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. 2019 Sep 19:13:1001.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01001. eCollection 2019.

Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation

Hugo F Posada-Quintero  1 , Natasa Reljin  1 , Jeffrey B Bolkhovsky  1 , Alvaro D Orjuela-Cañón  2 , Ki H Chon  1
Affiliations

Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation

Hugo F Posada-Quintero et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

We studied the correlation between oscillatory brain activity and performance in healthy subjects performing the error awareness task (EAT) every 2 h, for 24 h. In the EAT, subjects were shown on a screen the names of colors and were asked to press a key if the name of the color and the color it was shown in matched, and the screen was not a duplicate of the one before ("Go" trials). In the event of a duplicate screen ("Repeat No-Go" trial) or a color mismatch ("Stroop No-Go" trial), the subjects were asked to withhold from pressing the key. We assessed subjects' (N = 10) response inhibition by measuring accuracy of the "Stroop No-Go" (SNGacc) and "Repeat No-Go" trials (RNGacc). We assessed their reactivity by measuring reaction time in the "Go" trials (GRT). Simultaneously, nine electroencephalographic (EEG) channels were recorded (Fp2, F7, F8, O1, Oz, Pz, O2, T7, and T8). The correlation between reactivity and response inhibition measures to brain activity was tested using quantitative measures of brain activity based on the relative power of gamma, beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves. In general, response inhibition and reactivity reached a steady level between 6 and 16 h of sleep deprivation, which was followed by sustained impairment after 18 h. Channels F7 and Fp2 had the highest correlation to the indices of performance. Measures of response inhibition (RNGacc and SNGacc) were correlated to the alpha and theta waves' power for most of the channels, especially in the F7 channel (r = 0.82 and 0.84, respectively). The reactivity (GRT) exhibited the highest correlation to the power of gamma waves in channel Fp2 (0.76). We conclude that quantitative measures of EEG provide information that can help us to better understand changes in subjects' performance and could be used as an indicator to prevent the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation.

Keywords: electroencephalography; error awareness test; performance; reactivity; response inhibition; sleep deprivation.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Location of EEG channels recorded. The circles represent the approximate location of the electrode for each channel.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The EAT required subjects to respond to a stream of color names by pressing a key, and to withhold their response based on “No-Go” trial rules.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Averaged scalp topographies of the gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta waves of the subjects performing the EAT for the 12 runs during the 24 h of testing.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Mean ± Standard Error of (A) RNGacc, (B) SNGacc, and (C) GRT measures and their most-correlated quantitative measure of EEG. Symbols denote significant difference: ∗ to run 1; ⊢ to runs 1, 2 and 7; ‡ to runs 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9; # to run 7; and † to runs 1 and 2.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Correlation of (A) RNGacc and power of theta wave of channel F7, (B) SNGacc and power of theta wave of channel F7, and (C) GRT and power of gamma wave of channel T8.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Increase in the absolute power of theta waves in all channels toward the end of the 24-h experiment.
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