and violent, the problem such as blade is partially thick, Leaf nitrogen content is high avoiding concentrating fertilising to occur.
Due to " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilising, after transplanting, cigarette shoot root portion fully contacts with fertilizer, easily absorbs nutrient, and improve survival rate after cigarette transplantation of seedlings to land for growing field crops, its survival rate is higher than traditional method for transplanting by about 15%; " 3D is three-dimensional " applies fertilizer, and promote cigarette seedling root development, after transplanting, land for growing field crops early growth is fast, and open straw and hack relatively more abundant, growing way is neat, lays the foundation for later stage cigarette strain reaches full growth.
The flue-cured tobacco of the flue-cured tobacco first-class cigarette ratio conventional fertilizer application cultivation of " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilising cultivation improves 10-15%, adds tobacco grower's benefit.
The present invention adopts bio-organic fertilizer, reaches twice laid on the one hand, increase fertilizer efficiency on the other hand, and the garlic stalk in organic manure has the effect of pesticide-germicide.In addition, insecticide adopts Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, adds insecticidal effect on the one hand, greatly reduces using of chemical insecticide on the other hand, decreases the pollution to environment.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples, embodiment should not regard as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, comprises the following steps:
(1) ridging: transplant first 15 days-30 days, by composite fertilizer (N:P tobacco (flue-cured tobacco cultivars is NC55, NC102)
2o
5: K
2o=10:10:20), potassium sulfate, organic manure puddle, and in the middle of being manured into soil uniformly, then fertilizer and soil puddled, then ridging, make fertilizer be evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge; Fertilizing amount is: medium fertility vega mu sealing fertilizer 40-45 kilogram, potassium sulfate more than 10 kilograms, organic manure 30-40 kilogram.
Described organic manure is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight: human and animal excreta (cow dung, pig manure, night soil, sheep excrement 1:1:1:1) 50%, wheat stalk 40%, garlic stalk 10%.
Preparation method is:
Raw material is taken according to above-mentioned percentage by weight, then the human and animal excreta taken, wheat stalk, garlic stalk are mixed, join in fermentation vat, be fermentation material, add water and stir, material moisture after stirring is at 50%-60%, then EM bacterium liquid is sprayed, mixing, continuing fermentation 7-20 days,, every 3 days of period turned over once;
The addition of described EM bacterium liquid is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and described EM bacterium liquid is that EM bacterium adds 10-30 times of water dilution stirring and forms.
(2) transplant: dig cave, water foot and transplant water, before under water does not ooze completely, cigarette seedling is inserted, to keep the tight combination of tobacco root system and soil, spray Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material amount of spraying 5L/ mu; Herbicide spraying (commercial herbicide), optional Quizalotop-ethyl, weed killer herbicide sprays according to packing instructions, completes transplanting;
Described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15, mulberry leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 5, waste tobacco leaf 25, garlic 15.
The preparation method of described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Take raw material according to above-mentioned weight portion, then raw material is placed in container, add 3 times of soak by water 1 hour, decoction liquor is filtered, obtain filtrate one, the dregs of a decoction stay in container, continue to add 2 times of soak by water 0.5 hour, filter, obtain filtrate two, merge twice filtrate, mixing, obtains Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
(3) overlay film: covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will strain compacting;
(4) other field management measure is identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film; Undertaken by local tobacco grower custom of gathering after tobacco leaf maturation.
Method in above-described embodiment is used for the plantation of tobacco, and soil regime is medium fertility vega; Service condition is as follows:
Experimental group sets 3 groups, and control group sets 1 group.
For examination object: tobacco.
Experimental group: adopt the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D of the present invention;
Control group: according to cigarette cultivation management technology guidelines under film, applying fertilizer is 17-17-17 composite fertilizer.
Experimental result sees the following form 1.
Table 1. tobacco leaf contrast and experiment
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Contrast groups | |
| Survival rate (%) | 99.8 | 100 | 99.7 | 85.2 |
| Incidence of disease % | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 22.3 |
In upper table 1, the incidence of disease comprise the incidence of disease of virus disease and sick leaf and.
Table 2
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Contrast groups | |
| First-class cigarette ratio (%) | 75.2 | 75.3 | 75.5 | 60.2 |
| Inferior cigarette ratio (%) | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 8.2 |
| Output (kg/ mu) | 184.2 | 183.7 | 187.6 | 159.3 |
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, fertilizer is evenly distributed on ridge body, makes the tobacco root system after transplanting absorb nutrition in time.Meanwhile, avoid causing because local fertilizer concentration is excessive burning seedling phenomenon; Its survival rate is higher than traditional method for transplanting by about 15%.By the three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, formed three-dimensional, comprehensive to root system fertilizer, can with the demand supply fertilizer of cigarette strain whole breeding time, black sudden and violent, the problem such as blade is partially thick, Leaf nitrogen content is high avoiding concentrating fertilising to occur; The flue-cured tobacco of flue-cured tobacco first-class cigarette ratio conventional fertilizer application cultivation improves 10-15%, adds tobacco grower's benefit.
