Name already in use

* maths/sum_of_digits.py: Streamline benchmarks

```
sum_of_digits(262144): 19 -- 0.3128329170285724 seconds
sum_of_digits_recursion(262144): 19 -- 0.34008108399575576 seconds
sum_of_digits_compact(262144): 19 -- 0.6086010000435635 seconds

sum_of_digits(1125899906842624): 76 -- 0.8079068749793805 seconds
sum_of_digits_recursion(1125899906842624): 76 -- 0.8435653329943307 seconds
sum_of_digits_compact(1125899906842624): 76 -- 1.247976207989268 seconds

sum_of_digits(1267650600228229401496703205376): 115 -- 1.6441589999594726 seconds
sum_of_digits_recursion(1267650600228229401496703205376): 115 -- 1.713684624992311 seconds
sum_of_digits_compact(1267650600228229401496703205376): 115 -- 2.2197747920290567 seconds
```

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Update sum_of_digits.py

* Update sum_of_digits.py

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>

* refactor(abs): Condense `abs_min` and `abs_max`

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added Torus volume algorithm

* Updated Torus volume for simplicity (removed ref to vol_sphere())

* Refactoring

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added Torus surface area

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Fixed error in test

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] pre-commit autoupdate

updates:
- [github.com/asottile/pyupgrade: v3.1.0 → v3.2.0](asottile/pyupgrade@v3.1.0...v3.2.0)

* updating DIRECTORY.md

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>

* create quantum_fourier_transform

This is part of the #Hacktoberfest.
I build the quantum fourier transform for N qubits. (n = 3 in the example)
Best,
Kevin

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update q_fourier_transform.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Add the doctest!

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update q_fourier_transform.py

* Pass first then fail

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Hexagonal number sequence 

A hexagonal number sequence is a sequence of figurate numbers where the nth hexagonal number hₙ is the number of distinct dots in a pattern of dots consisting of the outlines of regular hexagons with sides up to n dots, when the hexagons are overlaid so that they share one vertex.

This program returns the hexagonal number sequence of n length.

* Update hexagonalnumbers.py

* Update hexagonalnumbers.py

* Update hexagonalnumbers.py

* Update hexagonalnumbers.py

* Update and rename hexagonalnumbers.py to hexagonal_numbers.py

* Length must be a positive integer

* Create dodecahedron.py

* Update dodecahedron.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update dodecahedron.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update dodecahedron.py

* Update dodecahedron.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update dodecahedron.py

* Update dodecahedron.py

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Paul <56065602+ZeroDayOwl@users.noreply.github.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Update dodecahedron.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Paul <56065602+ZeroDayOwl@users.noreply.github.com>

* Create convert_number_to_words.py

A Python Program to convert numerical digits to English words. An Application of this can be in a Payment Application for confirmation

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added pascals_triangle.py program to maths directory

* Deleted 'pascals_triangle.py' because of duplication. Added a optimized function to generate pascal's triangle to 'pascal_triangle.py' program. Added some aadditional doctests to the existing function. Added some type check functionality to the existing function.

* Modified type check hints in 'generate_pascal_triangle_optimized' function'

q

* Modified 'pascal_triangle' prgram

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update pascal_triangle.py

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Test on Python 3.11 release candidate 2

* tensorflow; python<3.11

* tensorflow; python_version < 3.11

* tensorflow; python_version < "3.11"

* sympy, tensorflow; python_version < "3.11"

* sklearn; python_version < "3.11"

* matplotlib, pandas, qiskit

* statsmodels; python_version < "3.11"

* Bring back Pandas

* Problem deps are qiskit, statsmodels, and tensorflow

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* python-version: 3.11-dev --> 3.11

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Add pytest --ignore to pyproject.toml

* Update build.yml

* Update pyproject.toml

* Update pyproject.toml

* Python 3.11

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>

* added radix tree to data structures

* added doctests

* solved flake8

* added type hints

* added description for delete function

* Update data_structures/trie/radix_tree.py

* Update radix_tree.py

* Update radix_tree.py

* Update radix_tree.py

Co-authored-by: Alex de la Cruz <alex@Alexs-MacBook-Air.local>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Adding inductive reactance calculation

