Eighty-eight coins excavated at the foot of Tel 'Akko, from the Persian period to the Ottomans
Key takeaways
The Fatimid silver dirham (40) is the first of its kind to be found in 'Akko, and two of the Crusader coins (41, 43) are rare finds.
In all, the coins span most of the historical periods of 'Akko, with the notable exception of the Byzantine and Mamluk periods.
The earliest coins, those from the Persian and Hellenistic period, mark the last phase of occupation on the tell and the gradual transfer of 'Akko to the plain west of it.
Soil movement, cracks and rodents all play a part in shifting coins down, but also up through the strata.
The majority of the coins still fit the range of strata in the excavation, at least down to the Seleucid period.
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The coins found at the excavations of Amasya/Oluz Höyük, 2009–2013 . Oluz Höyük (Yassı Höyük - Tepetarla Höyüğü) is located on the western part of the city Amasya which is in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey. The mound lies on the fertile Geldingen plain, from the south of which an important tributary of the Yeşilırmak river (ancient Iris), the Çekerek (ancient Skylaks) passes. During the archaeological excavations at Oluz Höyük which were carried under the direction of Prof. Şevket Dönmez between 2009 and 2013, 90 coins (one gold, five silver, 84 bronze) were discovered, dating from the last quarter of the 4th century BC to 48 BC. A great majority of them (70) belong to the Hellenistic kingdoms: 13 Macedonian (Alexander the Great and Philippos III Arrhidaios), two Bithynian (Prusias II Cynegus), 55 Pontic (Mithradates VI Eupator). The coins of the Macedonian kingdom are from the mints of the cities of Amphipolis, Sardis, Colophon, Miletus/Mylasa and Salamis. Aside from the Pontic coins, which were minted of bronze, those of Amisos constitute thelargest group with 41 examples, while five coins of Amastris and only one each from Sinope and Panticapaeum were identified. Among the other 11 coins, three, dated to the Roman Republican period, give the names of Roman moneyers: Caius Curiatius filius Trigeminus (135 BC), C. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus (88 BC) and Lucius Procilius filius (80 BC). The remaining eight coins which are dated to the 2nd–1st centuries, are known to have been minted in Apameia (Kelainai), Cyzicus and Sardis. All of this numismatic material adds new information to the Hellenistic history of Oluz Höyük as well as the Pontic region.
During the ancient period, coins were used as a means of remembering, propaganda and advertisement, as well as their commercial uses like the coins of our time. Therefore, it is possible to find some symbols on the coins that call attention to the facts that are impressed upon the history of a state or a city, such as legends about their establishments and religious beliefs.
Oluz Höyük is located in western Amasya province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. During archaeological excavations at Oluz Höyük between 2007 and 2013, 90 coins came to light dating from the last quarter of the 4th century BC to the mid-1st century BC: 70 belong to Hellenistic kingdoms, of which 13 are Macedonian (Alexander the Great and Philipp III Arrhidaeus), two are Bithynian (Prusias II Cynegus) and 55 Pontic (Mithradates VI Eupator). The coins of the Macedonian kingdom are from ‘Tarsus or Amphipolis’, Sardis, Colophon, ‘Miletus or Mylasa’ and Salamis. Of the coins from the Pontic kingdom, minted of bronze, those of Amisos constitute the largest group with 40 examples, while five are from Amastris and one each from Sinope and Panticapaeum. Three coins are silver mints from the city of Rome and give the names of moneyers of the Late Republican period (135-80 BC): Caius Curiatius filius Trigeminus, C. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus, and Lucius Procilius filius. The remaining eight coins mostly date from the 2nd century to mid-1st century BC, and are known to have been minted in Apamea, Cyzicus and Sardis.
The coins described below originate in the late 0. Y ogev 's excavation of!ate Persian-early Hellenistic levels at Tel Nahariya (see also Ovadiah, this volume). As the stratigraphic provenience of the coins is unclear, the finds are presented in chronological order. The coins were cleaned by E. Altmark and photographed by J. Mendrea. CATALOGUE
Rising on a proto-historic tumulus on the southern coast of Kuşadası/Aydın, Kadıkalesi/Anaia is an important harbor castle of the Byzantine Empire with a dominating position to the cost. Kadıkalesi, with its central location as a strategically important commercial harbor, used to protect the harbor of the coastal city, Anaia, and it dates back to the period of the Lascarid Dynasty (1204–1261), based on the technique used on the walls. Apart from that, it is important to note that Kadıkalesi is a home to a magnificent church complex. In the excavation work that continued until 2001, the archeological findings belonging to the Byzantine Empire reveal that after the castle had been used for religious purposes, it was then used for commercial glass and ceramic production. In the excavations performed with all the findings on the surface of Kadıkalesi/Anaia region, more than 1000 coins have been found between 2001 and 2017. Most of the coin findings that belong to the Byzantine Empire period are categorized with a wide period of time from the 5th century to the 14th century. In this paper, examples of the copper coin findings that date back to the Byzantine period from Kadıkalesi/Anaia 2001–2017 excavation season will be evaluated and presented chronologically.
