Let's say you type in the host name, "www.Google.com" into your browser. The browser will contact the DNS (Domain Name Server) and ask it for the ip address (192.117.0.1 for example) for www.google.com. This is what's called a forward lookup. The reverse lookup then is when the browser has the ip address but needs to find the host name for that address. So the browser contacts the DNS using the ip address and asks for the host name.
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