Name already in use

This allows :keyword:`type` to link to docs for the new `type`
statement (being written in gh-104642) instead of to this header
in the argparse docs.

)

…GH-104579)

…s`` (#104606)

This adds a number of PRIO_DARWIN_* constants to the os module for use with os.setpriority.

---------

Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>

…asses of protocols (#104622)

Don't set special protocol attributes on non-protocol subclasses of protocols

Annotate the following:

- methods of class Class
- methods of class Module
- methods of class PythonParser
- function compute_checksum()
- function parse_file()
- global variable unsupported_special_methods

Just skip the tests that depend on the _testclinic extension module;
we can still run the Python tests.

…104626)

- Convert `unspecified` and `unknown` to be members of a `Sentinels` enum, rather than instances of bespoke classes.
  - An enum feels more idiomatic here, and works better with type checkers.
  - Convert some `==` and `!=` checks for these values to identity checks, which are more idiomatic with sentinels.
  - _Don't_ do the same for `Null`, as this needs to be a distinct type due to its usage in `clinic.py`.
- Use `object` as the annotation for `default` across `clinic.py`. `default` can be literally any object, so `object` is the correct annotation here.

---

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>

Remove 'in_classes' and 'so_far' from DSLParser.directive_module()

…H-104565)

Co-authored-by: Barney Gale <barney.gale@gmail.com>

…GH-104211)

Weaken contract of PyUnstable_InterpreterFrame_GetCode to return PyObject*.

Move eval-breaker to the front of the interpreter state.

…104528)

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>

…03628)

… stdin (#104586)

…isinstance()` influence whether `issubclass()` raises an exception (#104559)

Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>

)

Introduce TypeSet, and use it to annotate the 'accept' keyword of
various C converters. Also add some missing return annotations for
converter init functions.

Print both if they are different, as may happen in the future.

…al safety and no GIL requirement (#104518)

Move all of the Python C API calls into the parent process up front
instead of doing PyLong_AsLong and PyErr_Occurred and PyTuple_GET from
the post-fork/vfork child process.

Much of this was long overdue. We shouldn't have been using PyTuple and
PyLong APIs within all of these low level functions anyways.

…e in Modules. (#104508)

During the PEP 695 implementation at one point I made
TypeVar.__name__ return garbage, and all of test_typing passed.
So I decided to add a few more tests. In the process I discovered
a minor incompatibility from the C implementation of TypeVar:
empty constraints were returned as None instead of an empty tuple.

…ontexts (#104573)

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>

…102508)

`urllib.parse.urlsplit` has already been respecting the WHATWG spec a bit #25595.

This adds more sanitizing to respect the "Remove any leading C0 control or space from input" [rule](https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#url-parsing:~:text=Remove%20any%20leading%20and%20trailing%20C0%20control%20or%20space%20from%20input.) in response to [CVE-2023-24329](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24329).

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Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith [Google] <greg@krypto.org>

* gh-104469: Update README.txt for _testcapi

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Kirill Podoprigora <kirill.bast9@mail.ru>