This article proposes a new reading of the Pre-Islamic Central Asian Turko-Sogdian coins of the early medieval period. In particular, instead of the readings “ruler Tarnavch / Trabn” (E. V. Rtveladze, A. A. Musakayeva) and “the ruler Qaghan Tobzen” (P. Lurje), the author suggests “ruler Tegin” and “Qaghan, The Ruler of Turan”. The coins of Chach (Tashkent)’s Tegins (c’cynk tk’yn, xwβw tk’yn), can be associated with the Western Turkic Qaghanate (568 – 740), in particular, with the Ashina dynasty. As is well known, in that period the title of Tegin was part of the titular system of the Turkic Qaghanate (552 – 744) and was used by the princes of the Ashina, the Qaghanate’s ruling dynasty. The fact that Chinese writing sources of 7th – 8th centuries mention a rulers of Chach with title of Te-le (Tegin). Among the most types of coins minted in Sogd in the Early Middle Ages, mintages for some extent were directly or indirectly connected to the Turkic qaghans. These coins were distinguished with their iconography, paleography, and categories (volume, size, technics of preparing) with the inscriptions of rulers face-portrait on the reverse part in the form of surrounded by Sogdian legend, in which inscribed the statement as xwβw / twrnyn / x’γ’n “Qaghan, The Ruler of Turan”.
This article publishes 83 coins from the Hatay Archaeological Museum in Antakya which derive from CH X 310 (Kırıkhan, Turkey, 1972). The existence of this packet has been known since the first notice of the hoard in CH I 87A, but the listing there and in subsequent publications has turned out to be inaccurate in several respects. The packet in Antakya includes a number of Seleucid and civic issues not previously listed for Kırıkhan and new dies and die links for the wreathed coinages of Cyme, Myrina, Heraclea, and Magnesia. The posthumous Lysimachus of Ilion and some of the wreathed tetradrachms of Cyme in the packet are of particular interest and provide an opportunity to revisit the dating and interpretation of these series.
A total of 208 coins were found at el-Khirba, Shoham, all but three (which are silver-plated) are bronze. The numismatic profile of the assemblage conforms to the tripartite chronological division of the site: the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods.
Sent for publication to the Numismatic Chronicle (Coin Hoards Series), vol. 174, 2014
Dep. Late AH 420s / AD 1030s 200 Å Disp. In trade. A hoard of billon dirhams struck by the rulers of the Shaddādid and Shirwānshāh dynasties and by Kwirike III king of Kakheti-Hereti in eastern Georgia was found in the Republic of Azerbaijan in the spring of 2013.The find spot is unknown, as is the total number of coins in the hoard, though there were said to be about 200 pieces altogether. We were able to obtain photos of 93 coins that recently appeared at one of the markets in Baku. These were as follows: Shaddādids -52 coins no. of coins Faḍl I ibn Muḥammad (AH 375-422 / AD 985-1031) 44 Mūsā ibn Faḍl I (AH 422-5 / AD 1031-4) 1 'Alī al-Lashkarī II (AH 425-40 / AD 1034-9) 7 Shirwānshāhs -36 coins Yazīd ibn Aḥmad (AH 381-418 / AD 991-1028) 1 Abū al-Hayjā Manūchihr ibn Yazīd (AH 418-25 / AD 1028-34) 3 'Alī ibn Yazīd (AH 425-35 / AD 1034-43) 32 Kakheti Hereti Kings -1 coin Kwirike III (AD 1014-37/9) 1 Uncertain -4 coins The oldest coins in the available part of hoard cannot be determined since the date on most of them is either missing or illegible. The oldest are probably those of the Shaddādid ruler, Faḍl I and the Shirwānshāh, Yazīd ibn Aḥmad struck after AH 381 since there were no coins citing the Abbāsid caliph al-Ṭā'iʽ (AH 363-81). Since we do not have the whole hoard we cannot be certain about the date of deposition but would tentatively suggest that it was buried after AH 425, most probably in the late AH 420s / AD 1030s. The absence of coins struck by the Shirwānshāh, Sallār ibn Yazīd (445/1053) indicates that it was buried before 445. Numismatic literature on the coinage of the Shirwānshāhs is quite scanty. There has been some discussion of the coinage of Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (370-81),
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