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* from math import pi

* 0007957747154594767

* 36420441699332

* 2199114857512855

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Refactor bottom-up function to be class method

* Add type hints

* Update convolve function namespace

* Remove depreciated np.float

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Renamed function for consistency

* updating DIRECTORY.md

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Chris O <46587501+ChrisO345@users.noreply.github.com>

* Add print_multiplication_table.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Added return type description

* Update print_multiplication_table.py

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Create resistor_equivalence.py

* Update resistor_equivalence.py

* Update electronics/resistor_equivalence.py

removed an unnecessary space

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update resistor_equivalence.py

fixed the snake_case requirement

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update resistor_equivalence.py

finalize the naming convention errors (hopefully)

* Update resistor_equivalence.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Added algorithm for finding index of rightmost set bit

* applied suggested changes

* applied suggested changes

* Fixed failing Testcases

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

…ing (#7222)

* Added code for palindrome partitioning problem under dynamic programming

* Updated return type for function

* Updated Line 24 according to suggestions

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update palindrome_partitioning.py

* Update palindrome_partitioning.py

* is_palindromic

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Added a Pascal triangle implementation to the other folder

* Added Pascal triangle implementation to the other folder.

* Added Pascal triangle implementation to the other folder.

* Added Pascal triangle implementation to the other folder.

* Implemented a Pascal triangle generator.

* Reversed Changes to DIRECTORY.md

* Reversed changed to .md files

* Update other/pascal_triangle.py

Removed personal info

Co-authored-by: Paul <56065602+ZeroDayOwl@users.noreply.github.com>

* Update pascal_triangle.py

Expanded the description of the algorithm

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Printed output in triangular form

* Update CONTRIBUTING.md

Co-authored-by: Paul <56065602+ZeroDayOwl@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

…#7171)

* add Levinstein distance with Dynamic Programming: up -> down approach

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* add type hint

* fix flake8

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update dynamic_programming/min_distance_up_bottom.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update min_distance_up_bottom.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Addition_without_arithmetic

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* added_param

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* added_param_in_first_sec

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* change_align

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update Addition_without_arithmetic.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Rename Addition_without_arithmetic.py to addition_without_arithmetic.py

* Update addition_without_arithmetic.py

* Update addition_without_arithmetic.py

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Added mean absolute error in linear regression

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Code feedback changes

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Update linear_regression.py

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Added Builtin Voltage

* Update builtin_voltage.py

* Update electronics/builtin_voltage.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update electronics/builtin_voltage.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Create elf.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Adding a Quine in Python.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

n = -n if n < 0 else n --> n = abs(n)
n = n // 10 --> n //= 10

* Added archimedes principle (physics)

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* reformated

* reformatted archimedes principles

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* implement function to handle polynomial operations

* edit documentation

* fix type hint and linter errors

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* fix short variable name

* fix spelling

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Added Readme file to document the hashing algorithm.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* Adding ELFHash Algorithm

Adding a new Hash Algorithm.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update elf.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update elf.py

* Update elf.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update elf.py

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Create sumset.py

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Add descriptive var names

* Update maths/sumset.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update sumset.py

* updating DIRECTORY.md

Co-authored-by: github-actions <${GITHUB_ACTOR}@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* For the better understanding of time taken.

In this change I have initialized a variable p with the value of (1e9+7) and then took the modulus of process time with it . This modification gives better time taken by the process . Firstly it was giving answer in the exponential now it gives in the integer form.

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* add rms speed of molecule to physics

* Update physics/rms_speed_of_molecule.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* add physics ideal gas law

* run pre commit

* Update physics/ideal_gas_law.py

Suggestion #1

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/ideal_gas_law.py

Suggestion #2

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* run pre commit

* Update volume return line sugesstion

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Add suggestions

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Caeden <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Description of DOuble hasing

* Fix sheebang

* Update double_hash.py

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Update double_hash.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>