…ypeVar and TypeVarTuple parameters (alt) (GH-93412)

For example:

  A[T, *Ts][*tuple[int, ...]] -> A[int, *tuple[int, ...]]
  A[*Ts, T][*tuple[int, ...]] -> A[*tuple[int, ...], int]

Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>

…H-92931)

…in `test_zipimport.py` (GH-93236)

Documentation for `pathlib` says:

> Spurious slashes and single dots are collapsed, but double dots ('..') are not, since this would change the meaning of a path in the face of symbolic links:

However, it omits that initial double slashes also aren't collapsed.

Later, in documentation of `PurePath.drive`, `PurePath.root`, and `PurePath.name` it mentions UNC but:

- this abbreviation says nothing to a person who is unaware about existence of UNC (Wikipedia doesn't help either by [giving a disambiguation page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNC))
- it shows up only if a person needs to use a specific property or decides to fully learn what the module provides.

For context, see the BPO entry.

…ths (GH-93653)

…ce the size of the exception table (GH-93622)

…tterns in match statements (GH-93680)

Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>

…e where this was problematic (GH-93471)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

…awn (#30617)

Co-authored-by: XD Trol <milestonejxd@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>

This checks the bases of of a type created using the FromSpec
API to inherit the bases metaclasses.  The metaclass's alloc
function will be called as is done in `tp_new` for classes
created in Python.

Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend Egeberg Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy() now always raise a TypeError if
__reduce__() returns a tuple with length 6 instead of silently ignore
the 6th item or produce incorrect result.

* gh-93575: Use correct way to calculate PyUnicode struct sizes

* Add comment to keep test_sys and test_unicode in sync

* Fix case code < 256

All install targets use the "all" target as synchronization point to
prevent race conditions with PGO builds. PGO builds use recursive make,
which can lead to two parallel `./python setup.py build` processes that
step on each others toes.

"test" targets now correctly compile PGO build in a clean repo.

…n bases (GH-93535)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

…ces to tasks are needed (GH-93258)

Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>

Co-authored-by: Sean Fleming
Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>

GH-93269)

Also, provide getHandlerByName() and getHandlerNames() APIs.

Closes #93162.

GH-93463)

Note: This change is not effective on Microsoft Windows.

Cookies can store sensitive information and should therefore be protected
against unauthorized third parties. This is also described in issue #79096.

The filesystem permissions are currently set to 644, everyone can read the
file. This commit changes the permissions to 600, only the creater of the file
can read and modify it. This improves security, because it reduces the attack
surface. Now the attacker needs control of the user that created the cookie or
a ways to circumvent the filesystems permissions.

This change is backwards incompatible. Systems that rely on world-readable
cookies will breake. However, one could argue that those are misconfigured in
the first place.

… for case-folding (GH-32010)

WASI does not have the ``chmod(2)`` syscall yet.

Character ranges with upper bound less that lower bound (e.g. [c-a])
are now interpreted as empty ranges, for compatibility with other glob
pattern implementations. Previously it was re.error.

Add C++ overloads for _Py_CAST_impl() to handle 0/NULL.  This will allow
C++ extensions that pass 0 or NULL to macros using _Py_CAST() to
continue to compile.  Without this, you get an error like:

    invalid ‘static_cast’ from type ‘int’ to type ‘_object*’

The modern way to use a NULL value in C++ is to use nullptr.  However,
we want to not break extensions that do things the old way.

Co-authored-by: serge-sans-paille

….py` (#93237)