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Review
. 2020 Oct 7:11:574736.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574736. eCollection 2020.

Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation: A Potential Strategy for Fungal Infection Control

Junzhu Chen  1 , Qiong Liu  1 , Lingbing Zeng  2 , Xiaotian Huang  1
Affiliations
Review

Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation: A Potential Strategy for Fungal Infection Control

Junzhu Chen et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Protein acetylation is a universal post-translational modification that fine-tunes the major cellular processes of many life forms. Although the mechanisms regulating protein acetylation have not been fully elucidated, this modification is finely tuned by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms. Protein deacetylation is the reverse process of acetylation and is mediated by deacetylases. Together, protein acetylation and deacetylation constitute a reversible regulatory protein acetylation network. The recent application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has led to accumulating evidence indicating that reversible protein acetylation may be related to fungal virulence because a substantial amount of virulence factors are acetylated. Additionally, the relationship between protein acetylation/deacetylation and fungal drug resistance has also been proven and the potential of deacetylase inhibitors as an anti-infective treatment has attracted attention. This review aimed to summarize the research progress in understanding fungal protein acetylation/deacetylation and discuss the mechanism of its mediation in fungal virulence, providing novel targets for the treatment of fungal infection.

Keywords: KDAC inhibitors; fungal infection; protein acetylation; protein deacetylation; virulence.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Lysine deacetylases (KDACs) regulate the white-to-opaque switch in C. albicans. Set3 only activates the white-to-opaque switch; Hda1, Sir2, and Hst3 inhibit the progress; and Rpd31 suppresses transitions in both directions. Green arrows indicate activation, while red lines indicate inhibitory functions. Reproduced with the kind permission from Frontiers in Microbiology (Garnaud et al., 2016) with adjusted color scheme.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Some important acetylation sites of histones. Protein acetylation on the nucleosomal histones is essential in the regulation of chromatin structure and expression of genes. Some histone acetylation sites that play an important role in fungi have been summarized. A few studies have reported the action sites of Esa1 and Hda1 on histones.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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