Guidance on Water Supply and Sanitation in Extreme Weather Events
Extreme weather events including floods and droughts are increasing in frequency and intensity. They affect the operation of water-supply drainage and sewerage infrastructure and the functioning of wastewater treatment plants thereby affecting the protection of public health. Parties to the Protocol on Water and Health reviewed experience and good practice in Europe through a broad consultative process to devise the present guidance. This publication describes how adaptation policies should consider the new risks from extreme weather events how vulnerabilities can be identified and which manag
1 online resource (128 pages)
9789289002592, 928900259X
870244396
FOREWORD; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; TABLES, FIGURES, CASE STUDIESand PICTURES; ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS; GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; 1 EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS ANDWATER SUPPLY AND SANITATIONIN THE EUROPEAN REGION; 1.1 KEY MESSAGES; 1.2 INTRODUCTION; 1.3 EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS:FACTS AND TRENDS; 1.4 EXTREMES ARE NOT ONLY DEFINEDBY DIRECT DAMAGE; 1.5 EXTREMES AND WATER SUPPLYSANITATION: OLD PROBLEMS, NEW RISKS AND CHALLENGES; 1.6 CONCLUSIONS; 2 BASIC DISASTER PREPAREDNESSAND EARLY WARNING; 2.1 KEY MESSAGES; 2.2 INTRODUCTION. 2.3 information needs: from riskassessment to risk reduction2.4 tools for disaster preparednessplanning; 2.5 role of the health systemin disaster preparednessand early warning; 2.6 conclusion; 3 communication inextreme weather events; 3.1 key messages; 3.2 introduction: importance ofa communication strategy; 3.3 communication activities; 3.4 partnership in communication; 3.5 monitoring and evaluationof the outcomes; 3.6 conclusions; 4 vulnerability of coastalareas and bathing watersin extreme weather events; 4.1 key messages; 4.2 vulnerability ofinland bathing waters. 4.3 saline water intrusionin aquifers used forthe production ofdrinking water4.4 consequences of extremeweather events forbathing-water quality; 4.5 water quality changes causedby extreme weather; 4.6 elements of mitigationmeasures for bathing waters; 5 impacts of climate changeand extreme events onwaterborne diseasesand human health; 5.1 key messages; 5.2 lower rainfall and drought; 5.3 heat waves; 5.4 higher water temperatures; 5.5 cold spells; 5.6 higher rainfall, moreintense rainfall and floods; 5.7 changes in ecosystems; 5.8 changes in seasonality; 5.9 changes in human behaviour. 5.10 slr5.11 climate change anddiarrhoeal diseases; 5.12 some specific examples ofclimate change andwaterborne diseases; 6 water safety plans: an approach tomanaging risks associated withextreme weather events; 6.1 key messages; 6.2 elements of a wsp; 6.3 the special case of small-scalewater supply systems; 6.4 water safety and bulktransport of water inextreme weather conditions; 6.5 general wsp checklist; 7 adaptation measures forwater supply utilitiesin extreme weather events; 7.1 key messages; 7.2 vulnerability of the water cycleto extreme weather events. 7.3 ADAPTATION MEASURES FORDROUGHT EVENTS7.4 ADAPTATION MEASURESFOR FLOOD EVENTS; 7.5 REGAINING DRINKING-WATERSUPPLY SYSTEMS; 7.6 EMERGENCY PLANNING ANDINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY ISSUES; 7.7 SUMMARY; 8 ADAPTATION MEASURESFOR DRAINAGE, SEWERAGEAND WASTEWATER TREATMENT; 8.1 KEY MESSAGES; 8.2 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ONDRAINAGE SYSTEMS, SEWER SYSTEMS AND WWTPs; 8.3 ADAPTATION MEASURES TO URBANWWTPs BEFORE ANDDURING DROUGHTS; 8.4 ADAPTATION MEASURES BEFOREAND DURING FLOODS; 8.5 RESTORATION OF THE SEWERAGESYSTEM AND UWWTP; 8.6 SPECIFIC ISSUES OF INDUSTRIAL WWTPs; 8.7 SUMMARY; 8.8 CHECKLIST; REFERENCES