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. 2005 Jul;11(7):1042-7.
doi: 10.3201/eid1107.041350.

Nipah virus in Lyle's flying foxes, Cambodia

Jean-Marc Reynes  1 , Dorian Counor, Sivuth Ong, Caroline Faure, Vansay Seng, Sophie Molia, Joe Walston, Marie Claude Georges-Courbot, Vincent Deubel, Jean-Louis Sarthou
Affiliations

Nipah virus in Lyle's flying foxes, Cambodia

Jean-Marc Reynes et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jul.

Abstract

We conducted a survey in Cambodia in 2000 on henipavirus infection among several bat species, including flying foxes, and persons exposed to these animals. Among 1,072 bat serum samples tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies reactive to Nipah virus (NiV) antigen were detected only in Pteropus lylei species; Cynopterus sphinx, Hipposideros larvatus, Scotophilus kuhlii, Chaerephon plicata, Taphozous melanopogon, and T. theobaldi species were negative. Seroneutralization applied on a subset of 156 serum samples confirmed these results. None of the 8 human serum samples was NiV seropositive with the seroneutralization test. One virus isolate exhibiting cytopathic effect with syncytia was obtained from 769 urine samples collected at roosts of P. lylei specimens. Partial molecular characterization of this isolate demonstrated that it was closely related to NiV. These results strengthen the hypothesis that flying foxes could be the natural host of NiV. Surveillance of human cases should be implemented.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bat urine sampling site. Cambodia, June 2003–July 2004.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phylogenetic analysis of the 1,599 nucleotides of the N gene coding domain sequence from the Nipah virus Cambodian isolate, members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and 2 species of the subfamily Pneumovirinae used as outgroups. GenBank accessions numbers used are as follows: APMV-6: Avian paramyxovirus 6, AY029299; CDV: Canine distemper virus, AF014953; DMV, Dolphin distemper virus, X75961; HeV: Hendra virus, AF017149; HPIV-1: Human parainfluenza virus 1, D011070; HPIV-2: Human parainfluenza virus 2, M55320; HPIV-3: Human parainfluenza virus 3, D10025; HPIV4a: Parainfluenza virus type 4A, M32982; HPIV4b: Parainfluenza virus type 4B, M32983; HRSV: Human respiratory syncytial virus, X00001; MeV: Measles virus, K01711; MPRV: Mapuera virus, X85128; Menangle: Menangle virus, AF326114; Mossman: Mossman virus, AY286409; MuV: Mumps virus, D86172; NDV: Newcastle disease virus, AF064091; NiV: Nipah virus, AF212302; PDV: Phocid distemper virus, X75717; PPRV, Peste des Petits ruminants virus, X74443; RPV: Rinder pest virus, X68311; Salem: Salem virus, AF237881; SeV: Sendai virus, X00087; SV5: Simian virus 5, M81442; TiV: Tioman virus, AF298895; TPMV: Tupaia paramyxovirus, AF079780; TRTV: Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus, AY640317. Significant bootstrap values (≥70%) are indicated. The phylogram was generated by parsimony method and analyzing 100 bootstrap replicates.
Figure A1
Figure A1
Comparison of the N proteins of Nipah virus (NiV) strains from Malaysia and Cambodia. The alignment shows the predicted amino acid sequence of the N protein of the Malaysian human strain (GenBank accession no. AF212302) and indicates positions that differ in the N proteins. Numbers correspond to amino acid positions in the NiV N protein; stars marks lengths of 10 amino acids; dots indicate identical amino acids.
Figure A2
Figure A2
Comparison of the G proteins of Nipah virus (NiV) strains from Malaysia and Cambodia. The alignment shows the predicted amino acid sequence of the G protein of the Malaysian human strain (GenBank accession no. AF212302) and indicates positions that differ in the N proteins. Numbers correspond to amino acid positions in the NiV N protein; stars marks lengths of 10 amino acids; dots indicate identical amino acids.
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