Specific as follows:
As can be seen from Table 2, fertilizing method disclosed by the invention is adopted can to significantly improve the output of tobacco leaf.Experimental group is compared with control group, and mu units increased in production is respectively 24.8kg, 24.4kg, 28.3kg, and average mu units increased in production is 25.8kg; Rate of growth is 15.6%, 15.3%, 17.8%, and average rate of growth is 16.2%, and according to per kilogram tobacco leaf average market price 20 yuan calculating, per mu yield gain is respectively 496 yuan, 488 yuan, 566 yuan, and average yield per mu gain is 517 yuan.
Observe the incidence of tobacco leaf damage by disease and insect, in control group tobacco leaf planting process, find that there is a large amount of damage by disease and insect phenomenon, carry out pesticide application, just do not caused large loss.Experimental group, almost without damage by disease and insect phenomenon, saves agricultural chemicals 0.07 hectare about 50 yuan.
Overall calculating, uses the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D of the present invention and carries out tobacco planting, and on average every mu of economic benefit increased is 567 yuan.
In addition, adopt the soil quality of fertilizing method disclosed by the invention to increase, the infiltration of soil, water conservation, venting capability strengthen.
The present invention adopts bio-organic fertilizer, reaches twice laid on the one hand, increase fertilizer efficiency on the other hand, and the garlic stalk in organic manure has the effect of pesticide-germicide.In addition, insecticide adopts Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, adds insecticidal effect on the one hand, greatly reduces using of chemical insecticide on the other hand, decreases the pollution to environment.
Claims (9)
1. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ridging: at tobacco transplant first 15 days-30 days, puddles composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate, organic manure, in the middle of being manured into soil uniformly, then fertilizer and soil is puddled, then ridging, make fertilizer be evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge;
(2) transplant: dig cave, water foot and transplant water, before under water does not ooze completely, cigarette seedling is inserted, to keep the tight combination of tobacco root system and soil, spray Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, herbicide spraying, complete transplanting;
(3) overlay film: covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will strain compacting;
(4) other field management measure is identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film; Undertaken by local tobacco grower custom of gathering after tobacco leaf maturation.
2. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described flue-cured tobacco cultivars is NC55, NC102.
3. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), fertilizing amount is: medium fertility vega mu sealing fertilizer 40-45 kilogram, potassium sulfate more than 10 kilograms, organic manure 30-40 kilogram.
4. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described composite fertilizer is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=10:10:20.
5. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 3, is characterized in that,
Described organic manure is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight: human and animal excreta 50%, wheat stalk 40%, garlic stalk 10%.
6. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described organic manure is:
Percentage by weight according to claim 5 takes raw material, then the human and animal excreta taken, wheat stalk, garlic stalk are mixed, join in fermentation vat, be fermentation material, add water and stir, material moisture after stirring is at 50%-60%, then EM bacterium liquid is sprayed, mixing, continuing fermentation 7-20 days,, every 3 days of period turned over once;
The addition of described EM bacterium liquid is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and described EM bacterium liquid is that EM bacterium adds 10-30 times of water dilution stirring and forms.
7. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15, mulberry leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 5, waste tobacco leaf 25, garlic 15.
8. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
The preparation method of described Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Weight portion according to claim 7 takes raw material, then raw material is placed in container, adds 3 times of soak by water 1 hour, and decoction liquor is filtered, obtain filtrate one, the dregs of a decoction stay in container, continue to add 2 times of soak by water 0.5 hour, filter, obtain filtrate two, merge twice filtrate, mixing, obtains Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
9. the three-dimensional fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described weed killer herbicide is commercial herbicide.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165384A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2015-12-23 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Simple and high-efficiency cultivation method for flue cured tobaccos in tobacco-rice rotation area |
| CN106281344A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2017-01-04 | 胡大苇 | A kind of soil-repairing agent for eliminating noxious bacteria |
| CN106305825A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-11 | 广西大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN108901737A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-30 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Water makes method well cellar method for transplanting and its dedicated well cellar maker |
| CN110121961A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 重庆源港新能源有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional soil restoring device of novel efficient |
| CN112314141A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-05 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Fertilizing method for effectively reducing sulfur content of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN116267154A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-23 | 中国烟草总公司贵州省公司 | Mountain flue-cured tobacco fertilization optimization method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105165384A (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2015-12-23 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Simple and high-efficiency cultivation method for flue cured tobaccos in tobacco-rice rotation area |
| CN105165384B (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2018-04-13 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco |
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| CN106305825A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-11 | 广西大学 | Traditional Chinese medicine pesticide and preparation method thereof |
| CN108901737A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-30 | 山东临沂烟草有限公司 | Water makes method well cellar method for transplanting and its dedicated well cellar maker |
| CN110121961A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 重庆源港新能源有限公司 | A kind of three-dimensional soil restoring device of novel efficient |
| CN112314141A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-05 | 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Fertilizing method for effectively reducing sulfur content of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN116267154A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-23 | 中国烟草总公司贵州省公司 | Mountain flue-cured tobacco fertilization optimization method |
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