Honestly, I'm not sure that this code makes the code easier to read or maintain. I don't get the "_PyLong_Negative_or_multi_digit_int" name. From what I read, I understand that the optimization only works if the number is positive or zero and has a single digit.

Maybe the function name should be the opposite, something like: _PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit().

The optimization would be disabled if !_PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit(number).

_PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit

I agree _PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit is a better name. The method is only used in three locations (in code that I guess will only be modified by expert core devs), so if this variation does not improve the code I am fine with closing the PR.

@gvanrossum @markshannon: What do you think of this change? Does it make the code more readable? The initial motivation was to put the (size_t) cast optimization in a function to give it a better name and make it less magic. The cast is used to implement "0 <= ndigits && ndigits <= 1" as a single test "(size_t)ndigits <= 1". See also #99761 for more context.

@vstinner Do you think this requires a news entry? If not, just add the skip news label and merge.

I added skip news since the change is purely internal.

Okay, @kumaraditya303 go ahead and merge.

@eendebakpt Thanks for the code!

⚠️⚠️⚠️ Buildbot failure ⚠️⚠️⚠️

Hi! The buildbot ARM Raspbian 3.x has failed when building commit 2b82c36.

What do you need to do:

1. Don't panic.
2. Check the buildbot page in the devguide if you don't know what the buildbots are or how they work.
3. Go to the page of the buildbot that failed (https://buildbot.python.org/all/#builders/424/builds/3163) and take a look at the build logs.
4. Check if the failure is related to this commit (2b82c36) or if it is a false positive.
5. If the failure is related to this commit, please, reflect that on the issue and make a new Pull Request with a fix.

You can take a look at the buildbot page here:

https://buildbot.python.org/all/#builders/424/builds/3163

Summary of the results of the build (if available):

== Tests result: ENV CHANGED ==

411 tests OK.

10 slowest tests:

• test_largefile: 6 min 32 sec
• test_venv: 5 min 13 sec
• test_multiprocessing_spawn: 4 min 34 sec
• test_dbm_gnu: 3 min 24 sec
• test_asyncio: 3 min 24 sec
• test_concurrent_futures: 3 min 23 sec
• test_tokenize: 2 min 4 sec
• test_multiprocessing_forkserver: 1 min 58 sec
• test_gdb: 1 min 47 sec
• test_multiprocessing_fork: 1 min 28 sec

1 test altered the execution environment:
test_asyncio

21 tests skipped:
test_check_c_globals test_devpoll test_idle test_ioctl test_kqueue
test_launcher test_msilib test_peg_generator test_perf_profiler
test_startfile test_tcl test_tix test_tkinter test_ttk
test_ttk_textonly test_turtle test_winconsoleio test_winreg
test_winsound test_wmi test_zipfile64

Total duration: 27 min 27 sec

remote: Enumerating objects: 8, done.        
remote: Counting objects:  12% (1/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  25% (2/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  37% (3/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  50% (4/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  62% (5/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  75% (6/8)        
remote: Counting objects:  87% (7/8)        
remote: Counting objects: 100% (8/8)        
remote: Counting objects: 100% (8/8), done.        
remote: Compressing objects:  33% (1/3)        
remote: Compressing objects:  66% (2/3)        
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3)        
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.        
remote: Total 8 (delta 5), reused 6 (delta 5), pack-reused 0        
From https://github.com/python/cpython
 * branch                  main       -> FETCH_HEAD
Note: switching to '2b82c36f17ada471e734c3ad93e6eff8b36a5ad9'.

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Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false

HEAD is now at 2b82c36f17 gh-99761: Add `_PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit` function to check for single digit integers  (#100064)
Switched to and reset branch 'main'

Objects/obmalloc.c:776:1: warning: ‘always_inline’ function might not be inlinable [-Wattributes]
  776 | arena_map_get(pymem_block *p, int create)
      | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~

make: *** [Makefile:1895: buildbottest] Error 3