… in the command line (GH-28823)" (#94745)

Fixes the failure of PGO building with `mimalloc` on Windows, ensuring that `test_bpo20891` does not break profiling data (`python31*.pgc`).

…cified by PEP 626 (GH-94552)

Co-authored-by: Mark Shannon <mark@hotpy.org>

* Adds FOR_ITER_LIST and FOR_ITER_RANGE specializations.

* Adds _PyLong_AssignValue() internal function to avoid temporary boxing of ints.

… calculation (GH-93641)

Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Dennis Sweeney <36520290+sweeneyde@users.noreply.github.com>

Add the -P command line option and the PYTHONSAFEPATH environment
variable to not prepend a potentially unsafe path to sys.path.

* Add sys.flags.safe_path flag.
* Add PyConfig.safe_path member.
* Programs/_bootstrap_python.c uses config.safe_path=0.
* Update subprocess._optim_args_from_interpreter_flags() to handle
  the -P command line option.
* Modules/getpath.py sets safe_path to 1 if a "._pth" file is
  present.

Use FLAG_REF always for interned strings.

Refcounts of interned string is very unstable.
When compiling same source, refcounts of interned string in the output may be 1 or >1.
It makes FLAG_REF usage unstable.

To help reproducible build, use FLAG_REF for interned string even if refcnt(obj)==1.

…ts. (GH-91666)

* Stores all location info in linetable to conform to PEP 626.

* Remove column table from code objects.

* Remove end-line table from code objects.

* Document new location table format

…WARD (GH-32115)

)

…GH-31549)

* Move handling of bound-methods to PRECALL.

* Remove call_shape.postcall_shrink

* Remove call_shape.callable

* Remove call_shape.callable. Change CALL oparg to match PRECALL oparg.

* Move KW_NAMES before PRECALL.

* Update opcode docs in dis.rst

* Change calling sequence: Add PUSH_NULL. Merge PRECALL_FUNCTION and PRECALL_METHOD into PRECALL.

…alized global objects. (gh-30928)

We're no longer using _Py_IDENTIFIER() (or _Py_static_string()) in any core CPython code.  It is still used in a number of non-builtin stdlib modules.

The replacement is: PyUnicodeObject (not pointer) fields under _PyRuntimeState, statically initialized as part of _PyRuntime.  A new _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() macro facilitates lookup of the fields (along with _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() for non-identifier strings).

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541#msg411799 explains the rationale for this change.

The core of the change is in:

* (new) Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h - the declarations for the global strings, along with the macros
* Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h - added the static initializers for the global strings
* Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h - where the struct in pycore_global_strings.h is hooked into _PyRuntimeState
* Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py - added generation of the global string declarations and static initializers

I've also added a --check flag to generate_global_objects.py (along with make check-global-objects) to check for unused global strings.  That check is added to the PR CI config.

The remainder of this change updates the core code to use _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() instead of _Py_IDENTIFIER() and the related _Py*Id functions (likewise for _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() instead of _Py_static_string()).  This includes adding a few functions where there wasn't already an alternative to _Py*Id(), replacing the _Py_Identifier * parameter with PyObject *.

The following are not changed (yet):

* stop using _Py_IDENTIFIER() in the stdlib modules
* (maybe) get rid of _Py_IDENTIFIER(), etc. entirely -- this may not be doable as at least one package on PyPI using this (private) API
* (maybe) intern the strings during runtime init

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541

* Add PRECALL_FUNCTION opcode.

* Move 'call shape' varaibles into struct.

* Replace CALL_NO_KW and CALL_KW with KW_NAMES and CALL instructions.

* Specialize for builtin methods taking using the METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS protocol.

* Allow kwnames for specialized calls to builtin types.

* Specialize calls to tuple(arg) and str(arg).

…H-30853)

Add _Py_Deepfreeze_Fini() and _PyStaticCode_Dealloc() functions.

* _testembed_Py_Initialize() now uses the PyConfig API, rather than
  deprecated Py_SetProgramName().
* Reduce INIT_LOOPS from 16 to 4: test_embed now takes 8.7 seconds
  rather than 14.7 seconds.

Add _PyStructSequence_FiniType() and _PyStaticType_Dealloc()
functions to finalize a structseq static type in Py_Finalize().
Currrently, these functions do nothing if Python is built in release
mode.

Clear static types:

* AsyncGenHooksType: sys.set_asyncgen_hooks()
* FlagsType: sys.flags
* FloatInfoType: sys.float_info
* Hash_InfoType: sys.hash_info
* Int_InfoType: sys.int_info
* ThreadInfoType: sys.thread_info
* UnraisableHookArgsType: sys.unraisablehook
* VersionInfoType: sys.version
* WindowsVersionType: sys.getwindowsversion()

…0484)

Move almost all private functions of Include/cpython/fileutils.h to
the internal C API Include/internal/pycore_fileutils.h.

Only keep _Py_fopen_obj() in Include/cpython/fileutils.h, since it's
used by _testcapi which must not use the internal C API.

Move EncodeLocaleEx() and DecodeLocaleEx() functions from _testcapi
to _testinternalcapi, since the C API moved to the internal C API.

* Add a RESUME instruction to handle "call" events.

* Add 3 new opcodes for calls: PRECALL_METHOD, CALL_NO_KW, CALL_KW.

* Update specialization to handle new CALL opcodes.

* Specialize call to method descriptors.

* Remove old CALL opcodes: CALL_FUNCTION, CALL_METHOD, CALL_METHOD_KW, CALL_FUNCTION_KW.

The build system now uses a :program:`_bootstrap_python` interpreter for
freezing and deepfreezing again. To speed up build process the build tools
:program:`_bootstrap_python` and :program:`_freeze_module` are no longer
build with LTO.

Cross building depends on a build Python interpreter, which must have same
version and bytecode as target host Python.

…9886)

Rename PyConfig.no_debug_ranges to PyConfig.code_debug_ranges and
invert the value.

Document -X no_debug_ranges and PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES env var in
PyConfig.code_debug_ranges documentation.

…estembed.c` (GH-29341)

Co-authored-by: Ken Jin <28750310+Fidget-Spinner@users.noreply.github.com>

…ts. (gh-28778)

Currently custom modules (the array set on PyImport_FrozenModules) replace all the frozen stdlib modules. That can be problematic and is unlikely to be what the user wants. This change treats the custom frozen modules as additions instead. They take precedence over all other frozen modules except for those needed to bootstrap the import system. If the "code" field of an entry in the custom array is NULL then that frozen module is treated as disabled, which allows a custom entry to disable a frozen stdlib module.

This change allows us to get rid of is_essential_frozen_module() and simplifies the logic for which frozen modules should be ignored.

https://bugs.python.org/issue45395