Single-Mode Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers With Coupled Cavities

doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.631870

Review

. 2021 Jan 15:8:631870.

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.631870. eCollection 2020.

Single-Mode Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers With Coupled Cavities

Salman Ullah^{1

2}, Sijie Pian¹, Fang Dai³, Yilun Wang⁴, Yaoguang Ma¹, Qing Yang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
² Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
³ East China Institute of Optoelectronic Integrated Device, Suzhou, China.
⁴ Institute of Navigation and Control Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing, China.

PMID: 33520944
PMCID: PMC7843456
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.631870

Review

Single-Mode Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers With Coupled Cavities

Salman Ullah et al. Front Chem. 2021.

. 2021 Jan 15:8:631870.

doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.631870. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Salman Ullah^{1

2}, Sijie Pian¹, Fang Dai³, Yilun Wang⁴, Yaoguang Ma¹, Qing Yang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
² Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
³ East China Institute of Optoelectronic Integrated Device, Suzhou, China.
⁴ Institute of Navigation and Control Technology, China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing, China.

PMID: 33520944
PMCID: PMC7843456
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.631870

Abstract

Semiconductor nanowires are one of the most fascinating topics over the past few decades. As miniaturized coherent light sources, semiconductor nanowires have been attracting tremendous attention in recent years for scientific and technological interest as potential ultra-compact, low cost, high efficiency, and low power consumption. Among different types of lasers, one-dimensional nanowires are of great interest as a promising material for next-generation nanophotonics and nanoelectronics applications due to their unique optical and electrical properties. Semiconductor nanowire lasers with single-mode output are vital in a variety of practical applications ranging from signal processing, spectroscopy, displays, optical sensing, on-chip communications, and biological studies. This article reviews the basic technology and research progress of single-mode semiconductor nanowire lasers. Afterward, the key methods and development of the different types of coupling to achieved single-mode laser output are elaborated. Finally, the challenges faced by each scheme are summarized.

Keywords: coupled cavity; mode selection; nanowire laser; semiconductor nanowire laser; single-mode.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Vernier effect and schematics of typical coupled cavities nanowire lasers. **(A)** Schematic of Vernier effect; **(B)** single nanowire coupled-cavity with a loop mirror end; **(C)** X-shape cavity composed by two nanowires in contact; **(D)** cleaved coupled nanowire cavity **(E)** FP-WGM coupled nanowire cavity.

**Figure 2**
Different types of nanowire laser coupling schemes and their corresponding lasing spectra **(A)** SEM image and corresponding output spectra of the laser without a loop, with a single loop and with double loops (Xiao et al., 2011a) **(B)** lasing spectrum of cleaved-coupled nanowire laser and its spectral characteristics (Gao et al., 2013) **(C)** Lasing emission spectra of the coupled nanowire-pair and corresponding separated individual nanowires (Xu et al., 2012) **(D)** lasing spectra of single CdS nanowire laser and FP-WGM hybrid cavity coupling and their lasing spectrum.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Bao Q., Li W., Xu P., Zhang M., Dai D., Wang P., et al. . (2020). On-chip single-mode CdS nanowire laser. Light Sci. Appl. 9:42. 10.1038/s41377-020-0277-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Binet F., Duboz J. Y., Laurent N., Bonnat C., Collot P., Hanauer F., et al. (1998). Realization and optical characterization of etched mirror facets in GaN cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 960–962. 10.1063/1.120934 - DOI
1. Ditcovski R., Ellenbogen T. (2017). Spectral shaping of lasing in vertically aligned coupled nanowire lasers. Opt. Express. 25, 30115–30123. 10.1364/OE.25.030115 - DOI - PubMed
1. Eaton S. W., Fu A., Wong A. B., Ning C.-Z., Yang P. (2016). Semiconductor nanowire lasers. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1:16028 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.28 - DOI
1. Fan W., Gan J., Zhang Z., Wei X., Xu S., Yang Z. (2012). Narrow linewidth single frequency microfiber laser. Opt. Lett. 37, 4323–4325. 10.1364/OL.37.004323 - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Bao Q., Li W., Xu P., Zhang M., Dai D., Wang P., et al. . (2020). On-chip single-mode CdS nanowire laser. Light Sci. Appl. 9:42. 10.1038/s41377-020-0277-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Bao Q., Li W., Xu P., Zhang M., Dai D., Wang P., et al. . (2020). On-chip single-mode CdS nanowire laser. Light Sci. Appl. 9:42. 10.1038/s41377-020-0277-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Binet F., Duboz J. Y., Laurent N., Bonnat C., Collot P., Hanauer F., et al. (1998). Realization and optical characterization of etched mirror facets in GaN cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 960–962. 10.1063/1.120934 - DOI

[4] Binet F., Duboz J. Y., Laurent N., Bonnat C., Collot P., Hanauer F., et al. (1998). Realization and optical characterization of etched mirror facets in GaN cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 960–962. 10.1063/1.120934 - DOI

[5] Ditcovski R., Ellenbogen T. (2017). Spectral shaping of lasing in vertically aligned coupled nanowire lasers. Opt. Express. 25, 30115–30123. 10.1364/OE.25.030115 - DOI - PubMed

[6] Ditcovski R., Ellenbogen T. (2017). Spectral shaping of lasing in vertically aligned coupled nanowire lasers. Opt. Express. 25, 30115–30123. 10.1364/OE.25.030115 - DOI - PubMed

[7] Eaton S. W., Fu A., Wong A. B., Ning C.-Z., Yang P. (2016). Semiconductor nanowire lasers. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1:16028 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.28 - DOI

[8] Eaton S. W., Fu A., Wong A. B., Ning C.-Z., Yang P. (2016). Semiconductor nanowire lasers. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1:16028 10.1038/natrevmats.2016.28 - DOI

[9] Fan W., Gan J., Zhang Z., Wei X., Xu S., Yang Z. (2012). Narrow linewidth single frequency microfiber laser. Opt. Lett. 37, 4323–4325. 10.1364/OL.37.004323 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Fan W., Gan J., Zhang Z., Wei X., Xu S., Yang Z. (2012). Narrow linewidth single frequency microfiber laser. Opt. Lett. 37, 4323–4325. 10.1364/OL.37.004323 - DOI - PubMed

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Single-Mode Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers With Coupled Cavities

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Single-Mode Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers With Coupled Cavities

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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